Jump to content

List of lemuroids

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of lemur species)

Ring-tailed kawanu resting with hands on wooden branch
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

Lemuroidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this superfamily are called lemuroids, or lemurs. Lemuroidea is one of two superfamilies that form the suborder Strepsirrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar, primarily in forests but with some species also in savannas, shrublands, or wetlands. They range in size from the Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the indri, at 90 cm (35 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail. Lemuroids primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most lemuroids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 40 mature individuals to 5,000. Most lemuroid species are at risk of extinction, with 45 species categorized as endangered, and a further 32 species categorized as critically endangered.

Madagascar, with the coastal and some inland areas shaded
Range of all lemur species

The 107 extant species of Lemuroidea are divided into five families. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 dwarf, mouse, and fork-marked lemur species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species, the aye-aye. Indriidae contains nineteen woolly lemur and sifaka species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 ruffed, ring-tailed, bamboo, and other lemur species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 sportive lemur species in a single genus.

Dozens of extinct prehistoric lemuroid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1] At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[2][3] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[2] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[2] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[2]

Conventions

[edit]
IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (32 species)
 EN Endangered (45 species)
 VU Vulnerable (24 species)
 NT Near threatened (1 species)
 LC Least concern (2 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (3 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the lemuroid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

[edit]

The superfamily Lemuroidea consists of five extant families: Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, and Lepilemuridae. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species. Indriidae contains nineteen species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 lemur species in a single genus. There are additionally three families which went extinct prior to modern record-keeping: Archaeolemuridae, Megaladapidae, and Palaeopropithecidae, as well as an extinct genus in Lemuridae.

Family Archaeolemuridae† (monkey lemurs)

Family Cheirogaleidae

  • Genus Allocebus (hairy-eared dwarf lemur): one species
  • Genus Cheirogaleus (dwarf lemurs): ten species
  • Genus Microcebus (mouse lemurs): twenty-four species
  • Genus Mirza (giant mouse lemurs): two species
  • Genus Phaner (fork-marked lemurs): four species

Family Daubentoniidae

Family Indriidae

  • Genus Avahi (woolly lemurs): nine species
  • Genus Indri (indri): one species
  • Genus Propithecus (sifakas): nine species

Family Lemuridae

  • Genus Eulemur (true lemurs): twelve species
  • Genus Hapalemur (bamboo lemurs): five species
  • Genus Lemur (ring-tailed lemur): one species
  • Genus Pachylemur†: two extinct species
  • Genus Prolemur (greater bamboo lemur): one species
  • Genus Varecia (ruffed lemurs): two species

Family Lepilemuridae

  • Genus Lepilemur (sportive lemurs): twenty-five species

Family Megaladapidae† (koala lemurs)

Family Palaeopropithecidae† (sloth lemurs)

Lemuroidea  
Lemuroidea  

Daubentoniidae

Lepilemuridae

Cheirogaleidae

Lemuridae

Indriidae

There are two competing lemur phylogenies, one by Horvath et al. (top)[4] and one by Orlando et al. (bottom).[5]

Lemuroids

[edit]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[6]

Family Cheirogaleidae

[edit]
Genus AllocebusPetter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

Drawing of brown lemur

A. trichotis
(Günther, 1875)
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest[8]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects[8]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Genus CheirogaleusGeoffroy, 1812 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ankarana dwarf lemur


C. shethi
Frasier et al., 2016
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[10]

Diet: Fruit[10]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[10]

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

White lemur

C. medius
Geoffroy, 1812
Southern, western, and northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 20–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest[12]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, seeds, nectar, insects, and small vertebrates[11]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Furry-eared dwarf lemur

Brown lemur

C. crossleyi
Grandidier, 1870
Scattered eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 22–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, leaves, and insects[13]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[14]

Greater dwarf lemur

Gray lemur

C. major
Geoffroy, 1812
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 16–27 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as insects small vertebrates, and honey[15]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[16]

Groves' dwarf lemur

Brown lemur

C. grovesi
McLain et al., 2017
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 16–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet:
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Lavasoa dwarf lemur


C. lavasoensis
Thiele, Razafimahatratra, & Hapke, 2013
Southern Madagascar Size: 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, including tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur


C. minusculus
Groves, 2000
Central Madagascar
Map of range
Size: Unknown[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet: Unknown[21]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur


C. andysabini
Lei et al., 2015
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Sibree's dwarf lemur


C. sibreei
Forsyth Major, 1896
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: Unknown[25]

Habitat: Forest[26]

Diet: Unknown[25]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Thomas' dwarf lemur

Drawing of gray lemur

C. thomasi
(Forsyth Major, 1894)
Southeastern Madagascar Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[27]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[27]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Genus MicrocebusGeoffroy, 1834 – 24 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Anosy mouse lemur


M. tanosi
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[29]

Diet: Fruit and insects[29]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Arnhold's mouse lemur


M. arnholdi
Louis et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Bemanasy mouse lemur


M. manitatra
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail

Habitat: Forest[33]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[33]

Bongolava mouse lemur


M. bongolavensis
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Brown mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. rufus
Geoffroy, 1834
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Forest[37]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, flowers, gum, nectar, and pollen[36]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[37]

Claire's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. mamiratra
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Forest[39]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[39]

Danfoss's mouse lemur


M. danfossi
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Forest[41]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Ganzhorn's mouse lemur


M. ganzhorni
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Fruit and insects[42]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[42]

Gerp's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. gerpi
Radespiel et al., 2012
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest[44]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[44]

Golden-brown mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. ravelobensis
Zimmermann, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann, & Radespiel, 1998
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest[46]

Diet: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, and animal matter[46]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Goodman's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. lehilahytsara
Roos & Kappeler, 2005
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest[48]

Diet: Fruit and insects[48]
 NT 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Gray mouse lemur

Gray lemur

M. murinus
(J. F. Miller, 1777)
Western and southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[50]

Diet: Insects, as well as small reptiles, plants, leaves, fruit, and flowers[49]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Jolly's mouse lemur


M. jollyae
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[52]

Diet: Fruit[52]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[52]

MacArthur's mouse lemur


M. macarthurii
Radespiel et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[54]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[54]

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. berthae
Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[55]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Honeydew, as well as gum, flowers, fruit, arthropods, and small vertebrates[55]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Margot Marsh's mouse lemur


M. margotmarshae
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[30]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Marohita mouse lemur


M. marohita
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[58]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Jonah's mouse lemur


M. jonahi
Schüssler et al., 2020
Northeastern Madagascar Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[59]

Diet: Fruit and insects[59]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[59]

Northern rufous mouse lemur


M. tavaratra
(Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000)
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[60]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[61]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Nosy Boraha mouse lemur


