List of people from Passaic, New Jersey
The following list includes notable people who were born or have lived in Passaic, New Jersey. For a similar list organized alphabetically by last name, see the category page People from Passaic, New Jersey.
- Rita Deanin Abbey (1930–2021), multidisciplinary abstract artist who was among the first art professors at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas[1]
- Mitch Albom (born 1958), sports journalist and author of Tuesdays With Morrie[2]
- Brant Alyea (1940–2024), former MLB outfielder, who played with four different teams from 1965 to 1972, and is one of nine players to hit a home run on his first MLB pitch[3]
- Ronnie Ash (born 1988), track and field athlete specializing in hurdles who was selected as part of the U.S. team at the 2016 Summer Olympics[4]
- John Barbata (born 1945), drummer for The Turtles[5]
- William J. Bate (1934–2011), politician who served as a state senator, assemblyman, and judge[6]
- Joan Berger (1933–2021), former infielder and outfielder who played from 1951 through 1954 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League[7]
- Peg Blitch (1934–2021), politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives and Georgia State Senate[8]
- Ernest Blood (1872–1955), high school and college men's basketball coach who was best known for his "Wonder Teams" at Passaic High School, which lost only one game in the span of a decade and set an American high school record for most consecutive victories[9]
- Warren Bogle (born 1946), former Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in 16 games played for the Oakland Athletics during the 1968 season[10]
- Terrence Boyle (born 1945), judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina[11]
- George Breeman (1880–1937), sailor and Medal of Honor recipient[12]
- Herbert Brucker (1898–1977), journalist, teacher, and national advocate for the freedom of the press, who served as editor-in-chief of the Hartford Courant[13]
- Bob Butterworth (born 1942), former Florida Attorney General[14]
- Jim Castiglia (1918–2007), football fullback who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and Philadelphia Eagles[15]
- Arthur K. Cebrowski (1942–2005), United States Navy admiral and senior U.S. Department of Defense official[16]
- Morris Cerullo (1931–2020), Pentecostal televangelist[17]
- Robert L. Clifford (1924–2014), associate justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court[18]
- Alan N. Cohen (1930–2004), former co-owner of the Boston Celtics and the New Jersey Nets[19]
- T. Zachary Cotler (born 1981), poet and novelist[20]
- Howard Crook (born 1947), opera singer, tenor[21]
- Edwin Decena, music video and independent film director[22]
- Mark DeRosa (born 1975), Major League Baseball infielder[23]
- Beatie Deutsch (née Rabin; born 1989), ultra-Orthodox Jewish American-Israeli marathon runner[24]
- Joel Diamond, record producer[25]
- Paul DiGaetano (born 1953), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 36th Legislative District from 1992 to 2006 and again from 1986 to 1987[26]
- Dow H. Drukker (1872–1963), represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district from 1914 to 1919[27]
- Evelyn Dubrow (1911–2006), lobbyist and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient[28]
- Peter Enns (born 1961), Bible scholar[29]
- Charles Evered (born 1964), playwright[30]
- Donald Fagen (born 1948), musician and co-founder of Steely Dan[31]
- George Feifer (1934–2019), journalist, novelist, and historian, known for his autobiographical novels chronicling life in the Soviet Union[32]
- Amod Field (born 1967), former wide receiver who played for the Phoenix Cardinals of the National Football League[33]
- Jack Fina (1913–1970), pianist and orchestra leader known as "The ten most talented fingers on radio"[34]
- Dorothy Fuldheim (1893–1989), journalist and anchor best known for her work for The Cleveland Press and WEWS-TV[35]
- Joel Gersmann (1942–2005), experimental theatre playwright[36]
- Ralph Giacomarro (born 1961), former American football punter who played in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons and Denver Broncos[37]
- Paul Goldberger (born 1950), Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic[38]
- Rafe Gomez (born c. 1962), business writer, sales support consultant, lecturer, music producer and DJ[39]
- Thaddeus Gromada (born 1929), Polish-American historian[40]
- Hezekiah Griggs (born 1988), entrepreneur, philanthropist, and investor who became the youngest African-American venture capitalist when he founded H360 Capital in 2011[41]
- David Grisman (born 1945), bluegrass musician and former member of Old & In the Way with Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead[42]
- Diane Guerrero (born 1986), actress known for her roles as inmate Maritza Ramos in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and Lina on Jane the Virgin[43]
- Reed Gusciora (born 1960), mayor of Trenton, New Jersey and former minority leader of the New Jersey General Assembly[44]
- Beth Gylys (born 1964), poet and professor[45]
- Helen Lee Gruehl (1902–1983), immunologist[46]
- Steve Hamas (1907–1974), professional football player in the National Football League who turned to professional boxing, defeating former heavyweight champions Tommy Loughran and Max Schmelling[47]
- Art Harris (1949–1970), running back who was involved in the 1970 Marshall football team plane crash that killed everyone on board[48]
- Andrew R. Heinze (born 1955), playwright, non-fiction author, and scholar of American history[49]
- Robert Helps (1928–2001), pianist and composer[50]
- Craig Heyward (1966–2006), National Football League running back[51]
- David Hirsch (born 1969), rabbi and rosh yeshiva at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University[52]
- Dennis Johnson (born 1951), former NFL defensive tackle[53]
- Gianfranco Iannotta (born 1994), track and field athlete who won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics[54]
- Mike Jorgensen (born 1948), former Major League Baseball player[55]
- Lewis Kaplan (born 1933), violinist[56]
- Ilona Murai Kerman (1923/1924–2020), dancer[57]
- Keith Kidwell (born 1961), member of the North Carolina House of Representatives since 2019, where he has represented the 79th district[58]
- Fritz Knothe (1903–1963), former Major League Baseball player and member of "Wonder Team"[59]
- Barbara L'Italien (born 1961), politician who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2003 to 2011[60]
- Paul J. Lioy (1947–2015), specialist in the field of environmental health and specializing in exposure science who analyzed the effects of dust in the wake of the collapse of the World Trade Center after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks[61]
- Alex Lovy (1913–1992), animator and director who spent the majority of his career at Walter Lantz Productions[62]
- Fred R. Low (1860–1936), mechanical engineer, long-time editor of the journal Power, and an international figure in journalism and engineering who served as mayor of Passaic in 1908–1909[63]
