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List of birds of South America

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This is a list of bird species recorded in South America. South America is the "Bird Continent": It boasts records of 3482 species, more than any other. (Much larger Eurasia is second with 3407.) Colombia's list alone numbers 1906 confirmed species, and both Brazil's and Peru's confirmed lists also exceed 1850. Of the continent's species, 2527 are endemic, significantly more than Eurasia's approximately 2300. Nine entire families, containing 21 species, are endemic to the continent.[1][2][3]

Of the 2527 endemic species, 238 are found only in Brazil and 336 are only in one of 12 other countries and territories. Seventeen of the 3481 total species have been introduced to South America. In addition, 106 of the species are vagrants to the continent, with only a few records, and some have made only a single appearance. Twenty-nine species have been recorded in all 18 countries and territories addressed here.[2]

The list includes birds confirmed in mainland South America, islands within 1200 km of its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and the Caribbean countries and territories of Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Trinidad and Tobago. Major offshore entities include the Falkland Islands (Islas las Malvinas), the Galápagos Islands, and the Juan Fernandez Islands. Waters within 200 nautical miles of these lands are also included.[1]

Unless otherwise noted, the list of species is that of the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society (AOS). The list's taxonomy (names and sequence of orders, families, and species) is also that of the SACC unless noted otherwise. The list does not include domestic birds or escaped and introduced species which do not have established populations. It also does not include the results of species splits and other changes which have been accepted by the SACC but not finalized.[1]

The following tags annotate many species:

  • (E-SA) - Endemic to South America and present in more than one country (1953 species)
  • (E-AR) - Endemic to Argentina (18 species)
  • (E-BO) - Endemic to Bolivia (15 species)
  • (E-BR) - Endemic to Brazil (238 species)
  • (E-CH) - Endemic to Chile (12 species)
  • (E-CO) - Endemic to Colombia (84 species)
  • (E-EC) - Endemic to mainland Ecuador (8 species)
  • (E-GA) - Endemic to the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador (31 species)
  • (E-FA) - Endemic to the Falkland Islands (2 species)
  • (E-FG) - Endemic to French Guiana (1 species)
  • (E-PE) - Endemic to Peru (117 species)
  • (E-SU) - Endemic to Suriname (1 species)
  • (E-TT) - Endemic to Trinidad and Tobago (2 species)
  • (E-VE) - Endemic to Venezuela (45 species)
  • (V) - Vagrant to South America or the islands included in this list
  • (I) - Introduced to South America and established there
  • (All) - Recorded in all 18 countries and territories


Rheas

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Order: Rheiiformes   Family: Rheidae

Greater rhea

The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster.

Tinamous

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Order: Tinamiformes   Family: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes.

  • Solitary tinamou
    Solitary tinamou
  • Cinereous tinamou
    Cinereous tinamou
  • Tataupa tinamou
    Tataupa tinamou
  • Andean tinamou
    Andean tinamou
  • Patagonian tinamou
    Patagonian tinamou

Screamers

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Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anhimidae

Horned screamers

The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.

Ducks

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Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

  • Black-necked swan
    Black-necked swan
  • Andean goose
    Andean goose
  • Torrent duck
    Torrent duck
  • Red shoveler
    Red shoveler
  • Brazilian merganser
    Brazilian merganser

Guans

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Order: Galliformes   Family: Cracidae

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

  • Marail guan
    Marail guan
  • Spix's guan
    Spix's guan
  • Black-fronted piping-guan
    Black-fronted piping-guan
  • Speckled chachalaca
    Speckled chachalaca
  • Helmeted curassow
    Helmeted curassow

New World quails

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Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

Spot-winged wood-quail
Dark-backed wood-quail

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

Pheasants

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Ring-necked pheasant

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Flamingos

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James's flamingo

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Grebes

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Great grebe

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Pigeons

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Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

  • Picazuro pigeon
    Picazuro pigeon
  • Peruvian pigeon
    Peruvian pigeon
  • Ochre-bellied dove
    Ochre-bellied dove
  • Long-tailed ground dove
    Long-tailed ground dove
  • Croaking ground dove
    Croaking ground dove

Cuckoos

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Pavonine cuckoo
Black-bellied cuckoo

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

Oilbird

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Oilbirds

Order: Steatornithiformes   Family: Steatornithidae

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.