M. boraha
Hotaling et al., 2016
Northeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Unknown[62]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 DD 


Unknown Population declining[62]

Pygmy mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. myoxinus
Peters, 1852
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[63]

Habitat: Forest[64]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, gums, and insects[63]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[64]

Reddish-gray mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. griseorufus
Kollman, 1910
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[65]

Diet: Fruit and gum, as well as flowers and arthropods[65]
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[65]

Sambirano mouse lemur


M. sambiranensis
Rasoloarison et al., 2000
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Simmons' mouse lemur


M. simmonsi
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Forest[69]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[32]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[69]

Genus MirzaGray, 1870 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's giant mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 31–32 cm (12–13 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[70]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[71]

Northern giant mouse lemur

Brown lemur

M. zaza
Kappeler & Roos, 2005
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–29 cm (10–11 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[73]

Diet: Fruit, insect secretions, and sap[73]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[73]

Genus PhanerGray, 1870 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur


P. electromontis
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[75]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[75]

Masoala fork-marked lemur

Grayscale drawing of lemurs

P. furcifer
Blainville, 1839
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[77]

Diet: Gum, as well as insects[76]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[77]

Pale fork-marked lemur

Brown lemur

P. pallescens
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 23–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 29–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest[79]

Diet: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar[79]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[79]

Pariente's fork-marked lemur


P. parienti
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[80]

Diet: Gum[80]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[80]

Family Daubentoniidae

[edit]
Genus DaubentoniaGeoffroy, 1795 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aye-aye

Black lemur

D. madagascariensis
Gmelin, 1788
Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail[81]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[82]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap[81]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[82]

Family Indriidae

[edit]
Genus AvahiJourdan, 1834 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bemaraha woolly lemur


A. cleesei
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2005
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 26–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[84]

Diet: Buds and leaves[85]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[84]

Betsileo woolly lemur


A. betsileo
Andriantompohavana et al., 2007
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 25–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[86]

Eastern woolly lemur

Drawing brown lemur

A. laniger
Gmelin, 1788
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long plus tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[87]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[88]

Moore's woolly lemur


A. mooreorum
Lei et al., 2008
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[90]

Diet: Leaves[90]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[90]

Peyrieras's woolly lemur


A. peyrierasi
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 26–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[91]

Habitat: Forest[92]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[92]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[92]

Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur


A. ramanantsoavani
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 27–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–39 cm (10–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[93]

Sambirano woolly lemur


A. unicolor
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[94]

Habitat: Forest[95]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[95]

Southern woolly lemur


A. meridionalis
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[83]

Habitat: Forest[96]

Diet: Leaves[96]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[96]

Western woolly lemur

Brown lemur

A. occidentalis
Liburnau, 1898
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[98]

Diet: Leaves[97]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[98]

Genus IndriGeoffroy & Cuvier, 1796 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indri

Black and white lemur

I. indri
(Gmelin, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • I. i. indri
  • I. i. variegatus
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Forest[100]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[99]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[100]

Genus PropithecusBennett, 1832 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's sifaka

Brown and white lemur

P. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[101]

Habitat: Forest[102]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit, and bark[103]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[102]

Crowned sifaka

Brown and white lemur

P. coronatus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1871
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail[104]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Flowers and leaves, as well as fruit[105]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[105]

Diademed sifaka

Brown and gray lemur

P. diadema
Bennett, 1832
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in)[106]

Habitat: Forest[107]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, and shoots[106]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[107]

Golden-crowned sifaka

Brown lemur

P. tattersalli
Simons, 1988
Northern lemur
Map of range
Size: About 48 cm (19 in) long, plus about 39 cm (15 in) tail[108]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[109]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as bark[108]
 CR 


4,000–5,000 Population declining[109]

Milne-Edwards's sifaka

Black lemur

P. edwardsi
Grandidier, 1871
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 42–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail[110]

Habitat: Forest[111]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and flowers[110]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[111]

Perrier's sifaka

Black lemur

P. perrieri
Lavauden, 1931
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 49 cm (19 in) long, plus tail[112]

Habitat: Forest[113]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[112]
 CR 


125 Population declining[113]

Silky sifaka

White lemur

P. candidus
Grandidier, 1871
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 48–54 cm (19–21 in) long, plus 45–51 cm (18–20 in) tail[114]

Habitat: Forest[115]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, fruit, and flowers, as well as bark and soil[114]
 CR 


250 Population declining[115]

Verreaux's sifaka

Black and white lemur

P. verreauxi
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[116]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[117]

Diet: Leaves, bark, and flowers, as well as fruit[116]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[117]

Von der Decken's sifaka

Black and white lemur

P. deckenii
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 45 cm (18 in) tail[118]

Habitat: Forest[119]

Diet: Leaves[119]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[119]

Family Lemuridae

[edit]
Genus EulemurSimons & Rumpler, 1988 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black lemur

Black lemur

E. macaco
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[120]

Habitat: Forest[121]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, nectar, leaves, bark, soil, and ants[120]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[121]

Blue-eyed black lemur

Black lemur

E. flavifrons
Gray, 1867
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 51–65 cm (20–26 in) tail[122]

Habitat: Forest[123]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[123]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[123]

Collared brown lemur

Brown lemurs

E. collaris
Geoffroy, 1817
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 39–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[124]

Habitat: Forest[125]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, young leaves, and insects[125]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[125]

Common brown lemur

Brown lemur

E. fulvus
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 41–51 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 41–51 cm (16–20 in) tail[126]

Habitat: Forest[127]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[128]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[127]

Crowned lemur

Brown lemur

E. coronatus
(Gray, 1842)
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 45 cm (18 in) tail[129]

Habitat: Forest[130]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves[129]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[130]

Gray-headed lemur

Brown and gray lemur

E. cinereiceps
Grandidier & A. Milne-Edwards, 1890
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 39–41 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[131]

Habitat: Forest[132]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, leaves, nectar, fungi, and insects[131]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[132]

Mongoose lemur

Gray lemur

E. mongoz
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 35 cm (14 in) long, plus about 48 cm (19 in) tail[133]

Habitat: Forest[134]

Diet: Flowers, pollen, fruit, and leaves[133]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[134]

Red lemur

Brown lemur

E. rufus
(Audebert, 1799)
Northwestern lemur
Map of range
Size: About 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 49–51 cm (19–20 in)[135]

Habitat: Forest[136]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, insects, and arthropods[135]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[136]

Red-bellied lemur

Brown lemur

E. rubriventer
Geoffroy, 1850
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 46–54 cm (18–21 in) tail[137]

Habitat: Forest[138]