- Ray Malavasi (1930–1987), former National Football League head coach[64]
- William J. Martini (born 1947), former Republican Congressman[65]
- Joe McHale (born 1963), former American football linebacker who played in the NFL for the New England Patriots[66]
- Mary Meriam (born 1955), poet and editor, who is a founding editor of Headmistress Press, one of the few presses in the United States specializing in lesbian poetry[67]
- Da'Mon Merkerson (born 1989), football cornerback who is a two-time Arena Football League ArenaBowl winner with the Arizona Rattlers[68]
- Larry Mialik (born 1950), former National Football League player[69]
- Nick Mike-Mayer (born 1950), football placekicker who played in the NFL for the Atlanta Falcons, Philadelphia Eagles and the Buffalo Bills[70]
- Ron Mikolajczyk (born 1950), retired professional American football offensive lineman and retired professional wrestler, who played in the NFL for the New York Giants[71]
- Bill Mokray (1907–1974), basketball historian and statistician enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1965 as a contributor to the sport[72]
- Jack Mulhall (1887–1979), silent film and talkie actor[73]
- Nairo (born 1996), former professional Super Smash Bros. player[74]
- Lester Novros (1909–2000), artist, animator and teacher[75]
- Arthur Melvin Okun (1928–1980), economist who served as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers between 1968 and 1969[76]
- Emil Olszowy (1921–1980), politician who served for four years in the New Jersey General Assembly where he represented the 34th Legislative District[77]
- Tom Papa (born 1968), comedian, actor, writer and television/radio host[78]
- Morris Pashman (1912–1999), New Jersey Supreme Court Justice, mayor of Passaic from 1951 to 1955[79]
- Millie Perkins (born 1938), actress, best known for her lead role in the film The Diary of Anne Frank[80]
- Jason Perry (born 1976), former safety in the NFL from 1999 to 2002[81]
- Eleanore Pettersen (1916–2003), one of the first female architects in New Jersey[82]
- Joe Piscopo (born 1951), comedian and actor[83]
- Gerry Polci, drummer and singer with Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons[84]
- Michael J. Pollard (1939–2019), actor, Academy Award nominee for film Bonnie and Clyde[85]
- Gerald J. Popek (1946–2008), computer scientist, known for his research on operating systems and virtualization[86]
- Stuart Rabner (born 1960), Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court[87]
- Pamela Radcliff (born 1956), historian and professor at the University of California at San Diego and an authority on the history of modern Spain[88]
- Frankie Randall (1938–2014), musician, singer and actor[89]
- Joseph Rankin (1833–1886), U.S. Representative from Wisconsin[90]
- Ralph Rinzler (1934–1994), folk musician and folklorist[91]
- John Roosma (1900–1983), captain of Ernest Blood's "Wonder Teams" who became the first college player to total 1,000 points for his career while at the United States Military Academy[92]
- William A. Roosma (1935–2011), U.S. Army major general[93]
- Alan Rosenberg (born 1951), Emmy Award-winning actor and activist, Screen Actors Guild President (2005–2009)[94]
- Mark Rosenberg (c. 1948–1992), film producer[95]
- Paul Rudd (born 1969), actor[96]
- Carl Ruiz (1975–2019), restaurant owner and celebrity chef, best known as a judge on various cooking competition shows on the Food Network[97]
- Bob Russell (1908–1998), entertainer[98]
- Bob Russell (1914–1970), Hall of Fame songwriter[99]
- C. Gus Rys (c. 1912–1980), politician who was mayor of Fair Lawn and served three terms in the New Jersey General Assembly[100]
- Nick Sakiewicz (born 1961), soccer executive[101]
- James Salter (1925–2015), author[102]
- Zoe Saldana (born 1978), actress who has appeared in films Avatar and Guardians of the Galaxy[103]
- Víctor Santos (born 1976), Cincinnati Reds pitcher[104]
- Albert Schatz (1920–2005), co-discoverer of streptomycin, 1943[105]
- Elroy Schwartz (1923–2013), television screenwriter[106]
- Sherwood Schwartz (1916–2011), TV producer, best known for creating Gilligan's Island and The Brady Bunch[96]
- William Winfield Scott (1855–1935), lawyer who served as Passaic's official historian[107]
- James P. Shenton (1925–2003), historian of nineteenth-and twentieth-century America and professor at Columbia University[108]
- The Shirelles, musicians[109]
- Rich Skrosky (born 1964), football coach[110]
- Robert Smithson (1938–1973), artist best known for Spiral Jetty[111] Wrote about his home city in "The Monuments of Passaic."[112]
- Edith E. Sproul (1907–1999), pathologist whose work with Dr. Georgios Papanikolaou led to the development of the pap smear test for cervical cancer[113]
- Mark Stevens (born 1962), former professional football quarterback who played in the CFL for the Montreal Concordes / Alouettes and the NFL for the San Francisco 49ers[114]
- Thomas Stockham (1933–2004), scientist who developed one of the first practical digital audio recording systems, and pioneered techniques for digital audio recording and processing[115]
- Tyronne Stowe (born 1965), former NFL linebacker[116]
- Marcia Strassman (1948–2014), actress best known for her role in the television series Welcome Back, Kotter[117]
- Loretta Swit (born 1937), actress, best known for her role in the television series M*A*S*H[83]
- Danny Szetela (born 1987), Major League Soccer player[118]
- Dave Szott (born 1967), National Football League player and coach[119]
- Jack Tatum (1948–2010), safety who played ten seasons in the NFL for the Oakland Raiders and Houston Oilers[120]
- Ösel Tendzin (1943–1990), Tibetan Buddhist scholar[121][122]
- Alvin Tresselt (1916–2000), author of children's books and editor of Humpty Dumpty magazine[123]
- Paul L. Troast (1894–1972), building contractor, chairman of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority during its construction, and one-time failed gubernatorial candidate in 1953[124]
- Rahshon Turner (born 1975), former professional basketball player[125]
- Franklin Stuart Van Antwerpen (1941–2016), judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit[126]
- Dick Vitale (born 1939), basketball coach and television sportscaster[127]
- Liza Weil (born 1977), actress best known for roles in Gilmore Girls and How to Get Away with Murder[128]
- Perry Williams (born 1961), former cornerback for the New York Giants[129]
- Darrin Winston (1966–2008), Major League Baseball player who played two seasons for the Philadelphia Phillies[130]
- Saul Zaentz (1921–2014), film producer[131]
- Frankie Zak (1922–1972), Major League Baseball player who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates[132][133]
References
[edit]- ^ Przybys, John. "Artist and longtime UNLV professor Rita Deanin Abbey dies",Las Vegas Review-Journal, March 29, 2021. Accessed December 26, 2022. "Abbey was born in Passaic, New Jersey, to Russian and Polish Jewish immigrants Joseph and Frieda Deanin."
