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Abraccine Top 100 Brazilian films

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Cover of the book The 100 Best Brazilian Films, released by Abraccine in 2016

In 2015, the Brazilian Film Critics Association [pt] (Abraccine) published a list with the 100 best Brazilian films ever according to the votes of its members.[1] This poll was the basis for a book named The 100 Best Brazilian Films, published in 2016.[2] The idea of the ranking and the book was suggested by publisher Letramento, with whom Abraccine and television network Canal Brasil co-released the book. The ranking was done based on individual lists done by Abraccine's 100 critics, who initially mentioned 379 films. The full list was first made available to the public on 26 November 2015, and the book was released on 1 September 2016.

The list covers almost all decades between the 1930s and the 2010s, the only exception being the 1940s. A 1931 film, Mário Peixoto's Limite, is the oldest one and also the first ranked, while the most recent work is from 2015, Anna Muylaert's The Second Mother. The chanchada (1930–50s musical comedies) is represented by Carlos Manga's O Homem do Sputnik (1959), while there is a plethora of 1960–1970s films, including Cinema Novo and Cinema marginal [pt] works. Almost one third of the films were from the Retomada period (1995–onward), and the list included not only feature films but also documentaries and short films. Cinema Novo director Glauber Rocha is the filmmaker with the most films in the list: five; followed by Rogério Sganzerla, Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Héctor Babenco and Carlos Reichenbach, each with four works.

Release

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When the first list was released, Joaquim Pedro de Andrade had four films on it. After a recount, his Conjugal Warfare and Hugo Carvana's Bar Esperanza (1983), tied in the last position, were replaced by The Clown (2011), directed by Selton Mello (pictured).

The Brazilian Film Critics Association was founded in 2011,[3] and since then it has been considered one of the best institutions of cinema criticism.[4][5] As such, there was a long-time demand for Abraccine to release such a list.[6] The list was done after a suggestion of the publisher Letramento.[7] In September 2015, Abraccine and Letramento started to work on a book about the world best films that eventually became about the best Brazilian films only.[8] At first, 379 works were mentioned when all Abraccine's associated critics—more than 100[9]—were asked to send a ranked list of their 25 best films.[7] There was no specific criteria or guideline for these individual lists, each critic freely deciding their list.[10] The final result of the poll was first made available to the public on 26 November 2015.[11] The first list included Joaquim Pedro de Andrade's Conjugal Warfare (1975) and Hugo Carvana's Bar Esperanza (1983) tied in the last position;[4] after a recount of the votes, Selton Mello's The Clown (2011) replaced them.[12] When the book was released, during the Gramado Film Festival on 1 September 2016,[13] some other changes in the ranking order were done.[2]

The book, titled The 100 Best Brazilian Films (Portuguese: Os 100 Melhores Filmes Brasileiros), was the first publication of Abraccine,[14] and was done in a joint venture with Letramento and television network Canal Brasil.[3] Edited by Abraccine's then president Paulo Henrique Silva, the 440-page work contained essays on each film selected.[3] Prior to its release, the association did a research and concluded that only 5% of the Brazilian population watched Brazilian films regularly and most of them did not read film criticism.[10] So, the book was published to draw attention to the importance of the Brazilian cinema and film criticism in a moment Brazilian media "depleted" such discussion, according to Silva.[3] To promote the release of the book, twelve of the selected films were broadcast, in no particular order, on a special timeslot of Canal Brasil between 12 September 2016 and 15 November 2016.[8][15] Two films aired each week, the first one being Anselmo Duarte's O Pagador de Promessas (1962) and the last being Cláudio Assis' Mango Yellow (2002).[8][15]

Content

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Scenes of the films Limite (1931; left) and Ganga Bruta (1933; right), the oldest films to feature in the list