Diet: Flowers, fruits and leaves, as well as invertebrates[137]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[138]

Red-fronted lemur

Gray and brown lemur

E. rufifrons
Bennett, 1833
Southwestern and southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[139]

Habitat: Forest[140]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers, as well as invertebrates[139]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[140]

Sanford's brown lemur

Brown lemur

E. sanfordi
Archbold, 1932
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 38–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[141]

Habitat: Forest[142]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and invertebrates[142]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[142]

White-headed lemur

Brown and white lemur

E. albifrons
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[144]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[144]

Genus HapalemurGeoffroy, 1851 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

Gray lemur

H. griseus
Link, 1795
Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[146]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, fruit, and leaves[147]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[146]

Golden bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

H. aureus
Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler, & Wright,, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 41 cm (16 in) tail[148]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[149]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, leaves, fruit, fungi, and soil[148]
 CR 


50–250 Population declining[149]

Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

H. alaotrensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus tail[150]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[151]

Diet: Marsh plants[151]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[151]

Southern lesser bamboo lemur

Gray lemur

H. meridionalis
Warter, Randrianasolo, Dutrillaux, & Rumpler, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[152]

Habitat: Forest[153]

Diet: Grass, pith, stems, and leaves, as well as fruit[153]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[153]

Western lesser bamboo lemur

H. occidentalis
Rumpler, 1975

Map of range
Size: 27–28 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 36–39 cm (14–15 in) tail[154]

Habitat: Forest[155]

Diet: Fruit, bamboo, flowers, fungi, and soil[155]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[155]

Genus LemurLinnaeus, 1758 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ring-tailed lemur

Brown, black, and gray lemur

L. catta
Linnaeus, 1758
Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail[156]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[157]

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds[156]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[157]

Genus ProlemurGray, 1871 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater bamboo lemur

Brown lemur

P. simus
Gray, 1871
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[158]

Habitat: Forest[159]

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit[158]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[159]

Genus VareciaGray, 1863 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white ruffed lemur

Black and white lemur

V. variegata
Kerr, 1792

Three subspecies
  • V. v. editorum (Hill's ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. subcincta (White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. variegata (Black-and-white ruffed lemur)
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60–61 cm (24–24 in) tail[145]

Habitat: Forest[160]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and nectar[161]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[160]

Red ruffed lemur

Black and brown lemur

V. rubra
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 50 cm (20 in) long, plus about 60 cm (24 in) tail[162]

Habitat: Forest[163]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves and seeds[162]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[163]

Family Lepilemuridae

[edit]
Genus LepilemurGeoffroy, 1851 – 25 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
AEECL's sportive lemur

Brown and gray lemur

L. aeeclis
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[164]

Habitat: Forest[165]

Diet: Leaves[165]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[165]

Ahmanson's sportive lemur


L. ahmansoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[166]

Habitat: Forest[167]

Diet: Leaves[167]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[167]

Ankarana sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. ankaranensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[168]

Habitat: Forest[169]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as latex[169]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[169]

Betsileo sportive lemur


L. betsileo
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 33 cm (13 in) tail[170]

Habitat: Forest[171]

Diet: Leaves and flowers[170]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[171]

Daraina sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. milanoii
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[172]

Habitat: Forest[173]

Diet: Leaves[173]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[173]

Fleurete's sportive lemur


L. fleuretae
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[174]

Habitat: Forest[175]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[175]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[175]

Gray-backed sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. dorsalis
Gray, 1870
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 23–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–28 cm (10–11 in) tail[176]

Habitat: Forest[177]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[176]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[177]

Grewcock's sportive lemur


L. grewcocki
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[178]

Habitat: Forest[179]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[179]

Hawks' sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. tymerlachsoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 22–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[180]

Habitat: Forest[181]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and bark[181]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[181]

Holland's sportive lemur


L. hollandorum
Ramaromilanto et al., 2009
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[182]

Diet: Leaves[182]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[182]

Hubbard's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. hubbardi
Louis et al., 2006
Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[184]

Diet: Leaves[184]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[184]

James' sportive lemur


L. jamesi
Louis et al., 2006
Southeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[185]

Habitat: Forest[186]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[186]

Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. edwardsi
Forsyth Major, 1894
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 27–29 cm (11–11 in) tail[187]

Habitat: Forest[188]

Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, flowers, and fruit[187]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[188]

Northern sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. septentrionalis
Rumpler & Albignac, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[189]

Habitat: Forest[190]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[189]
 CR 


40 Population declining[190]

Otto's sportive lemur


L. otto
Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina, & Radespiel, 2007
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size:

Habitat: Forest[191]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[191]

Petter's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. petteri
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[192]

Diet: Leaves[192]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[192]

Randrianasolo's sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. randrianasoloi
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Western Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 29 cm (11 in) long, plus about 28 cm (11 in) tail[193]

Habitat: Forest[194]

Diet: Leaves, as well as pollen, seeds, fruit, flowers, and bark[193]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[194]

Red-tailed sportive lemur

Gray and brown lemur

L. ruficaudatus
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[195]

Habitat: Forest[196]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[196]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[196]

Sahamalaza sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. sahamalaza
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: About 26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 27 cm (11 in) tail[197]

Habitat: Forest[198]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, spiders, and insects[198]
 CR 


Unknown Population declining[198]

Scott's sportive lemur

Gray lemur

L. scottorum
Lei et al., 2008
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 31–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[199]

Diet: Leaves[199]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[199]

Seal's sportive lemur


L. seali
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[200]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[200]

Small-toothed sportive lemur

Brown lemur

L. microdon
Forsyth Major, 1894

Map of range
Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[201]

Habitat: Forest[202]

Diet: Leaves[202]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[202]

Weasel sportive lemur

Drawing of brown lemur

L. mustelinus
Geoffroy, 1851
Eastern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[203]

Habitat: Forest[204]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, flowers, and bark[203]
 VU 


Unknown Population declining[204]

White-footed sportive lemur

Gray and brown lemur

L. leucopus
Forsyth Major, 1894
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 24–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[205]

Habitat: Forest[206]

Diet: Leaves and vines, as well as flowers and fruit[205]
 EN 


Unknown Population declining[206]

Wright's sportive lemur


L. wrighti
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
Map of range
Size: 31–38 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 23–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[207]

Diet: Leaves[207]
 EN 


2,000 Population declining[207]

Extinct species

[edit]

All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[208] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.