- ^ Meet the Writers: Mitch AlbomArchived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Barnes & Noble. Accessed December 19, 2006.
- ^ O'Reilly, Charlie. Brant Alyea, Society for American Baseball Research. Accessed October 29, 2017. "Garrabrant Ryerson Alyea IV, a free-swinging right-handed batter and one of just nine players to hit a home run on the first pitch he saw in the major leagues, was born on December 8, 1940, in Passaic, New Jersey, to a family of Dutch heritage that had been in the northern New Jersey area since the 17th century.
- ^ Ronnie Ash, United States Olympic Committee. Accessed August 10, 2016. "Birthplace: Passaic, N.J.; Hometown: Passaic, N.J."
- ^ Tamarkin, Jeff. Got a revolution!: the turbulent flight of Jefferson Airplane, p. 253. Simon & Schuster, 2003. ISBN 0-671-03403-0. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1945, Barbata had been the drummer for the Turtles, the enormously successful folk/pop-rock group whose many hits included the classic 'Happy Together.'"
- ^ "Obituary: William J. Bate", The Star-Ledger, February 4, 2011. Accessed September 16, 2015. "Born in Passaic, N.J., Bill was a lifelong Clifton resident.
- ^ Joan Berger, NJSports.com. Accessed June 25, 2022. "Joan Berger was born October 9, 1933 in Passaic."
- ^ "Margaret H. Blitch", The Valdosta Daily Times, February 11, 2021. Accessed May 5, 2022. "Peg was born July 28, 1934 in Passaic, New Jersey, she was the daughter of Francis Hyacinth Herold and Marian Alda Burrows."
- ^ Staff. "Ernest A. Blood, Veteran Coach, 82 Mentor of Passaic, N. J., High Basketball Team That Won 159 Games in Row Is Dead", The New York Times, February 7, 1955. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Mr. Blood played the game in the days when peach baskets were used as goals. He had coached until his retirement four years ago. He moved here from Passaic, N. J."
- ^ Warren Bogle, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed May 10, 2015.
- ^ "Class Of 1970 Profile On Alumni – The Honorable Terrence Boyle" Archived January 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Reunion Times, American University Washington College of Law, Summer 2005. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Terrence Boyle was born and raised in Passaic, New Jersey."
- ^ A site dedicated to George Breeman and the USS Breeman (DE-104), accessed December 19, 2006.
- ^ Staff. "Aide Named for Ackerman", Columbia Spectator, Volume LV, Number 62, January 6, 1932. Accessed November 6, 2017. "Mr. Brucker, who has traveled extensively in Europe and served on the staffs of several papers and magazines in this country, is a native of Passaic, N. J., where he was born Oct. 4, 1898. He prepared for college at the Morristown School and the East Orange High School."
- ^ "Florida attorney general winds up in spotlight" Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Court TV, November 14, 2000. Accessed May 13, 2007. "A native of Passaic, N.J., Butterworth was particularly invincible in his 1998 re-election effort after playing a key role with former Gov. Lawton Chiles in helping Florida secure a $13 billion settlement with tobacco companies."
- ^ Players Jim Castiglia, NFL.com. Accessed May 10, 2015.
- ^ Singer, Jeremy. "Military Transformation Pioneer Arthur Cebrowski Dies at 63"Archived May 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Space News, November 21, 2005. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Cebrowski, a native of Passaic, N.J., graduated from Villanova University in Pennsylvania in 1964, and entered the Navy that same year."
- ^ Sylvester, Ed. "Sale of El Cortez Hotel to Evangelist Group Imminent: Morris Cerullo Organization to Announce Today That It Is Buying 51-Year-Old Downtown Hostelry Sale Of Hotel", Los Angeles Times, June 16, 1978. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Born of Italian-Jewish parentage and raised in the Orthodox Daughters of Miriam orphanage in Passaic, N.J...."
- ^ Johnson, Brent. "Former N.J. Supreme Court Justice Robert Clifford dies at 89", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 1, 2014. Accessed September 16, 2015. "Clifford was born in Passaic in 1924 and served in the Navy during World War II."
- ^ "Sports exec also had stake in Nets, MSG", ESPN.com, August 11, 2004. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Cohen was born in Passaic, N.J., on December 19, 1930."
- ^ "Aspiring Poets Win $15 000 Scholarships", bar none group, September 2, 2011. Accessed May 10, 2015. "T. Zachary Cotler was born in Passaic, New Jersey."
- ^ Howard Crook, bach-cantatas.com. Accessed September 16, 2015.
- ^ AboutArchived March 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Edwin Decena. Accessed May 10, 2015. "Born and raised in Passaic New Jersey, Edwin Decena was heavily influenced by hip hop culture."
- ^ Mark DeRosa player profile, Yahoo Sports. Accessed December 19, 2006.