The list features films of almost all decades from the 1930s to the 2010s, except for the 1940s.[12] The oldest films in the list were Mário Peixoto's Limite (1931), Humberto Mauro's Ganga Bruta (1933), and Lima Barreto's O Cangaceiro (1953), the first being also the first placed; the newest films were Anna Muylaert's The Second Mother (2015), Fernando Coimbra's A Wolf at the Door (2013), and Hilton Lacerda's Tattoo (2013).[4] The 1960s films placed high and seven were in the top 10.[7] From the 1960s, there was a constant presence of Cinema Novo films,[7] which were three—Glauber Rocha's Black God, White Devil (1964) and Entranced Earth (1967), and Nelson Pereira dos Santos' Barren Lives (1963)—of the top 5.[8] Cinema marginal [pt] (1960–70s underground films) was also frequent on the list; its representants, Rogério Sganzerla, Júlio Bressane and Ozualdo Candeias had more than one film in the list.[16] 30 films of the Retomada (1995–onward) period feature in the list;[11] however, Fernando Meirelles' Oscar-nominated City of God (2002) is the only to be among the top 10.[9] On the other hand, only one chanchada (1930–50s musical comedies), Carlos Manga's O Homem do Sputnik (1959), appeared on the list, and no pornochanchada (1960–70s sex comedies) was mentioned.[16]

Anna Muylaert (left) and Laís Bodanzky (right) were two out of the four women film directors featured in the list

The most cited director was Rocha, whose works appeared five times in the list.[7][17] At first, Sganzerla, dos Santos, Héctor Babenco, Carlos Reichenbach, and Pedro de Andrade appeared with four films each.[17] However, the latter was demoted to three films when Conjugal Warfare was removed from the list after a recount.[12] There were only four films directed solely by a woman in the list: Suzana Amaral's Hour of the Star (1985), Muylaert's The Second Mother; Laís Bodanzky's Brainstorm (2001), and Ana Carolina's Sea of Roses (1977).[8]

In addition to feature films, the list also included documentary films—among them, Eduardo Coutinho's Twenty Years Later (1984)—and short films, such as Jorge Furtado's Isle of Flowers (1989), Rocha's Di (1977), and Linduarte Noronha's Aruanda (1960).[17]

List

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[18]