Scientific name Common name Family Estimated size Extinction date References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160–200 kg (350–440 lb) 350 BCE [209][210][211]
Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [212][213]
Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 16–20 kg (35–44 lb) 3050 BCE[c] [209][210]
Daubentonia robusta Giant aye-aye Daubentoniidae 14 kg (31 lb) 891–1027 CE [214][215]
Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 27–35 kg (60–77 lb) 444–772 CE [212][213]
Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [216][217]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [209][210]
Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 11.5 kg (25 lb) 680–960 BCE [218]
Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 13 kg (29 lb) Holocene [218]
Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 35 kg (77 lb) Late Quaternary [3]
Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [209][210]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Fossilworks: Lemuroidea". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
  3. ^ a b Gommery, D.; Ramanivosoa, B.; Tombomiadana-Raveloson, S.; Randrianantenaina, H.; Kerloc'h, P. (2009). "A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North-West of Madagascar (Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Primates)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 8 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001.
  4. ^ Horvath, J. E.; Weisrock, D. W.; Embry, S. L.; Fiorentino, I.; Balhoff, J. P.; Kappeler, P.; Wray, G. A.; Willard, H. F.; Yoder, A. D. (2008). "Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit: Resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's lemurs" (PDF). Genome Research. 18 (3): 489–499. doi:10.1101/gr.7265208. PMC 2259113. PMID 18245770.
  5. ^ Orlando, L.; Calvignac, S.; Schnebelen, C.; Douady, C. J.; Godfrey, L. R.; Hänni, C. (2008). "DNA from extinct giant lemurs links archaeolemurids to extant indriids". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (121): 121. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..121O. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-121. PMC 2386821. PMID 18442367.
  6. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 114–120
  7. ^ Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Frasier, C. L.; Bezandry, N.; Sefczek, T. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Mittermeier, J.; Réné De Roland, L. A. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en.
  9. ^ Frasier, C.; Lei, R.; McLain, A.; Taylor, J.; Bailey, C.; Ginter, A.; Nash, S.; Randriamampionona, R.; Groves, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Louis, E. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar". Primate Conservation. 30: 59–72.
  10. ^ a b c Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Blanco, M.; Salmona, J.; Chikhi, L.; Louis, E. E.; Cotton, S.; Hending, D.; Frasier, C. L.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus shethi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163020756A163020759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163020756A163020759.en.
  11. ^ a b Dewey, Tanya; Older, Kevin F. (2008). "Cheirogaleus medius". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  12. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus medius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163023599A115588562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163023599A115588562.en.
  13. ^ a b Garbutt, pp. 102–103
  14. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021377A115581154. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021377A115581154.en.
  15. ^ a b Cooper, Arthur (2000). "Cheirogaleus major". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  16. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54778911A115588708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54778911A115588708.en.
  17. ^ McLain, A. T.; Lei, R.; Frasier, C. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Robertson, B. A. D.; Nash, S. D.; Randriamanana, J. C.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Louis, E. E. Jr. (2017). "A New Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus crossleyi Group) Species from Southeastern Madagascar" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 31: 27–36.
  18. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus grovesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021927A163021999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021927A163021999.en.
  19. ^ Anderson, Natali (29 July 2013). "Lavasoa Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found on Madagascar". Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  20. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus lavasoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022131A163022293. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022131A163022293.en.
  21. ^ a b Garbutt, p. 105
  22. ^ a b Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L.; Cooke, A.; Davies, N.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Golden, C.; Groeneveld, L. F.; Hapke, A.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Kappeler, P.; King, T.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Markolf, M.; Mass, V.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Nichols, R.; Patel, E.; Rabarivola, C. J.; Raharivololona, B.; Rajaobelina, S.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Rakotomanga; B., Rakotonanahary; J., Rakotondrainibe; H., Rakotondratsimba; G., Rakotondratsimba; M., Rakotonirina; L., Ralainasolo; F. B., Ralison; J., Ramahaleo; T., Ranaivoarisoa; J. F., Randrianahaleo; S. I., Randrianambinina; B., Randrianarimanana; L., Randrianasolo; H., Randriatahina; G., Rasamimananana; H., Rasolofoharivelo; T., Rasoloharijaona; S., Ratelolahy; F., Ratsimbazafy; J., Ratsimbazafy; N., Razafindraibe; H., Razafindramanana; J., Rowe; N., Salmona; J., Seiler; M., Volampeno; S., Wright; P., Youssouf; J., Zaonarivelo; J., Zaramody; A. (2014). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T136800A16111635. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136800A16111635.en.
  23. ^ "Montagne d'Ambre Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found". Sci News. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  24. ^ a b Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Frasier, C. L.; Chikhi, L.; Salmona, J.; Louis, E. E.; Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus andysabini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021607A163021799. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021607A163021799.en.
  25. ^ a b Garbutt, p. 104
  26. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41576A115579719. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41576A115579719.en.
  27. ^ a b c Ganzhorn, J.; Donati, G.; Eppley, T. M.; Lahann, P.; Rakotondranary, S. J.; Ramanamanjato, J.-B.; Randriantafika, F. M. (2020). "Cheirogaleus thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022885A163312222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022885A163312222.en.
  28. ^ a b Rasoloarison, R. M.; Weisrock, D. W.; Yoder, A. D.; Rakotondravony, D.; Kappeler, P. M. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID 17860060.
  29. ^ a b c Donati, G.; Balestri, M.; Campera, M.; Ganzhorn, J.; Hyde Roberts, S.; Rakotondranary, S. J.; Ramanamanjato, J.-B.; Rasoloarison, R. M. (2020). "Microcebus tanosi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163024481A163024490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163024481A163024490.en.
  30. ^ a b Louis Jr., E.; Engberg, S.; McGuire, S.; McCormick, M.; Randriamampionona, R.; Ranaivoarisoa, J.; Bailey, C.; Mittermeier, R.; Lei, R. (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID 84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009.
  31. ^ a b Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Blanco, M.; Salmona, J.; Chikhi, L.; Louis, E. E.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus arnholdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971390A115587373. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971390A115587373.en.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thorén, S.; Quietzsch, F.; Schwochow, D.; Sehen, L.; Meusel, C.; Meares, K.; Radespiel, U. (2011). "Seasonal Changes in Feeding Ecology and Activity Patterns of Two Sympatric Mouse Lemur Species, the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) and the Golden-brown Mouse Lemur (M. ravelobensis), in Northwestern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 32 (3): 566–586. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9488-1. S2CID 39339969.
  33. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus manitatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313848A163313878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313848A163313878.en.
  34. ^ Garbutt, p. 98
  35. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus bongolavensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136537A115583451. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136537A115583451.en.