- ^ Halickman, Joshua. "Bracha 'Beatie' Deutsch is beating odds, running down the competition Since Deutsch’s first marathon she has run three more, one of which when she was seven months pregnant.", The Jerusalem Post, January 31, 2019. Accessed December 25, 2019. "'If I hadn’t begun running three years ago I would have never discovered that I had this gift and reach these huge goals,' Bracha 'Beatie' Deutsch, Israel’s running sensation exclaimed to The Jerusalem Post. The Passaic, New Jersey, native is in the midst of preparing for her fifth marathon, which will take place in Tel Aviv later in February."
- ^ Biography, Joel Diamond. Accessed October 2, 2016. "Joel was born and grew up in Passaic, NJ, and graduated from Rider College in Trenton, earning a BA Degree in business and psychology."
- ^ Sullivan, Joseph F. "Passaic Mayor Pleads Not Guilty to Charges of Extortion", The New York Times, March 25, 1992. Accessed May 10, 2015. "Paul DiGaetano, who is president of the Passaic City Council and a member of the General Assembly, said Mr. Lipari should step down as mayor while he fights the charges against him."
- ^ Dow Henry Drukker, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
- ^ "Garment Workers Lobbyist Dubrow Dies", San Francisco Chronicle, June 21, 2006.
- ^ Pete Enns, Ph.D.Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, University of Colorado Boulder. Accessed April 8, 2013.
- ^ Stratton, Jean. "Playwright Charles Evered Enjoys Princeton's Community of Culture", Town Topics, November 8, 2006. Accessed November 1, 2008.
- ^ Robbins, Ira. "At long last, Fagen puts the 'Cat' out; Steely Dan founder releases first solo album in 13 years", Newsday, March 1, 2006. Accessed September 8, 2007. ""Working in the off portions of Steely Dan's four decades of on-and-off-again existence, the Grammy-winning singer-keyboardist from Passaic, N.J., has come up with three albums in 24 years..."
- ^ Smith, Harrison. "George Feifer, journalist and author who chronicled the Soviet Union, dies at 85", The Washington Post, November 18, 2019. Accessed January 6, 2022. "George Feifer was born in Paterson, N.J., on Sept. 8, 1934, and raised in Manhattan. His father owned a slipper factory, and after his parents divorced he lived with his mother in Passaic, N.J., where he was editor of his high school paper."
- ^ Amod Field Archived 2015-01-04 at the Wayback Machine, profootballarchives.com. Accessed January 3, 2015.
- ^ Clarke, Donald. The Penguin encyclopedia of popular music, p. 841. Penguin Books, 1998. Accessed August 6, 2013. "instrumental 'Piano Concerto In B Flat' on Tchaikovsky's most famous tune featuring pianist Jack Fina (b 13 Aug. '13, Passaic NJ. d 14 May '70: formed own band '46. recorded for Mercury. MGM; also composer)."
- ^ Seifullah, Alan A. A.; and Strassmeyer, Mary. "Dorothy Fuldheim, TV news legend: Life Stories Revisited", Cleveland Plain Dealer, November 4, 1989. Accessed May 10, 2015. "She was born Dorothy Snell in Passaic, N.J. Her German-born father loved the English language and took the child to courthouses to hear lawyers speak."
- ^ "Obituaries: Joel Gersmann", Madison.com, June 28, 2005. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Joel Gersmann, age 62, died at home of a heart attack on Friday, June 24, 2005.... After growing up in Passaic, N.J., he earned his bachelor's degree at Rutgers University, did graduate work at Adelphi and completed course work for a Ph.D. in theater at UW-Madison."
- ^ Ralph Giacomarro Stats, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed June 14, 2020. "Born: January 17, 1961 (Age: 59-149d) in Passaic, NJ... High School: Saddle Brook (NJ)"
- ^ Brennan, Elizabeth A.; and Clarage, Elizabeth C. "Who's who of Pulitzer Prize Winners", via Google Books, p. 87. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. ISBN 1-57356-111-8. Accessed December 10, 2008.
- ^ James, George. "Jerseyana; The Basement Tapes? Well, Not Quite", The New York Times, March 14, 2004. Accessed April 26, 2021. "'My name is Rafe Gomez, and you have officially entered the Groove Boutique, America's first and only smooth jazz mix show,' says the voice on New York City's WQCD-FM -- known as CD-101.9 -- late on a Saturday night.... As a teenager, he alternated between playing French horn in the Passaic High School Concert Band -- he was born and raised in Passaic -- and drums in a 12-piece jazz band made up of his buddies called the Funk Machine."
- ^ "Memorandum Of Information From Immigration And Naturalization Service Files Re Jozef Gromada Beneficiary Of Hr 12651", in United States Congressional Serial Set. Accessed March 30, 2021. "Mr. Thaddeus Gromada was born on July 30, 1929 at Passaic, N.J."
- ^ Staff. "Hezekiah Griggs, A Self-Made Man", WWOR, February 10, 2012. Accessed January 3, 2015. "Multi-millionaire Hezekiah Griggs the third sure isn't poor anymore! He won't say exactly how much he's worth, but tells us, 'On paper I look very promising. My future wife is gonna have to sign a pre-nup.' Does that sounds sassy for a 23 year old from Passaic who grew up fatherless, penniless, sometimes even homeless?"
- ^ Anderson, John. "Grisman's Eclectic Mandolin Returns", Newsday, September 20, 1996. Accessed January 28, 2011. "He's been making music since he was a teenager in Passaic, N.J., in the '60s, but the quintet has been an institution since 1976."
- ^ Jackson, Herb. "Passaic-born actress Diane Guerrero joins push for national Latino museum", The Record, June 15, 2017. Accessed March 17, 2024. "Born in Passaic, Guerrero was raised in Boston and was 14 when her parents were taken by immigration authorities and deported to Colombia."
- ^ Assembly Member Reed Gusciora, Project Vote Smart. Accessed November 22, 2007.