Rank Title Year Director(s) Genre
1 Limite 1931 Mário Peixoto Drama
2 Black God, White Devil 1964 Glauber Rocha
3 Vidas secas 1963 Nelson Pereira dos Santos
4 Twenty Years Later 1984 Eduardo Coutinho Documentary
5 Entranced Earth 1967 Glauber Rocha Drama
6 The Red Light Bandit 1968 Rogério Sganzerla Crime
7 São Paulo, Sociedade Anônima 1965 Luis Sérgio Person Drama
8 City of God 2002 Fernando Meirelles & Kátia Lund Drama, Crime
9 The Given Word 1962 Anselmo Duarte Drama
10 Macunaíma 1969 Joaquim Pedro de Andrade Comedy
11 Central Station 1998 Walter Salles Drama
12 Pixote 1980 Héctor Babenco
13 Isle of Flowers 1989 Jorge Furtado Documentary
14 They Don't Wear Black Tie 1981 Leon Hirszman Drama
15 Neighboring Sounds 2012 Kleber Mendonça Filho
16 To the Left of the Father 2001 Luiz Fernando Carvalho
17 Playing 2007 Eduardo Coutinho Documentary
18 Bye Bye Brazil 1979 Carlos Diegues Comedy
19 Assault on the Pay Train 1962 Roberto Farias Crime, Drama
20 S. Bernardo 1972 Leon Hirszman Drama
21 Iracema: Uma Transa Amazônica 1974 Jorge Bodanzky & Orlando Senna Docudrama
22 Men and Women 1964 Walter Hugo Khouri Drama
23 The Guns 1964 Ruy Guerra
24 Ganga Bruta 1933 Humberto Mauro
25 Bang Bang 1971 Andrea Tonacci Experimental
26 The Hour and Turn of Augusto Matraga 1965 Roberto Santos Drama
27 Rio, 100 Degrees F. 1955 Nelson Pereira dos Santos
28 Master: A Building in Copacabana 2002 Eduardo Coutinho Documentary
29 Memoirs of Prison 1984 Nelson Pereira dos Santos Drama
30 Elite Squad 2007 José Padilha Crime
31 The Priest and the Girl 1965 Joaquim Pedro de Andrade Drama
32 Serras da Desordem 2006 Andrea Tonacci Docudrama
33 Santiago 2007 João Moreira Salles Documentary
34 Antonio das Mortes 1969 Glauber Rocha Drama
35 Elite Squad: The Enemy Within 2010 José Padilha Action thriller
36 The Trespasser 2002 Beto Brant Drama
37 All the Women in the World 1966 Domingos de Oliveira Comedy
38 Killed the Family and Went to the Movies 1969 Júlio Bressane Drama
39 Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands 1976 Bruno Barreto Comedy
40 The Unscrupulous Ones 1962 Ruy Guerra Drama
41 O Homem do Sputnik 1959 Carlos Manga Comedy
42 Hour of the Star 1985 Suzana Amaral Drama
43 No Way, Spider 1970 Rogério Sganzerla Comédia
44 SuperOutro 1989 Edgar Navarro
45 Movie Demntia 1986 Carlos Reichenbach Drama
46 At Midnight I'll Take Your Soul 1964 José Mojica Marins Horror
47 Foreign Land 1996 Walter Salles & Daniela Thomas Drama
48 The Woman of Everyone 1969 Rogério Sganzerla Comedy
49 Rio, Zona Norte 1957 Nelson Pereira dos Santos Drama
50 Alma Corsária 1993 Carlos Reichenbach
51 A Margem 1967 Ozualdo Ribeiro Candeias Drama, Romance
52 All Nudity Shall Be Punished 1972 Arnaldo Jabor Drama
53 Madame Satã 2002 Karim Aïnouz
54 The Deceased 1965 Leon Hirszman
55 Awakening of the Beast 1970 José Mojica Marins Horror
56 Everything's Alright 1978 Arnaldo Jabor Drama
57 The Age of the Earth 1980 Glauber Rocha Drama
58 Behind the Sun 2001 Walter Salles Drama
59 The Grand Moment 1958 Roberto Santos Drama
60 A Wolf at the Door 2013 Fernando Coimbra Thriller
61 Kiss of the Spider Woman 1985 Hector Babenco Drama
62 The Man That Was Turned Into Juice 1980 João Batista de Andrade
63 A Dog's Will 2000 Guel Arraes Drama, Comedy
64 The Bandit 1953 Lima Barreto Western
65 The Lyre of Delight 1978 Walter Lima Jr. Drama
66 Case of the Naves Brothers 1967 Luís Sérgio Person
67 Bus 174 2002 José Padilha Documentary
68 The Angel Was Born 1969 Júlio Bressane Drama
69 My Name is Tonho 1969 Ozualdo Ribeiro Candeias
70 Suely in the Sky 2006 Karim Aïnouz
71 The Second Mother 2015 Anna Muylaert
72 Brainstorm 2000 Laís Bodanzky
73 Tattoo 2013 Hilton Lacerda
74 Estomago: A Gastronomic Story 2007 Marcos Jorge
75 Cinema, Aspirins and Vultures 2005 Marcelo Gomes
76 Perfumed Ball 1996 Paulo Caldas & Lírio Ferreira
77 Go Ahead, Brasil! 1982 Roberto Farias
78 Lucio Flavio 1977 Hector Babenco
79 Traveller 1999 Paulo César Saraceni
80 Angels of the Outskirts 1987 Carlos Reichenbach
81 Sea of Roses 1977 Ana Carolina Drama, Comedy
82 The Land of São Saruê 1971 Vladimir Carvalho Documentary
83 A Marvada Carne 1987 André Klotzel Comedy, Romance
84 Sergeant Getulio 1983 Hermanno Penna Drama
85 Innocence 1983 Walter Lima Jr.
86 Mango Yellow 2002 Cláudio Assis
87 Os Saltimbancos Trapalhões 1981 J. B. Tanko Musical
88 Di Cavalcanti 1977 Glauber Rocha Short Documentary
89 The Conspirators 1972 Joaquim Pedro de Andrade Drama
90 This Night I'll Possess Your Corpse 1967 José Mojica Maris Horror
91 Cabaret Mineiro 1981 Carlos Alberto Prates Correia Musical
92 A Summer Rain 1978 Carlos Diegues Drama
93 Two Streams 1999 Carlos Reichenbach
94 Aruanda 1960 Linduarte Noronha Short Docudrama
95 Carandiru 2003 Hector Babenco Drama
96 Blablablá 1968 Andrea Tonacci
97 The Clown 2011 Selton Mello
98 Signo do Caos 2003 Rogério Spanzerla
99 The Year My Parents Went on Vacation 2006 Cao Hamburger
100 Meteorango Kid, Herói Intergalático 1969 André Luiz Oliveira