Potoos

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Rufous potoo

Order: Nyctibiiformes   Family: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

Nightjars

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Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

  • Nacunda nighthawk
    Nacunda nighthawk
  • Blackish nightjar
    Blackish nightjar
  • White-winged nightjar
    White-winged nightjar
  • Long-trained nightjar
    Long-trained nightjar
  • Silky-tailed nightjar
    Silky-tailed nightjar

Swifts

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Great dusky swifts
Sick's swift

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Hummingbirds

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Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

  • Crimson topaz
    Crimson topaz
  • Buff-bellied hermit
    Buff-bellied hermit
  • Geoffroy's daggerbill
    Geoffroy's daggerbill
  • Sparkling violetear
    Sparkling violetear
  • Amethyst-throated sunangel
    Amethyst-throated sunangel
  • Ecuadorian hillstar
    Ecuadorian hillstar
  • Golden-breasted puffleg
    Golden-breasted puffleg
  • Glittering-bellied emerald
    Glittering-bellied emerald
  • Swallow-tailed hummingbird
    Swallow-tailed hummingbird
  • Giant hummingbird
    Giant hummingbird
  • Tufted coquette
    Tufted coquette
  • Violet-tailed sylph
    Violet-tailed sylph
  • Sword-billed hummingbird
    Sword-billed hummingbird
  • Purple-throated woodstar
    Purple-throated woodstar
  • Versicolored emerald
    Versicolored emerald

Hoatzin

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Hoatzin

Order: Opisthocomiformes   Family: Opisthocomidae

The hoatzin is pheasant-sized, but much slimmer. It has a long tail and neck, but a small head with an unfeathered blue face and red eyes which are topped by a spiky crest. It is a weak flier which is found in the swamps of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers.

  • Hoatzin, Opisthocomus hoazin (E-SA)

Limpkin

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Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aramidae

The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.

Trumpeters

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Pale-winged trumpeter

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Psophiidae

The trumpeters are dumpy birds with long necks and legs and chicken-like bills. They are named for the trumpeting call of the male

Rails

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Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

  • Bogota rail
    Bogota rail
  • Azure gallinule
    Azure gallinule
  • Rufous-sided crake
    Rufous-sided crake
  • Giant wood-rail
    Giant wood-rail
  • Red-gartered coot
    Red-gartered coot

Finfoots

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Sungrebe

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

Plovers

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Pied lapwing
Diademed sandpiper-plover

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Oystercatchers

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Blackish oystercatcher

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Avocets and stilts

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Andean avocet

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Thick-knees

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Peruvian thick-knee

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Sheathbills

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Snowy sheathbill

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Chionidae

The sheathbills are scavengers of the Antarctic regions. They have white plumage and look plump and dove-like but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns.

Magellanic plover

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Magellanic plover

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Pluvianellidae

The Magellanic plover is a rare wader found only in southernmost South America. In its build and habits it is similar to a turnstone. Its upperparts and breast are pale gray and the rest of the underparts are white. It has short red legs, a black bill and a red eye. In young birds, the eyes and legs are yellowish.

Sandpipers

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

  • Upland sandpiper
    Upland sandpiper
  • Red knot
    Red knot
  • Giant snipe
    Giant snipe
  • Red phalarope
    Red phalarope
  • Willet
    Willet

Seedsnipes

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Gray-breasted seedsnipe

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Thinocoridae

The seedsnipes are a small family of birds that superficially resemble sparrows. They have short legs and long wings and are herbivorous waders.

Jacanas

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Wattled jacana

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a family of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Painted-snipes

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South American painted-snipe

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored.

Pratincoles and coursers

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Collared pratincole

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Skuas

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Chilean skua

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Skimmers

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Black skimmer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rynchopidae

Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Gulls

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls and terns. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

  • Swallow-tailed gull
    Swallow-tailed gull
  • Andean gull
    Andean gull
  • Olrog's gull
    Olrog's gull
  • Inca tern
    Inca tern
  • South American tern
    South American tern

Sunbittern

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Sunbittern

Order: Eurypygiformes   Family: Eurypygidae

The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.

Tropicbirds

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Red-billed tropicbird

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Penguins

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Magellanic penguin

Order: Sphenisciformes   Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

Albatrosses

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Black-browed albatross

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Southern storm-petrels

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Gray-backed storm-petrel

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Northern storm-petrels

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Leach's storm-petrel

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Shearwaters

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Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

  • Southern giant-petrel
    Southern giant-petrel
  • Soft-plumaged petrel
    Soft-plumaged petrel
  • Galapagos petrel
    Galapagos petrel
  • Pink-footed shearwater
    Pink-footed shearwater
  • Peruvian diving-petrel
    Peruvian diving-petrel

Storks

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Maguari stork

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Frigatebirds

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Great frigatebird

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies

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Peruvian booby

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Anhingas

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Anhinga

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

Cormorants

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Red-legged cormorant

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.

Pelicans

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Peruvian pelican

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

Herons

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Zigzag heron
Whistling heron

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

Ibises

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Sharp-tailed ibis

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

New World vultures

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Andean condor

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.