- ^ Walsh, William J. (editor) the Rock Umbrella: Contemporary American Poets, 1951–1977, p. 145. Mercer University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-88146-047-6. Accessed January 3, 2015 "Beth Gylys (b. 1964, Passaic, New Jersey) is currently an associate professor at Georgia State University."
- ^ "Miss Helen Gruehl Awarded Degree At Mount Holyoke", Passaic Daily News, June 12, 1924. Accessed June 7, 2024, via Newspapers.com. "A degree of bachelor of arts was awarded to Miss Helen Lee Gruehl, of Passaic, N. J., at the graduation of the largest class in the history of Mount Holyoke College this morning."
- ^ Steven Hamas, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed December 23, 2021. "Born: January 9, 1907 in Passaic, NJ"
- ^ "November 14, 1970 ... Remembered – Art Harris", Marshall University. Accessed January 3, 2015.
- ^ Merwin, Ted. "Parlor Room Drama", The Jewish Week, April 23, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2019. "In an interview, Heinze told The Jewish Week that he was born in Passaic and spent half of his childhood in a New Jersey development built by William Levitt, who built Levittown on Long Island, as well as in Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, and other places. 'People who didn’t have much money could afford [such developments],' he said. 'It made American life possible.'"
- ^ Kozinn, Allan. "Robert Helps, 73, Concert Pianist And a Wide-Ranging Composer", The New York Times, December 2, 2001. Accessed April 22, 2012. "Mr. Helps was born in Passaic, N.J., in 1928, and studied piano with Abby Whiteside and composition with Roger Sessions at the Juilliard School of Music."
- ^ "Heyward lived hard and died young", Taipei Times, May 30, 2006. Accessed January 3, 2015. "Heyward, a native of Passaic, New Jersey, gained his nickname from street football games."
- ^ Rabbi David Hirsch, YU Torah. Accessed February 7, 2022. "A native of Peoria, Illinois, he is married to Miriam Hirsch. They have five children and live in Passaic, NJ, where he is the rav of Kehilas Beis Yosef."
- ^ Dennis JohnsonArchived February 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, database Football. Accessed January 28, 2008.
- ^ Gianfranco Iannotta, Team USA. Accessed December 13, 2019. "Birthplace: Passaic, N.J. Hometown: Garfield, N.J. High School: Garfield High School (Garfield, N.J.) '12"
- ^ via Associated Press. "Gets Jorgensen's Vote: Singleton is a star in the Mets' future", Rome News-Tribune, August 30, 1970. Accessed January 13, 2011. "Jorgy is white and 22 (on Aug. 16), a native of Passaic, N.J."
- ^ Lewis Kaplan, Juilliard School. Accessed December 20, 2007.
- ^ Kerman, Christina. "Ballet, Broadway and TV Dancer Ilona Murai Dies, 96", Dance Magazine, April 21, 2020. Accessed December 16, 2020. "Ilona Murai (Kerman) died of COVID-19 and dementia on April 8 at the age of 96 at Parker Jewish in New Hyde Park, NY. Born Ellen Josephine Muray in Passaic, NJ, she changed her name to Ilona Murai when she started her career as a soloist for the Metropolitan Opera Ballet."
- ^ Staff. "NC House District 79: Keith Kidwell", Sun Journal, October 26, 2018. Accessed February 23, 2022. "Name on the ballot: Keith Kidwell; City of birth: Passaic"
- ^ Staff. "Braves Win In Passaic.; Defeat Neilleys, Semi-Pro Team, 7 to 6, Before 2,000.", The New York Times, June 13, 1933. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Because of a heavy downpour of rain a little more than an hour before game time, less than 2,000 fans turned out to pay homage to Passaic's only major league ball player, Fritz Knothe."
- ^ "Public Officers of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts", p. 164. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Born: Passaic, NJ, January 3, 1961"
- ^ Fox, Margalit. "Paul Lioy, Scientist Who Analyzed 9/11 Dust and Its Health Effects, Dies at 68", The New York Times, July 11, 2015. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Paul James Lioy was born on May 27, 1947, in Passaic, N.J. He earned a bachelor's degree in physics from Montclair State College, as it was then known, followed by a master's degree in the field from Auburn University in Alabama and master's and doctoral degrees in environmental science from Rutgers."
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff. Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-winning and Legendary Animators, p. 333. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006. ISBN 9781557836717. Accessed April 28, 2017. "Lovy, Alex b: September 2, 1913, Passaic, New Jersey; d: February 14, 1992, Valencia, California."
- ^ Staff. "F. R. Low, 75, Dies; Noted As Engineer; Editor of Magazine Power 42 Years Retired in 1930; Was Inventor and Author.", The New York Times January 23, 1936. Accessed September 11, 2017. "Frederick Rollins Low, editor emeritus of the engineering magazine Power and past president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, died today of myocarditis at his home, after an illness of four years. Mr. Low was a former Mayor of Passaic... Republican, Mr. Low was Councilman here in 1901-03, president of the City Council in 1905-06 and Mayor in 1908-09."
- ^ via Associated Press. "Ray Malavasi Is Dead; Former Coach of Rams", The New York Times, December 16, 1987. Accessed April 22, 2012. "Born in Passaic, N.J., Mr. Malavasi was a lineman for Army under Coach Earl (Red) Blaik and Vince Lombardi, an assistant coach."
- ^ William J. Martini, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed December 26, 2006.
- ^ Joe McHale, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed January 20, 2020. "Born: September 26, 1963 (Age: 56-116d) in Passaic, NJ... High School: Morris Catholic (NJ)"
- ^ Ager, Deborah; and Silverman, M. E. The Bloomsbury Anthology of Contemporary Jewish American Poetry, p. 150. Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2013. ISBN 9781441183040. Accessed December 26, 2017. "Mary Meriam - Born in Passaic, New Jersey in 1955, she has published essays, reviews, and poems appearing recently in The New York Times, Poetry Foundation, American Life in Poetry, Measure, Mezzo Cammin, Bridges, Light, Think, and Sentence."