The first published list featured Rogério Spanzerla's "Signo do Caos" (2003) in the 97th position, followed by Cao Hamburger's "The Year My Parents Went on Vacation" (2006) at 98th, André Luiz Oliveira's "Meteorango Kid, Herói Intergalático" (1969) at 99th, and tied at 100th Joaquim Pedro de Andrade's "Conjugal Wafarer" (1975) with Hugo Carvana's "Bar Esperanza" (1983). Following a recount, however, Selton Mello's "The Clown" (2001) was ranked 97th, which left "Cojugal Warfare" and "Bar Esperanza" out of the list.

Superlatives

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Clockwise from the top left: Carlos Reichenbach, José Mojica Marins, José Padilha, and Andrea Tonacci. Four Reichenbach's film ranked in the list, while all other three directors have three films in the list
Clockwise from the top left: Ruy Guerra, Júlio Bressane, Arnaldo Jabor, and Walter Lima Jr. All appear twice in the list and their featured works were released between the 1960s and the 1980s
Karim Aïnouz (left) was one of the few 2000s directors to appear twice in the list, while Fernando Coimbra (centre) and Hilton Lacerda (right) were the directors of the most recent films featured in the list along with Muylaert

By director

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5 films
4 films
3 films
2 films

By period

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28 films
  • 1960s
18 films
  • 1980s, 2000s
15 films
  • 1970s
8 films
  • 1969
7 films
  • 1990s, 2010s
5 films
  • 1950s, 2002
4 films
  • 1964, 1967
3 films
  • 1962, 1968, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1999, 2001, 2006, 2007
2 films
  • 1930s, 1971, 1978, 1983, 1984, 1989, 2003, 2010, 2013