  36. ^ a b Esser, Matthew (2002). "Microcebus rufus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  37. ^ a b Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Zakamanana, F.; Andrianoely, D.; Donohue, M. E. (2020). "Microcebus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59544947A115588845. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T59544947A115588845.en.
  38. ^ Garbutt, p. 97
  39. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus mamiratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136206A115581016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136206A115581016.en.
  40. ^ Garbutt, p. 99
  41. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Radespiel, U.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus danfossi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136347A120487417. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136347A120487417.en.
  42. ^ a b c Ganzhorn, J.; Donati, G.; Eppley, T. M.; Hyde Roberts, S.; Poelstra, J. W.; Rakotondranary, S. J.; Ramanamanjato, J.-B.; Randriantafika, F. M.; Refaly, E.; Tsagnangara, C.; Yoder, A. (2020). "Microcebus ganzhorni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313085A163313088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313085A163313088.en.
  43. ^ Radespiel, U.; Ratsimbazafy, J. H.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Raveloson, H.; Andriaholinirina, N.; Rakotondravony, R.; Randrianarison, R. M.; Randrianambinina, B. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates. 53 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2. PMID 22198090. S2CID 8473176.
  44. ^ a b Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L.; Cooke, A.; Davies, N.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Golden, C.; Groeneveld, L. F.; Hapke, A.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Kappeler, P.; King, T.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Markolf, M.; Mass, V.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Nichols, R.; Patel, E.; Rabarivola, C. J.; Raharivololona, B.; Rajaobelina, S.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Rakotomanga; B., Rakotonanahary; J., Rakotondrainibe; H., Rakotondratsimba; G., Rakotondratsimba; M., Rakotonirina; L., Ralainasolo; F. B., Ralison; J., Ramahaleo; T., Ranaivoarisoa; J. F., Randrianahaleo; S. I., Randrianambinina; B., Randrianarimanana; L., Randrianasolo; H., Randriatahina; G., Rasamimananana; H., Rasolofoharivelo; T., Rasoloharijaona; S., Ratelolahy; F., Ratsimbazafy; J., Ratsimbazafy; N., Razafindraibe; H., Razafindramanana; J., Rowe; N., Salmona; J., Seiler; M., Volampeno; S., Wright; P., Youssouf; J., Zaonarivelo; J., Zaramody; A. (2014). "Microcebus gerpi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T16971461A16971464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T16971461A16971464.en.
  45. ^ Garbutt, p. 90
  46. ^ a b c Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Radespiel, U.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus ravelobensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39751A115574811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39751A115574811.en.
  47. ^ a b Garbutt, p. 94
  48. ^ a b c Dolch, R.; Schüßler, D.; Radespiel, U.; Blanco, M. (2022). "Microcebus lehilahytsara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210364856A210364962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210364856A210364962.en.
  49. ^ a b Alvarado, David (2000). "Microcebus murinus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  50. ^ a b Reuter, K. E.; Blanco, M.; Ganzhorn, J.; Schwitzer, C. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163314248A182239898. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T163314248A182239898.en.
  51. ^ Garbutt, p. 95
  52. ^ a b c Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Guthrie, N. K.; Johnson, S.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Raoelinjanakolona, N. N.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Schwitzer, C.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus jollyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136458A180179376. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136458A180179376.en.
  53. ^ a b Schüßler, D.; Blanco, M. B.; Salmona, J.; Poelstra, J.; Andriambeloson, J. B.; Miller, A.; Randrianambinina, B.; Rasolofoson, D. W.; Mantilla-Contreras, J.; Chikhi, L.; Louis Jr., E. E.; Yoder, A. D.; Radespiel, U. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology. 82 (9): e23180. doi:10.1002/ajp.23180. PMID 32716088.
  54. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Radespiel, U.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus macarthurii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971425A115587527. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971425A115587527.en.
  55. ^ a b Lane, Chelsea (2013). "Microcebus berthae". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  56. ^ a b Markolf, M.; Schäffler, L.; Kappeler, P. (2022). "Microcebus berthae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T41573A215090010. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41573A215090010.en.
  57. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus margotmarshae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971364A115587239. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971364A115587239.en.
  58. ^ a b Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L.; Cooke, A.; Davies, N.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Golden, C.; Groeneveld, L. F.; Hapke, A.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Kappeler, P.; King, T.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Markolf, M.; Mass, V.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Nichols, R.; Patel, E.; Rabarivola, C. J.; Raharivololona, B.; Rajaobelina, S.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Rakotomanga; B., Rakotonanahary; J., Rakotondrainibe; H., Rakotondratsimba; G., Rakotondratsimba; M., Rakotonirina; L., Ralainasolo; F. B., Ralison; J., Ramahaleo; T., Ranaivoarisoa; J. F., Randrianahaleo; S. I., Randrianambinina; B., Randrianarimanana; L., Randrianasolo; H., Randriatahina; G., Rasamimananana; H., Rasolofoharivelo; T., Rasoloharijaona; S., Ratelolahy; F., Ratsimbazafy; J., Ratsimbazafy; N., Razafindraibe; H., Razafindramanana; J., Rowe; N., Salmona; J., Seiler; M., Volampeno; S., Wright; P., Youssouf; J., Zaonarivelo; J., Zaramody; A. (2014). "Microcebus marohita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T46251646A46251651. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T46251646A46251651.en.
  59. ^ a b c Schüßler, D.; Andriambeloson, J.-B.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L.; Louis, E. E.; Mantilla-Contreras, J.; Miller, A.; Poelstra, J. W.; Randimbiharinirina, R. D.; Randrianambinina, B.; Rasolofoson, D. W.; Salmona, J.; Yoder, A.; Radespiel, U. (2021). "Microcebus jonahi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T196429436A196429566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T196429436A196429566.en.
  60. ^ Garbutt, p. 92
  61. ^ a b Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Blanco, M.; Salmona, J.; Chikhi, L.; Louis, E. E.; Cotton, S.; Hending, D.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus tavaratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41571A115579176. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41571A115579176.en.
  62. ^ a b Mittermeier, R. A.; Schwitzer, C. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus boraha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163314140A182240168. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T163314140A182240168.en.
  63. ^ a b Cudmore, Rebecca (2011). "Microcebus myoxinus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  64. ^ a b Baden, A.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L.; Cooke, A.; Davies, N.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Ganzhorn, J.; Golden, C.; Groeneveld, L. F.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Kappeler, P.; King, T.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Markolf, M.; Mass, V.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Nichols, R.; Patel, E.; Rabarivola, C. J.; Raharivololona, B.; Rajaobelina, S.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Rakotomanga, B.; Rakotonanahary, J.; Rakotondrainibe; H., Rakotondratsimba; G., Rakotondratsimba; M., Rakotonirina; L., Ralainasolo; F. B., Ralison; J., Ramahaleo; T., Ranaivoarisoa; J. F., Randrianahaleo; S. I., Randrianambinina; B., Randrianarimanana; L., Randrianasolo; H., Randriatahina; G., Rasamimananana; H., Rasolofoharivelo; T., Rasoloharijaona; S., Ratelolahy; F., Ratsimbazafy; J., Ratsimbazafy; N., Razafindraibe; H., Razafindramanana; J., Rowe; N., Salmona; J., Seiler; M., Volampeno; S., Wright; P., Youssouf; J., Zaonarivelo; J., Zaramody; A. (2014). "Microcebus myoxinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T13325A16113437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T13325A16113437.en.