- ^ Merkerson Syracuse Orange football. Accessed November 7, 2017. "Hometown: Passaic, NJ; High School: Saint Mary's"
- ^ Larry Mialik, Accessed November 28, 2010.
- ^ Rosenberg, I. J. "Whatever happened to: Nick Mike-Mayer", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, July 2, 2016. Accessed March 14, 2018. "His father was a star soccer player in Hungary before the country joined the Soviet bloc nation and he left for Italy. But the family wasn’t allowed to stay in Italy for long, having to choose between the United States and Sweden when Mike-Mayer was 14. The U.S. became the choice and he ended up at Passaic (N.J.) High School, where Oakland Raiders great Jack Tatum was three classes ahead of him."
- ^ Staff. "Giants Careful About Tangling With a 'Villain’'", The New York Times, September 16, 1976. Accessed March 14, 2018. "Arnsparger hopes he has a football hero Sunday, when Mikolajczyk may start at left guard on the wounded offensive line against the Eagles in Philadelphia. The Passaic, N.J., native arrived eight days ago, after a trade with the Oakland Raiders, with a reputation as one of the finest young linemen."
- ^ William G. "Bill" Mokray enshrined as a contributor in 1965 Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Basketball Hall of Fame. Accessed July 13, 2007. "Mokray's romance started while a student at Passaic High School during the era of the 'Passaic High School Wonder Teams.'"
- ^ Thomas, Dan. "Jack Mulhall Talked In Films Long Before 'Talkies' Day", The Pittsburgh Press, January 10, 1929. Accessed January 28, 2011. "While he was still a school boy, his family migrated to New York and later moved to Passaic, N.J. It was in Passaic that he started his stage career by playing boy parts in a stock company there."
- ^ Hice, Jessica. "Elite video gamers played on arena big screens at halftime of Kings game", The Sacramento Bee, March 25, 2017. Accessed April 19, 2023. "Nairo, originally from Passaic, New Jersey, is the third-ranked 'Super Smash Bros.' player in the world."
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff. Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-winning and Legendary Animators, p. 265. Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006. ISBN 9781557836717. Accessed April 28, 2017. "A native of Passaic, New Jersey, Novros grew up wanting to be a painter"
- ^ McComb, David G. Arthur Okun Oral History Interview I, 3/20/69, St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank. Accessed October 11, 2018. "I was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, on November 28, 1928. I was brought up most of my life in Passaic, New Jersey; went to public schools there and met my wife there."
- ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, 1978, p. 261. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1978. Accessed August 4, 2019. "Emil Olszowy, Rep., Passaic - Assemblyman Olszowy was born in Passaic, Oct. 18. 1921."
- ^ Roura, Phil. "Tom Papa enjoys his gig as host of Seinfeld-created show 'Marriage Ref,' but standup's not so bad", New York Daily News, February 20, 2011. Accessed June 24, 2015. "Born in Passaic, N.J., in 1972, and raised in Woodcliff Lake, he is a graduate of Rider University and now lives in the West Village with his wife and their two daughters —often preparing his bigger shows at the Comedy Cellar and the Gotham Comedy Club."
- ^ Honan, William H. "Morris Pashman, 87, Champion of Free Speech on New Jersey's Highest Court", The New York Times, October 10, 1999. Accessed October 19, 2009.
- ^ Scheuer, Philip K. "Anne Frank's Role Settled: Millie Perkins, 18, Winner; Brynner's Schedule Busiest", Los Angeles Times, January 29, 1958. Accessed June 2, 2008. "Diary has its Anne Frank. She is Millie Perkins, magazine cover-girl who was born in Passaic, N.J., 18 years ago and educated in Fairlawn, N.J.
- ^ Jason Perry Archived February 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, database Football. Accessed February 17, 2008.
- ^ Staff. "Eleanore Pettersen, 86, Pioneering Architect", The New York Times, January 18, 2003. Accessed October 14, 2015. "Eleanore Pettersen, a New Jersey architect who helped lead the way for women in her profession, died on Wednesday at her home in Saddle River, N.J.... Ms. Pettersen was born in Passaic, N.J."
- ^ a b Kaufman, Gail. "Passaic – Kids Find Talent In Their Own Back Yard New Book Lauds City's Achievers", The Record, February 11, 1997. Accessed May 12, 2007. "What do Anthony Mason, Loretta Swit, and Joe Piscopo have in common? Beside being nationally known, they hold the city of Passaic as part of their past."
- ^ Cowen, Richard. "Class Of '95 Exits Halls Of Academia", The Record, May 19, 1995. Accessed May 13, 2007. "Polci, 42, a Passaic native and former drummer with Frankie Valli..."
- ^ Kloman, William. "Pollard: From Disney To 'Bonnie and Clyde'; Michael J. Pollard", The New York Times, March 31, 1968. Accessed July 9, 2008. "Michael J. Pollard broke into show biz in a third grade production of H.M.S. Pinafore in Passaic, New Jersey, in which he played one of the First Lord's cousins."
- ^ The UCLA Computer Science Department Quarterly, University of California, Los Angeles, Fall 1987 / Winter 1988, Vol. 16 No. 1. Accessed October 29, 2017. "Dr. Popek was born in Passaic, New Jersey and received the B.S. in Nuclear Engineering with honors from New York University in 1968."
- ^ Stuart Rabner: State Attorney General, State of New Jersey. Accessed April 28, 2017. "Rabner grew up in Passaic and was graduated summa cum laude in 1982 from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University."
- ^ Radcliff, Pamela. Interpreting the 20th Century: The Struggle Over Democracy, The Great Courses. The Teaching Company, 2004. Accessed October 18, 2017. "Pamela Radcliff, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of History; University of California, San Diego -Pamela Radcliff was born in Passaic, New Jersey, and grew up in Clifton, New Jersey, and Escondido, California."
- ^ Busciglio, Rick. "A Frank Sinatra Video Tribute from Frankie Randall", Examiner.com, March 21, 2010.
