Timeline of Isfahan

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Isfahan, Iran.

Prior to 16th century

c. 538 BC - Jews settle in Isfahan^[1]^{[better source needed]}
771 - Friday Mosque established in Yahudiyya (approximate date).^[2]
1051 - Isfahan besieged by Seljuk forces of Tughril;^[3] city becomes capital of the Seljuk Empire.^[4]
1070 - Nezamiyeh Madrasa built (approximate date).^[2]
1107 - Chihil Dukhtaran (minaret) erected.^[2]
1194 - Khwarazmian Ala ad-Din Tekish in power.^[5]
1226 - City sacked by Mongol forces.^[3]
1228 - City besieged by Mongol forces again.^[3]^[6]
1240/1241 - Isfahan taken by Mongol forces.^[6]^[5]
1325 - Emamzadeh Jafar (tomb/shrine) built.^[2]
1341/1342 - Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Inju becomes governor of Isfahan.^[3]
1356 - Amir Mobārez-al-Din Mo-ḥammad Moẓaffari becomes governor of Isfahan.^[3]
1387 - Isfahan besieged by forces of Timur.^[3]^[7]

16th-19th centuries

1503 - Safavid Ismail I in power.^[8]
1598 - Isfahan becomes capital of the Safavid Empire; Abbas I of Persia in power.^[9]
1602
- Si-o-seh pol (bridge) built to newly developed New Julfa.^[10]
- Maydān-i shāh (square) laid out.^[2]
1619 - Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque built.^[2]
1627 - Armenian Bedkhem Church built in New Julfa.^[2]
1630 - Shah Mosque built (approximate date).^[2]
1647 - Chehel Sotoun palace construction begins.^[2]
1650 - Khaju Bridge built.^[2]
1660 - Ālī Qāpū (palace) built (approximate date).^[2]
1670 - Hasht Behesht palace built.^[11]
1722 - Siege of Isfahan by Afghan forces.^[9]
1736 - Persian capital relocated from Isfahan to Mashhad.^[5]
1804/1805 - Famine.^[5]
1836/1837 - Unrest.^[5]
1848/1849 - Unrest.^[5]
1869 - Isfahan economy affected by opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt.^[12]
1872 - Famine.^[5]
1874 - Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan becomes governor of Isfahan.^[5]
1882 - Population: 73,634.^[5]

20th century

1919 - Zaban-e Zanan women's magazine begins publication.^[13]
1920 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate).^[14]
1921 - Waṭan textile factory in business.^[15]
1941 - Population: 204,598.^[16]
1946 - University of Isfahan established.
1953 - Sepahan F.C. (football club) formed.
1959 - Hamadāniān cement factory in business.^[15]
1966 - Population: 424,045.^[16]
1970s - Polyacryl Iran Corporation established.^[15]^(en)
1973 - First development organic program^[17]^[18]
1971 - Āryāmehr steel mill begins operating near city.^[15]
1973 - Naqsh-e jahan derby (football contest) begins.
1976 - Population: 661,510.^[16]
1977 - Ālī Qāpū, Chehel Sotoun, and Hasht Behesht palaces restored.^[2]
1977 - Isfahan University of Technology established.
1979 - Naqsh-e Jahan Square designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
1983 - محمدحسن ملک‌مدنی [fa] becomes mayor.^(fa)
1984 - Isfahan International Airport opens.^[19]
1986 - Population: 986,753.^[16]
1996 - Population: 1,266,072.^[20]
1999 - February: Local election held.^[19]

21st century

2003
- Naghsh-e Jahan Stadium opens.
- مرتضی سقاییان‌نژاد [fa] becomes mayor.^(fa)
2011 - Population: 1,756,126.^[21]
2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 2.
2015
- Isfahan Metro begins operating.
- Mehdi Jamalinejad becomes mayor of Isfahan.
2023
- 2023 Iran drone attacks^[22]
- 99.54% of the population have natural gas network access.^[23]
- Unemployed: 180,000, jobs openings: 12000^[24]
- Shah Mosque tower and dome tilted; 14 billion toman allocated to renovate the buildings.^[25]
- 5,994 city crossings named after martyrs of Iraq-Iran War by the municipal government.^[26]
- Isfahan province divided into 212 police blocks.^[27]
2024
- 19 April: Isfahan missile strike
- Asian cooperation dialogue event held in the city.^[28]