  65. ^ a b c Ganzhorn, J.; Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Donati, G.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E. E.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Youssouf, J.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus griseorufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136637A115583923. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136637A115583923.en.
  66. ^ Garbutt, p. 91
  67. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus sambiranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41572A115579341. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41572A115579341.en.
  68. ^ Garbutt, p. 96
  69. ^ a b Blanco, M.; Borgerson, C.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L. K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Rafalinirina, H. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Rasoloarison, R. M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus simmonsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163314538A115585545. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163314538A115585545.en.
  70. ^ a b Garbutt, pp. 108–109
  71. ^ a b LaFleur, M. (2020). "Mirza coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13584A115567718. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13584A115567718.en.
  72. ^ Garbutt, p. 110
  73. ^ a b c Schwitzer, C. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mirza zaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136684A182240582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136684A182240582.en.
  74. ^ a b Garbutt, p. 111
  75. ^ a b Sgarlata, G. M.; Le Pors, B.; Salmona, J.; Hending, D.; Chikhi, L.; Cotton, S. (2020). "Phaner electromontis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16875A115571235. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16875A115571235.en.
  76. ^ a b Briercheck, Ken (2023). "Phaner furcifer". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  77. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Randriamampoinana, R.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M. (2020). "Phaner furcifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16872A115570701. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16872A115570701.en.
  78. ^ Quinlan, K. Clare (August 2022). "Pale Fork-Marked Lemur, Phaner pallescens". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  79. ^ a b c Borgerson, C. (2020). "Phaner pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16874A115571047. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16874A115571047.en.
  80. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Randrianambinina, B.; Randriatahina, G.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Wilmet, L.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Volampeno, S.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Phaner parienti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16873A115570887. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16873A115570887.en.
  81. ^ a b Boucher, Elizabeth (2007). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  82. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Sefczek, T. M.; Randimbiharinirina, D. R.; Raharivololona, B.; Rakotondrazandry, J. N.; Manjary, D.; Aylward, M.; Ravelomandrato, F. (2020). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6302A115560793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6302A115560793.en.
  83. ^ a b c d Andriantompohavana, R.; Lei, R.; Zaonarivelo, J. R.; Engberg, S. E.; Nalanirina, G.; McGuire, S. M.; Shore, G. D.; Andrianasolo, J.; Herrington, K.; Brenneman, R. A.; Louis, E. E. Jr. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
  84. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Avahi cleesei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136335A115582253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136335A115582253.en.
  85. ^ Elster, Eli (June 2023). "Bemaraka Wooly Lemur, Avahi cleesei". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  86. ^ a b Eppley, T. M.; Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136767A115585814. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136767A115585814.en.
  87. ^ a b Ehler, Pam (2002). "Avahi laniger". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  88. ^ a b Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi laniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2434A115559557. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T2434A115559557.en.
  89. ^ a b c d Lei, R.; Engberg, S. E.; Andriantompohavana, R.; McGuire, S. M.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Zaonarivelo, J. R.; Brenneman, R. A.; Louis Jr., E. E. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
  90. ^ a b c Eppley, T. M.; Borgerson, C.; Sawyer, R. M.; Fenosoa, Z. S. E. (2020). "Avahi mooreorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971566A115588141. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971566A115588141.en.
  91. ^ Esp, Dana (September 2023). "Peyrieras' Wooly Lemur, Avahi peyrierasi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  92. ^ a b c Eppley, T. M.; Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi peyrierasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136285A115581938. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136285A115581938.en.
  93. ^ a b Eppley, T. M.; Patel, E.; Andriamisedra, T. R.; Ranaivoarisoa, F. N.; Peterson, C. R.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Louis, E. E. (2020). "Avahi ramanantsoavanai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136434A115583017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136434A115583017.en.
  94. ^ Garbutt, p. 180
  95. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Avahi unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41579A115579946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41579A115579946.en.
  96. ^ a b c Donati, G.; Balestri, M.; Campera, M.; Norscia, I.; Ravoahangy, A. (2020). "Avahi meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136369A115582568. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136369A115582568.en.
  97. ^ a b Yu, Andrew (2013). "Avahi occidentalis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  98. ^ a b Eppley, T. M.; Patel, E.; Steffens, T. S. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Avahi occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2435A182234286. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T2435A182234286.en.
  99. ^ a b Lundrigan, Barbara; Katopol, Crystal (2000). "Indri indri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  100. ^ a b King, T.; Dolch, R.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Randrianarimanana, L.; Ravaloharimanitra, M. (2020). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10826A115565566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10826A115565566.en.
  101. ^ Starr, Eric (April 2018). "Coquerel's Sifika, Propithecus coquereli". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  102. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; King, T.; Radespiel, U.; Frasier, C. L. (2020). "Propithecus coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18355A115572275. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18355A115572275.en.
  103. ^ Oldenkamp, Ricki (2011). "Propithecus coquereli". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  104. ^ Quinlan, K. Clare (September 2019). "Crowned Sifika, Propithecus coronatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  105. ^ a b c Razafindramanana, J.; Salmona, J.; King, T.; Roullet, D.; Eppley, T. M.; Sgarlata, G. M.; Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Propithecus coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18356A115572495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18356A115572495.en.
  106. ^ a b Strunin, Jonathan (2000). "Propithecus diadema". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  107. ^ a b Irwin, M. (2020). "Propithecus diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18358A115572884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18358A115572884.en.
  108. ^ a b Raynor, Shelley (2000). "Propithecus tattersalli". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  109. ^ a b Semel, B.; Semel, M.; Salmona, J.; Heriniaina, R. (2020). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18352A115571806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18352A115571806.en.
  110. ^ a b Negron, Lorraine; Weber, Robin (2009). "Propithecus edwardsi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  111. ^ a b Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Andrianoely, D.; Donohue, M. E.; Otero-Jiménez, B. J. (2020). "Propithecus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18359A115573104. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18359A115573104.en.
  112. ^ a b Gaudreau, Rose (2009). "Propithecus perrieri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  113. ^ a b Heriniaina, R.; Hosnah, H. B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18361A115573556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en.