- ^ Joseph Rankin, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed January 13, 2011.
- ^ "SIA RU009569, Oral history interview with Ralph Rinzler 1993", Smithsonian Institution Archives. Accessed May 26, 2016. "Ralph Rinzler (1934–1994) was born in Passaic, New Jersey, and was interested in music at an early age."
- ^ Staff. "Col. John Roosma Dead at 83; Basketball Star at West Point", The New York Times, November 14, 1983. Accessed August 22, 2018. "He was born in Passaic, N.J., and was captain of the Passaic High School basketball team that was known as the Passaic Wonder Team, having won 179 games in a row."
- ^ "Roosma Twins Will Go to West Point", Herald News, July 2, 1954. Accessed June 17, 2023, via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Staff. "Rosenberg is a quiet note in frantic fun", Sun Sentinel, April 7, 1996. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Alan Rosenberg was born in Passaic, NJ. During the turbulent '60s at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, Alan mixed political activism with acting."
- ^ Lambert, Bruce. "Mark Rosenberg, Movie Producer, Dies at Age 44 ", The New York Times, November 8, 1992. Accessed July 29, 2013. "Mr. Rosenberg was born in Passaic, N.J., and attended Bard College and the University of Wisconsin."
- ^ a b Corliss, Richard. "Nostalgia Hits the Tracks in 'Be Kind Rewind'", Time, February 22, 2008. Accessed January 13, 2011. "Ah, Passaic, New Jersey! That crumbling, grumbling city across the Hudson from the gleaming skyline of New York, yet worlds removed from Manhattan magic. A place whose residents shiver in dour poverty, and whose most famous native sons and daughters had to leave town to make it big. The honor roll would include Joe Piscopo, Paul Rudd, Steely Dan's Donald Fagen, Gilligan's Island creator Sherwood Schwartz, three-time Oscar-winning producer Saul Zaentz, sitcom regulars Loretta Swit and Larry Storch, sports hysteric Dick Vitale...and, Be Kind Rewind tells us, the legendary pianist and composer Fats Waller."
- ^ Padilla, Mariel. "Carl Ruiz, Celebrity Chef and Restaurateur, Dies at 44; He made frequent appearances on the Food Network as a competitive chef and celebrity judge.", The New York Times, September 22, 2019. Accessed September 23, 2019. "Carl Albert Ruiz was born on April 4, 1975, in Passaic, and graduated from Collegiate School in Passaic and then from the Institute of Culinary Education in New York."
- ^ Thomas, Robert McG. "Bob Russell, Entertainer, Is Dead at 90", The New York Times, February 2, 1998. Accessed April 22, 2012. "A native of Passaic, N.J., Mr. Russell, whose father was a Russian-born baker, lived in Schenectady, N.Y., before moving to Manhattan at 9, catching the opera bug and changing his name from Roltner to Russell."
- ^ Bob RussellArchived August 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Songwriters Hall of Fame. Accessed January 13, 2011.
- ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, Volume 197, p. 255. E.J. Accessed April 3, 2019. "Mr. Rys was born June 24, 1913, in Passaic. He was educated in the Passaic parochial schools, and graduated from East Rutherford High School."
- ^ Weber, Ben. "Sakiewicz Named New Metro Gm", New York Post, January 13, 2000. Accessed February 1, 2011. "Investor-operator Stuart Subotnick, the MLS equivalent of the MetroStars' owner, announced that [Charlie Stillitano] would be replaced with Nick Sakiewicz of Passaic, N.J."
- ^ Verongos, Helen T. "James Salter, a 'Writer's Writer' Short on Sales but Long on Acclaim, Dies at 90", The New York Times, June 19, 2015. Accessed June 20, 2015. "James Salter was born James Horowitz on June 10, 1925, in Passaic, N.J., to L. George Horowitz and the former Mildred Scheff."
- ^ Staff. "Zoe Saldana Trabajo De Estrella", El Nuevo Herald, October 2, 2003. Accessed January 20, 2011.
- ^ King, George. "Yank Bats Stay Hot; Blast Three Hrs In Rout Of Tigers", New York Post, July 27, 2001. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Knoblauch, who has been the leadoff hitter the Yankees need the past week, snapped a 5-5 tie with his fifth homer off former Passaic (NJ) High School pitcher Victor Santos."
- ^ Pringle, Peter. Eleven: Dark Secrets Behind the Discovery of a Wonder Drug, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8027-7895-6. Accessed April 29, 2015. "Albert Schatz...was three, when they (the family) moved to Passaic, New Jersey...During the Great Depression the family lived mostly in Passaic."
- ^ "Elroy Schwartz (1923–2013)", The Desert Sun, June 25, 2013. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Born in Passaic, N.J., he moved to the Bronx where he attended school."
- ^ Staff. "William Winfield Scott; Lawyer and Official Historian of Passaic", October 2, 1935. Accessed October 16, 2013.
- ^ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. "James P. Shenton, 78, Dies; History Professor at Columbia", The New York Times, July 28, 2003. Accessed April 10, 2022. "James Patrick Shenton was born March 17, 1925, St. Patrick's Day, in Passaic, N.J., the oldest of four children of Walter G. Shenton and Lillian Spitzel Shenton.... Professor Shenton never married, and spent most of his adult life living with his mother in Passaic."
- ^ Sullivan, Tom. "Passaic's Shirelles follow 'Jersey Boys'", The Record, January 21, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of September 24, 2012. Accessed December 3, 2017.
- ^ Offensive Coordinator Rich Skrosky, Monmouth Hawks football. Accessed February 23, 2018. "He served as an assistant coach at St. Peter's Prep in Jersey City in 1984 and later served as assistant head coach and defensive coordinator at his alma mater Lodi (N.J.) High School in 1985 and 1986. Skrosky and his wife, the former Suzanne Quentz, reside in Howell, N.J."