References

^ Congress, World Jewish. "World Jewish Congress". World Jewish Congress. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Isfahan". Oxford Art Online. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help) Retrieved 8 February 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kamaly 2012.
^ John L. Esposito (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Bosworth 2007.
^ ^a ^b Woods 1977.
^ "Iran". Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 45–64. ISBN 978-1-135-35673-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
^ Haneda 2012.
^ ^a ^b Macmillan 2004.
^ BBC News (16 August 2011). "Iran Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ Britannica 1910.
^ Hooshang Amirahmadi (2012). Political Economy of Iran under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796-1936. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-258-4. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ Ghada Talhami (2013). Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6858-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017 – via HathiTrust. Ispahan
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Borjian 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zanjani 2006.
^ http://prof.khuisf.ac.ir/images/Uploaded_files/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C[3934314].PDF
^ "سایه شهرهای اطراف بر سر اصفهان و «دومین طرح جامع»/وضعیت فعلی طرح به شهرداری ابلاغ نشده است". 15 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
^ "دیفنس اکسپرس: تاسیسات اصفهان در حمله پهپادی هیچ آسیبی ندیده است". 29 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
^ "پوشش ۹۹.۵۴ درصدی گازرسانی در اصفهان". 15 May 2023. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
^ "۱۸۰ هزار بیکار در استان اصفهان وجود دارد". 13 August 2023.
^ "عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه: گنبد مسجد جامع اصفهان ترک برداشته و ستون‌هایش کج شده".
^ "راه‌اندازی پویش «به نام شهید» با مشارکت شهروندان اصفهانی". 7 November 2023.
^ "اصفهان به ۲۱۲ بلوک انتظامی تقسیم شد - ایرنا".
^ "Iran's Isfahan enjoys high capacities for tourism, trade - Mehr News Agency".

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published prior to 19th century

Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Isfahan", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 9780524062142, OCLC 8979039, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 7 February 2017

Published in the 20th century

"Ispahan", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 6, New York, 1904, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282268, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 9 February 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Guy Le Strange (1905). "Jibal: (Isfahan)". Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge University Press.
Houtum-Schindler, Albert; Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke (1910). "Isfahān" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 867–870.
Huart (1927). "Iṣfahān". In M.T. Houtsma; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill.
C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Isfahan". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
Wilfred Blunt (1966). Isfahan: Pearl of Persia. OCLC 711992.
Renata Holod, ed. (1974), Studies on Isfahan, Iranian Studies, OCLC 4762427
John E. Woods (1977). "Note on the Mongol Capture of Iṣfahān". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 36 (1): 49–51. doi:10.1086/372531. JSTOR 544126. S2CID 161867404.
W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". An Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 169–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
Eckart Ehlers. "Capitals and spatial organization in Iran: Esfahân, Shirâz, Tehran," in Chahryar Adle and Bernard Hourcade, eds., Téhéran: Capitale bicentenaire, (Paris and Teheran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, 1992), pp. 155–172.
Andrew Petersen (1996). "Isfahan". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Esfahan", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, ISBN 9781884964039, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 6 February 2017
Stephen P. Blake. Half the World: A Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722 (Costa Mesa, Cal.: Mazda, 1999)
Heidi Walcher (2000). "Face of the Seven Spheres: Urban Morphology and Architecture in Nineteenth-century Isfahan". Iranian Studies. 33 (3/4): 327–347. doi:10.1080/00210860008701985. JSTOR 4311377. S2CID 144016605. + part 2 Archived 2017-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, 2001

Published in the 21st century

Philip Mattar, ed. (2004), "Isfahan", Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, NY: Macmillan Reference USA – via Global Issues In Context
Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Isfahan". Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Jürgen Paul [in German] (2006). "Isfahan: Local Historiography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Sussan Babaie (2007). "Isfahan: Monuments: Bibliography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Isfahan". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 167–179. ISBN 978-9004153882. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Sussan Babaie. Isfahan and Its Palaces: Statecraft, Shiʿism, and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008
Heidi A. Walcher (2008). In the Shadow of the King: Zill al-Sultān and Isfahān under the Qājārs. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850434344.
David Durand-Guédy (2010). Iranian Elites and Turkish Rulers: A History of Iṣfahān in the Saljūuq Period. Routledge. ISBN 9780415457101.
Habib Borjian (2012). "Isfahan: Modern Economy And Industries: Isfahan City". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Masashi Haneda; Rudi Matthee (2012). "Isfahan: Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Hossein Kamaly (2012). "Isfahan: Medieval Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Isfahan". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
Habibollah Zanjani (2012). "Isfahan: Population: Isfahan City". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
Kheirandish, Elaheh. Baghdad and Isfahan: A Dialogue of Two Cities in an Age of Science CA. 750-1750 (Harvard UP, 2021) excerpt Archived 2023-06-01 at the Wayback Machine