  114. ^ a b Correa, Maria (2013). "Propithecus candidus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  115. ^ a b Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18360A115573359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en.
  116. ^ a b Freund, Kristi (2011). "Propithecus verreauxi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  117. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Sefczek, T. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Lewis, R.; Rakotomalala, E. J. (2020). "Propithecus verreauxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18354A115572044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18354A115572044.en.
  118. ^ Lussier, Zachary (March 2020). "Von der Deckens' Sifika, Propithecus deckenii". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  119. ^ a b c King, T.; Rakotonirina, L. (2020). "Propithecus deckenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18357A115572684. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18357A115572684.en.
  120. ^ a b Gravatt, Lauren (2019). "Eulemur macaco". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  121. ^ a b Andriantsimanarilafy, R. R.; Borgerson, C.; Clarke, T.; Colquhoun, I. C.; Cotton, A.; Donati, G.; Eppley, T. M.; Heriniaina, R.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Patel, E.; Ralainasolo, F. B.; Randrianasolo, H.; Randriatahina, G.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Razafindramanana, J.; Schwitzer, C.; Stone, E.; Volampeno, S.; Wright, P. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur macaco". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8212A182235113. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8212A182235113.en.
  122. ^ Garbutt, p. 168
  123. ^ a b c Volampeno, S.; Randriatahina, G.; Schwitzer, C.; Seiler, M. (2020). "Eulemur flavifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8211A115563094. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8211A115563094.en.
  124. ^ Garbutt, p. 164
  125. ^ a b c Donati, G.; Balestri, M.; Campera, M.; Hyde Roberts, S.; Račevska, E.; Ramanamanjato, J.-B.; Ravoahangy, A. (2020). "Eulemur collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8206A115562262. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8206A115562262.en.
  126. ^ Abrams, Sylvie (January 2021). "Common Brown Lemur, Eulemur fulvus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  127. ^ a b Irwin, M.; King, T. (2020). "Eulemur fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8207A115562499. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8207A115562499.en.
  128. ^ Bharti, Nita (2000). "Eulemur fulvus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  129. ^ a b Suter, Maureen (2000). "Eulemur coronatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  130. ^ a b Reuter, K. E.; Eppley, T. M.; Hending, D.; Pacifici, M.; Semel, B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8199A182239524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8199A182239524.en.
  131. ^ a b Acuna, Jean Marie (2015). "Eulemur cinereiceps". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  132. ^ a b Johnson, S.; Andriamisedra, T. R.; Donohue, M. E.; Ralainasolo, F. B.; Birkinshaw, C.; Ludovic, R.; Ratsimbazafy, J. (2020). "Eulemur cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8205A115562060. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8205A115562060.en.
  133. ^ a b Roycewicz, Jolaine (2001). "Eulemur mongoz". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  134. ^ a b Razafindramanana, J.; Eppley, T. M.; Rakotondrabe, R.; Roullet, D.; Irwin, M.; King, T. (2020). "Eulemur mongoz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8202A115561431. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8202A115561431.en.
  135. ^ a b Peisl, Amelie (2012). "Eulemur rufus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  136. ^ a b Razafindramanana, J.; Eppley, T. M.; Rakotondrabe, R.; Rakotoarisoa, A. A.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; King, T. (2020). "Eulemur rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8209A115562696. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8209A115562696.en.
  137. ^ a b Zenner, Alexis (2002). "Eulemur rubriventer". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  138. ^ a b Irwin, M.; King, T.; Ravoloharimanitra, M.; Razafindramanana, J.; Tecot, S. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur rubriventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T8203A189740044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T8203A189740044.en.
  139. ^ a b Botting, Jennifer (March 2021). "Red-Fronted Lemur, Eulemur rufifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  140. ^ a b Johnson, S.; Narváez-Torres, P. R.; Holmes, S. M.; Wyman, T. M.; Louis, E. E.; Wright, P. (2020). "Eulemur rufifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136269A115581600. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136269A115581600.en.
  141. ^ Garbutt, p. 156
  142. ^ a b c Chikhi, L.; Le Pors, B.; Louis, E. E.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Ralainasolo, F. B.; Ralison, J.; Randrianambinina, B.; Randriatahina, G.; Rasamimananana, H.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Ratelolahy, F.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Volampeno, S.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8210A182235685. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8210A182235685.en.
  143. ^ Downey, Kathleen (February 2023). "White-Fronted Lemur, Eulemur albifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  144. ^ a b c Borgerson, C.; Eppley, T. M.; Donati, G.; Colquhoun, I. C.; Irwin, M.; Johnson, S.; Louis, E. E.; Patel, E.; Ralainasolo, F. B.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Razafindramanana, J.; Volampeno, S.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8204A182121438. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8204A182121438.en.
  145. ^ a b Burnie; Wilson, p. 138
  146. ^ a b Irwin, M.; Frasier, C. L.; Louis, E. E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9673A115564580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9673A115564580.en.
  147. ^ Hibbs, John (2011). "Hapalemur griseus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  148. ^ a b Kowalsky, Dana (2014). "Hapalemur aureus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  149. ^ a b Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Donohue, M. E.; Andrianoely, D.; Otero-Jiménez, B. J.; Lauterbur, M. E. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9672A115564398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en.
  150. ^ Quinlan, K. Clare (February 2022). "Lac Alaotra Gentle Lemur, Hapalemur alaotrensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  151. ^ a b c Ralainasolo, F. B.; Raveloarimalala, M. L.; Randrianasolo, H.; Heriniaina, R.; Clarke, T.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Volampeno, S.; Donati, G.; Razafindramanana, J.; Andriantsimanarilafy, R. R.; Randriatahina, G.; Irwin, M.; Eppley, T. M.; Borgerson, C. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9676A182236363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en.
  152. ^ Garbutt, p. 140
  153. ^ a b c Donati, G.; Balestri, M.; Campera, M.; Eppley, T. M. (2020). "Hapalemur meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136384A115582831. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136384A115582831.en.
  154. ^ Garbutt, p. 139
  155. ^ a b c Eppley, T. M.; Razafindramanana, J.; Borgerson, C.; Patel, E.; Louis, E. E. (2020). "Hapalemur occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9678A115565375. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9678A115565375.en.
  156. ^ a b Baumhofer, Emma (2017). "Lemur catta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  157. ^ a b LaFleur, M.; Gould, L. (2020). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11496A115565760. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11496A115565760.en.
  158. ^ a b Hoving, Melissa (2011). "Prolemur simus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  159. ^ a b Ravaloharimanitra, M.; King, T.; Wright, P.; Raharivololona, B.; Ramaherison, R. P.; Louis, E. E.; Frasier, C. L.; Dolch, R.; Roullet, D.; Razafindramanana, J.; Volampeno, S.; Randriahaingo, H. N. T.; Randrianarimanana, L.; Borgerson, C.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9674A115564770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en.
  160. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; King, T.; Morelli, T. L.; Baden, A. (2020). "Varecia variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22918A115574178. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22918A115574178.en.
  161. ^ Hale, Meg (2019). "Varecia variegata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  162. ^ a b Frailey, Kerstin (2008). "Varecia rubra". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  163. ^ a b Borgerson, C.; Eppley, T. M.; Patel, E.; Johnson, S.; Louis, E. E.; Razafindramanana, J. (2020). "Varecia rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22920A115574598. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22920A115574598.en.