- ^ Staff. "Robert Smithson", The New York Times. Accessed January 3, 2015. "The artist Robert Smithson is best known for the Spiral Jetty, which has lain in the Great Salt Lake since 1970. Born in Passaic, NJ, in 1938, Smithson died at 35 in an airplane crash in 1973."
- ^ "The Monuments of Passaic | Holt/Smithson Foundation".
- ^ Dr. Edith E. Sproul, National Library of Medicine. Accessed October 16, 2013. "Her work with George Papanicolou at Cornell University Medical School led to the development of the pap smear test for cervical cancer, and she and Charles Gutman of Mount Sinai, New York, were co-discoverers of the association between prostatic cancer and the enzyme acid phosphatase. Edith Sproul was born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1907."
- ^ Mark Stevens, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed September 25, 2019. "Born: February 19, 1962 (Age: 57-218d) in Passaic, NJ... High School: Passaic (NJ)"
- ^ Gilpin, Kenneth N. "Thomas G. Stockham Jr., 70, Digital Pioneer", The New York Times, January 31, 2004. Accessed December 3, 2017. "Thomas Greenway Stockham was born on Dec. 22, 1933, in Passaic, N.J. He earned his bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. degrees at M.I.T."
- ^ Tyronne Stowe Past Stats, Statistics, History, and AwardsArchived February 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, databaseFootball.com. Accessed February 19, 2008.
- ^ via Associated Press. "Welcome Back, Kotter star and former Passaic resident Marcia Strassman dies", The Record, October 27, 2014. Accessed August 6, 2016.
- ^ Staff. "Signed, sealed, delivered", The Washington Times, July 25, 2009. Accessed January 28, 2011. "The Passaic, N.J., native also mentioned that regardless of his fitness level, it may be hard for him to get on the field right away, especially considering how stacked United is at midfield."
- ^ via Associated Press, "Minor glitch in Janikowski deal", Lodi News-Sentinel, July 21, 2000. Accessed January 28, 2011. "Szott has a son with cerebral palsy and he and his wife have decided a school near his home in Passaic, N.J., is the best place for him."
- ^ via Associated Press. "Passaic native Jack Tatum, NFL star known for vicious hits, dies at 61", The Star-Ledger, July 27, 2010. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Tatum was born in North Carolina but grew up in Passaic, where he was named an All-American as a senior at Passaic High School. In 1999, The Star-Ledger named Tatum, a running back, fullback and defensive back at Passaic despite starting his football career as a sophomore, one of New Jersey's top defensive high school football players of the 20th century."
- ^ via Associated Press. "Osel Tendzin, 47, Head of Tibetan Buddhists, Dies", The New York Times, August 28, 1990. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Mr. Tendzin, who was born in Passaic, N.J., met Mr. Trungpa Rinpoche in 1971 and became his top student, receiving the name Osel Tendzin, or 'radiant holder of the teachings.' His name had been Thomas Rich."
- ^ Regent, Ösel Tendzin Archived October 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Shambhala.org. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Born in Passaic, New Jersey, in 1943, Thomas F. Rich attended Fordham University, graduating in 1965."
- ^ Twentieth-century Children's Writers, p. 1251. Macmillan International Higher Education, 1978. ISBN 9781349036486. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Tresselt, Alvin. American. Born in Passaic, New Jersey, 30 September 1916. Educated at Passaic High School, graduated 1934."
- ^ "Paul Troast, Led Jersey Turnpike" The New York Times, July 23, 1972. Accessed December 28, 2017. "Born in 1894 in nearby Garfield, Mr. Troast spent his life in developing resources in Passaic and Clifton. In 1908, when he was graduated from Passaic High School, where he had been president of the senior class, he shared much of his time with the vice president of the class, Eleanor Mahony, who later became his wife."
- ^ Rahshon Turner, RealGM. Accessed November 7, 2020. "Birthplace/Hometown: Passaic, New Jersey"
- ^ Van Antwerpen, Franklin StuartArchived September 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Federal Judicial Center. Accessed June 2, 2008.
- ^ "Drexler, Calhoun And Woodard Highlight 16 Finalists For Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall Of Fame" Archived October 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Basketball Hall of Famepress release dated February 15, 2004. "Dick Vitale, a native of Passaic, NJ., has been synonymous with college basketball for more than 20 years as the lead color announcer for ESPN."
- ^ Orley, Emily. "The Actress Behind Paris Geller Is All Grown UpLiza Weil, best known for playing Rory Gilmore's neurotic frenemy on Gilmore Girls, talks about what she learned from life in Stars Hollow, working in ShondaLand for five years, and becoming a series regular again on How to Get Away With Murder.", BuzzFeed, September 17, 2014. Accessed January 3, 2015. "Though she was born in Passaic, New Jersey, she spent her childhood traveling around Europe with her mother, father, and their comedy troupe (a far cry from Paris' stuffy prep school upbringing)."
- ^ Sturken, Barbara. "Off the Field, Giants Call New Jersey Home", The New York Times, March 31, 1991. Accessed January 14, 2013.
- ^ Staff. "Darrin A. Winston, 42, of Clarksburg in Millstone Township", Asbury Park Press, August 17, 2008. Accessed September 4, 2008. "Darrin A. Winston, 42, of Clarksburg in Millstone Township, passed away Friday, Aug. 15, at CentraState Medical Center, Freehold Township. Born in Passaic, he lived in Edison before moving to Millstone Township 10 years ago."
- ^ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Oscar Winners Return For Passaic Festivities", The New York Times, May 1, 1976. Accessed December 3, 2017. "Porky Zaentz and Beansie Lieberman came home today, and Mayor Gerald Goldman, members of the City Council and 200 others gathered on the steps of City Hall to honor the two local boys who had made good."
- ^ Staff. "Physical Examination for Frankie Zak Wednesday", Chicago Tribune, April 22, 1945. Accessed August 28, 2011. "Zak, Pittsburgh Pirates shortstop, was notified today by his Passaic, N. J., draft board to report for a physical examination there next Wednesday."
- ^ Frankie Zak, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed December 14, 2008.