Reception

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While noting that this kind of list always create some polemic, O Fluminense [pt]'s Gabriel Oliveira praised the list for its plurality.[7] Ernesto Barros of Recife's Jornal do Commercio [pt] opined the list could be wider if outsiders and scholars were invited,[19] but nevertheless considered it to be a good sample of the best of the Brazilian cinema.[14] Writing for Correio da Paraíba [pt], Renato Félix thought the selection method was the "most democratic" one but also said it made impossible to conscious avoid overrepresentation of directors and movements; ultimately, Félix considered it an important publication because it was a good way to determine how Brazilian critics perceived its eras.[16] Enock Cavalcanti did not give an opinion about the list content but commented in Diário de Cuiabá that the list itself should be praised as an effort to overcome the cultural prejudice Brazilian people have toward their country's cinema.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Abraccine organiza ranking dos 100 melhores filmes brasileiros". Abraccine - Associação Brasileira de Críticos de Cinema (in Portuguese). 27 November 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Abraccine lança "100 melhores filmes brasileiros" no Festival de Gramado". Abraccine - Associação Brasileira de Críticos de Cinema (in Portuguese). 4 September 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Nunes, João (30 August 2016). "Associação lança livro 100 Melhores Filmes Brasileiros" [Association release The 100 Best Brazilian Films]. Correio Popular (in Portuguese). Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c "100 melhores filmes brasileiros de todos os tempos" [The 100 best Brazilia films of all time]. Gazeta do Povo (in Portuguese). Grupo Paranaense de Comunicação. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Estudo de inteligência do mercado audiovisual" [Strategic analysis of the audiovisual market] (PDF) (in Portuguese). SEBRAE. pp. 187–188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  6. ^ Prado, Antonio Carlos; Ortiz, Elaine (4 December 2015). "Os melhores filmes brasileiros" [The best Brazilian films]. Istoé (in Portuguese). Editora Três. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Oliveira, Gabriel (7 December 2015). "Os 100 mais" [The top 100]. O Fluminense (in Portuguese). Grupo Fluminense de Comunicação. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e Merten, Luiz Carlos (10 September 2016). "Livro seleciona os melhores filmes nacionais de todos os tempos" [Book selects the best national films of all time]. O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Grupo Estado. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Críticos elegem 'Limite', de Mário Peixoto, o melhor filme brasileiro" [Critics choose 'Limite', by Mário Peixoto, as the best Brazilian film]. O Globo (in Portuguese). Grupo Globo. 26 November 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  10. ^ a b Giusti, Dominik (23 November 2015). "Um mapa para o cinema nacional" [A map for the national cinema]. Diário do Pará (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  11. ^ a b Genestetri, Guilherme (27 November 2015). "'Limite' lidera os cem melhores filmes brasileiros; veja lista feita pela crítica" ['Limite' tops [the list of] the 100 best Brazilian films; see the complete list done by critics]. Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Grupo Folha. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  12. ^ a b c Torres, Rodrigo (26 November 2015). "Abraccine elege os 100 melhores filmes do cinema brasileiro". AdoroCinema (in Portuguese). AlloCiné. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  13. ^ "Livro "100 melhores filmes brasileiros" é lançado em Gramado" [Book "The 100 Best Brazilian Films" is released in Gramado]. Zero Hora (in Portuguese). Grupo RBS. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  14. ^ a b Barros, Ernesto (4 November 2016). "100 Melhores Filmes Brasileiros ganha lançamento no Janela Internacional" [The 100 Best Brazilian Films to be released on Janela Internacional]. Jornal do Commercio (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  15. ^ a b "Canal Brasil exibe os filmes nacionais favoritos da crítica" [Canal Brasil shows critics' favorite films]. Metrópoles (in Portuguese). 12 September 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  16. ^ a b c Félix, Renato (9 October 2016). "Brasil da tela: livro reúne os 100 melhores filmes Brasileiros de todos os tempos" [Brazil on screen: book aggregate the 100 best Brazilian films of all time]. Correio da Paraíba (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  17. ^ a b c "'Limite', de Mário Peixoto, é eleito o maior filme brasileiro de todos os tempos" ['Limite', by Mário Peixoto, is chosen as the best Brazilian film of all time]. Veja (in Portuguese). Editora Abril. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  18. ^ "Abraccine organiza ranking dos 100 melhores filmes brasileiros". Abraccine - Associação Brasileira de Críticos de Cinema (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2015-11-27. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
  19. ^ Barros, Ernesto (30 November 2015). "Os 101 filmes brasileiros da lista da Abraccine e a tristeza pelos que ficaram de fora" [The 101 best Brazilian films and the sadness for those who did not make it]. Jornal do Commercio (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  20. ^ Cavalcanti, Enock (1 December 2015). "Os 100 melhores filmes feitos no Brasil" [The 100 best films made in Brazil]. Diário de Cuiabá (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 December 2018.
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