  164. ^ Garbutt, p. 130
  165. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur aeeclis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136376A115582704. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136376A115582704.en.
  166. ^ Garbutt, p. 131
  167. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Lepilemur ahmansoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136843A196465915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136843A196465915.en.
  168. ^ DiCesare, Maria (November 2022). "Ankarana Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ankaranensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  169. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136731A115585357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136731A115585357.en.
  170. ^ a b Burnie; Wilson, p. 139
  171. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Rakotoarisoa, G.; Randrianambinina, B.; Randriatahina, G.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Ratelolahy, F.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Réné De Roland, L. A.; Volampeno, S.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Lepilemur betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136662A115584379. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136662A115584379.en.
  172. ^ Garbutt, p. 122
  173. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Salmona, J. (2020). "Lepilemur milanoii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136609A115583605. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136609A115583605.en.
  174. ^ Garbutt, p. 120
  175. ^ a b c Donati, G.; Balestri, M.; Campera, M.; Ravoahangy, A.; Louis, E. E. (2020). "Lepilemur fleuretae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136263A115581448. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136263A115581448.en.
  176. ^ a b Abrams, Sylvie (December 2021). "Gray-Backed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur dorsalis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  177. ^ a b Louis Jr, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Roos, C. (2022). "Lepilemur dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210368667A210368927. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210368667A210368927.en.
  178. ^ Garbutt, p. 128
  179. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Radespiel, U. (2020). "Lepilemur grewcockorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136771A115585939. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136771A115585939.en.
  180. ^ Garbutt, p. 126
  181. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Wilmet, L.; Roos, C. (2020). "Lepilemur tymerlachsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136709A115585199. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136709A115585199.en.
  182. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Borgerson, C.; Golden, C. (2020). "Lepilemur hollandorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971489A115587841. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971489A115587841.en.
  183. ^ a b Garbutt, p. 134
  184. ^ a b c LaFleur, M.; Bornbusch, S. (2020). "Lepilemur hubbardorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136761A115585671. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136761A115585671.en.
  185. ^ Garbutt, p. 118
  186. ^ a b Andriamisedra, T. R.; Ranaivoarisoa, F. N.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Louis, E. E. (2020). "Lepilemur jamesorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136491A115583306. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136491A115583306.en.
  187. ^ a b Osterman, Julia (2012). "Lepilemur edwardsi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  188. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Borgerson, C. (2020). "Lepilemur edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11617A115566145. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11617A115566145.en.
  189. ^ a b Benson, Mike (2006). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  190. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Frasier, C. L.; Sefczek, T. M.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Andriajaona, A.; Rasoamazava, L.; Rakotomalala, V. F.; Dinsmore, M. (2020). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11622A115567059. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11622A115567059.en.
  191. ^ a b Radespiel, U.; Rakotondravony, R.; Randrianambinina, B.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur otto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136796A115586218. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136796A115586218.en.
  192. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Sefczek, T. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur petteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136677A115584740. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136677A115584740.en.
  193. ^ a b Downey, Kathleen (October 2021). "Randrianasolo's Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur randrianasoloi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  194. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur randrianasoloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136254A115581313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136254A115581313.en.
  195. ^ DiCesare, Maria (April 2023). "Red-Tailed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ruficaudatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  196. ^ a b c Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Frasier, C. L.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Wilmet, L.; Lewis, R.; Rakotomalala, D. (2020). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11621A115566869. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11621A115566869.en.
  197. ^ Botting, Jennifer (October 2020). "Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur sahamalaza". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  198. ^ a b c Randriatahina, G.; Mandl, I.; Rabemananjara, N.; Seiler, M.; Hending, D.; Schwitzer, C.; Volampeno, S. (2020). "Lepilemur sahamalaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136645A115584072. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136645A115584072.en.
  199. ^ a b c Eppley, T. M.; Borgerson, C.; Sawyer, R. M.; Fenosoa, Z. S. E. (2020). "Lepilemur scottorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971518A115587981. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971518A115587981.en.
  200. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; Bailey, C. A.; Raharivololona, B.; Schwitzer, C.; Wilmet, L.; Borgerson, C.; Golden, C. (2020). "Lepilemur seali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136707A115585037. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136707A115585037.en.
  201. ^ Covert, Tara (September 2019). "Small-Toothed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur microdon". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  202. ^ a b c Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Andrianoely, D.; Donohue, M. E. (2020). "Lepilemur microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11619A115566492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11619A115566492.en.
  203. ^ a b Schreffler, Christina (2000). "Lepilemur mustelinus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  204. ^ a b LaFleur, M. (2022). "Lepilemur mustelinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T11620A207130315. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T11620A207130315.en.
  205. ^ a b Reynolds, Lorien (2005). "Lepilemur leucopus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  206. ^ a b Eppley, T. M.; Ferguson, B.; Louis, E. E.; Rakotondranary, S. J.; Ganzhorn, J. (2020). "Lepilemur leucopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11618A115566334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11618A115566334.en.
  207. ^ a b c Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Andrianoely, D.; Donohue, M. E. (2020). "Lepilemur wrightae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136311A115582103. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136311A115582103.en.
  208. ^ Mittermeier, p. 23
  209. ^ a b c d e f g Mittermeier, pp. 44–46
  210. ^ a b c d e f g Nowak, pp. 89–91
  211. ^ William L. Jungers; Laurie R. Godfrey; Elwyn L. Simons & Prithijit S. Chatrath (28 October 1997). "Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae)". PNAS. 94 (22): 11998–12001. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9411998J. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998. PMC 23681. PMID 11038588.
  212. ^ a b c Mittermeier, p. 43
  213. ^ a b c Nowak, pp. 91–92
  214. ^ Mittermeier, p. 50
  215. ^ Nowak, p. 92
  216. ^ a b c Mittermeier, pp. 46–49
  217. ^ a b c Nowak, p. 83
  218. ^ a b Godfrey; Jungers; Burney, pp. 354, 361

Sources

[edit]