in other languages

Abu'l-Šayḵ ʿAbd-Allāh b. Moḥammad, Ṭabaqāt al-moḥaddeṯin be-Eṣfahān wa'l-wāredin ʿalayhā (in Arabic) (Biographical dictionary written in 10th century CE)
Mafarrukhi, Maḥāsen Eṣfahān (in Arabic) (Written in 11th century CE)
Abu Noʿaym Eṣfahāni, Ḏekr akbār Eṣfahān (in Arabic) (Biographical dictionary written in 11th century CE)
Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1676). "Description d'Ispahan ville capitale des Estats du Roy de Perse". Les Six Voyages (in French). Paris. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Jean Chardin (1811) [1686]. "(Ispahan)". Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse (in French). Vol. 7. Paris. pp. 289+. hdl:2027/nyp.33433082406509. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Claude Anet (1906). "Une semaine a Ispahan". La Perse en automobile: à travers la Russie et le Caucase (in French). Paris: Félix Juven. pp. 233+.
Sayyid Ali Al-Jinab. al-Iṣfahān (in Persian). circa 1920s?
André Godard (1937). "Isfahan". Āthār-é Īrān / Annales du Service archéologique de l'Iran (in French) (2): 7–176. OCLC 3230219.
Helga Anschütz [in German] (1967). "Persische Stadttypen. Eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Städte Teheran - Isfahan - Abadan - Chorramschahr, und Buschir in Iran". Geografische Rundschau (in German). 19. ISSN 0016-7460.
H. Gaube and E. Wirth. Der Bazar von Isfahan, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Beihefte B/22, Wiesbaden, 1978.
Rosemarie Quiring-Zoche (1980). Isfahan im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert: Ein Beitrag zur persischen Stadtgeschichte. Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.
Quaderni del Seminario di iranistica dell'Università di Venezia (in Italian), 1981 (Special issue on Isfahan)

External links

Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). "Isfahan". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes multiple articles)
Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Isfahan". Bibliographia Iranica. USA: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Europeana)
Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
"(Isfahan)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
"(Isfahan)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century

[1] Congress, World Jewish. "World Jewish Congress". World Jewish Congress. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2024.

[OxfordArt-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Isfahan". Oxford Art Online. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help) Retrieved 8 February 2017

[FOOTNOTEKamaly2012-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kamaly 2012.

[Esposito2003-4] John L. Esposito (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth2007-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Bosworth 2007.

[FOOTNOTEWoods1977-6] Woods 1977.

[7] "Iran". Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 45–64. ISBN 978-1-135-35673-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2017.

[FOOTNOTEHaneda2012-8] Haneda 2012.

[FOOTNOTEMacmillan2004-9] Macmillan 2004.

[bbc-chron-10] BBC News (16 August 2011). "Iran Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-11] Britannica 1910.

[Amirahmadi2012-12] Hooshang Amirahmadi (2012). Political Economy of Iran under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796-1936. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-258-4. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[Talhami2013-13] Ghada Talhami (2013). Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6858-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[14] "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017 – via HathiTrust. Ispahan

[FOOTNOTEBorjian2012-15] Borjian 2012.

[FOOTNOTEZanjani2006-16] Zanjani 2006.

[17] ttp://prof.khuisf.ac.ir/images/Uploaded_files/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C[3934314].PDF

[18] "سایه شهرهای اطراف بر سر اصفهان و «دومین طرح جامع»/وضعیت فعلی طرح به شهرداری ابلاغ نشده است". 15 August 2023.

[europa2004-19] "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[20] "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[21] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

[22] "دیفنس اکسپرس: تاسیسات اصفهان در حمله پهپادی هیچ آسیبی ندیده است". 29 January 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

[23] "پوشش ۹۹.۵۴ درصدی گازرسانی در اصفهان". 15 May 2023. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.

[24] "۱۸۰ هزار بیکار در استان اصفهان وجود دارد". 13 August 2023.

[25] "عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه: گنبد مسجد جامع اصفهان ترک برداشته و ستون‌هایش کج شده".

[26] "راه‌اندازی پویش «به نام شهید» با مشارکت شهروندان اصفهانی". 7 November 2023.

[27] "اصفهان به ۲۱۲ بلوک انتظامی تقسیم شد - ایرنا".

[28] "Iran's Isfahan enjoys high capacities for tourism, trade - Mehr News Agency".

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