Osprey

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Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Hawks

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Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

  • Black-and-chestnut eagle
    Black-and-chestnut eagle
  • Cinereous harrier
    Cinereous harrier
  • Rufous crab hawk
    Rufous crab hawk
  • Chaco eagle
    Chaco eagle
  • Black-faced hawk
    Black-faced hawk

Barn owls

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Barn owl

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Owls

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Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

  • Rufescent screech-owl
    Rufescent screech-owl
  • Tawny-browed owl
    Tawny-browed owl
  • Black-banded owl
    Black-banded owl
  • Amazonian pygmy-owl
    Amazonian pygmy-owl
  • Buff-fronted owl
    Buff-fronted owl

Trogons

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Crested quetzal
Blue-crowned trogon

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

Motmots

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Andean motmot

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Momotidae

The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

Kingfishers

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Amazon kingfisher

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Jacamars

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White-eared jacamar
Bluish-fronted jacamar

Order: Galbuliformes   Family: Galbulidae

The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. They resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.

Puffbirds

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Chestnut-capped puffbird
Russet-throated puffbird

Order: Galbuliformes   Family: Bucconidae

The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.

New World barbets

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Black-spotted barbet
Versicolored barbet

Order: Piciformes   Family: Capitonidae

The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.

Toucan barbet

[edit]
Toucan barbet

Order: Piciformes   Family: Semnornithidae

The toucan barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.

Toucans

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Order: Piciformes   Family: Ramphastidae

Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

  • Red-breasted toucan
    Red-breasted toucan
  • Crimson-rumped toucanet
    Crimson-rumped toucanet
  • Many-banded aracari
    Many-banded aracari

Woodpeckers

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Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

  • Ecuadorian piculet
    Ecuadorian piculet
  • Golden-collared woodpecker
    Golden-collared woodpecker
  • Magellanic woodpecker
    Magellanic woodpecker
  • Rufous-headed woodpecker
    Rufous-headed woodpecker
  • Andean flicker
    Andean flicker

Seriemas

[edit]
Red-legged seriema

Order: Cariamiformes   Family: Cariamidae

The seriemas are terrestrial birds which run rather than fly (though they are able to fly for short distances). They have long legs, necks and tails, but only short wings, reflecting their way of life. They are brownish birds with short bills and erectile crests, found on fairly-dry open grasslands.

Falcons

[edit]
Lined forest-falcon
Chimango caracara

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Old World parrots

[edit]
Rose-ringed parakeet

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

New World and African parrots

[edit]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

  • Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet
    Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet
  • Tui parakeet
    Tui parakeet
  • Pileated parrot
    Pileated parrot
  • Orange-cheeked parrot
    Orange-cheeked parrot
  • Yellow-faced parrot
    Yellow-faced parrot
  • Turquoise-fronted parrot
    Turquoise-fronted parrot
  • Painted parakeet
    Painted parakeet
  • White-breasted parakeets
    White-breasted parakeets
  • Blue-headed macaw
    Blue-headed macaw
  • Mitred parakeet
    Mitred parakeet

Sapayoa

[edit]
Sapayoa

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sapayoidae

The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.

Antbirds

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

  • Ash-winged antwren
    Ash-winged antwren
  • White-bearded antshrike
    White-bearded antshrike
  • Collared antshrike
    Collared antshrike
  • Bolivian slaty-antshrike
    Bolivian slaty-antshrike
  • Amazonian antshrike
    Amazonian antshrike
  • Black bushbird
    Black bushbird
  • White-streaked antvireo
    White-streaked antvireo
  • Rufous-bellied antwren
    Rufous-bellied antwren
  • Brown-belllied stipplethroat
    Brown-belllied stipplethroat
  • Stripe-backed antbird
    Stripe-backed antbird
  • Spot-backed antwren
    Spot-backed antwren
  • White-shouldered fire-eye
    White-shouldered fire-eye
  • Ferruginous-backed antbird
    Ferruginous-backed antbird
  • Hairy-crested antbird
    Hairy-crested antbird
  • Dot-backed antbird
    Dot-backed antbird

Crescentchests

[edit]
Collared crescentchest

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Melanopareiidae

These are smallish birds which inhabit regions of arid scrub. They have a band across the chest which gives them their name.

Gnateaters

[edit]
Chestnut-belted gnateater

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Conopophagidae

The gnateaters are round, short-tailed and long-legged birds, which are closely related to the antbirds.

Antpittas

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Grallariidae

Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails and stout bills.

  • Moustached andpitta
    Moustached andpitta
  • Jocotoco antpitta
    Jocotoco antpitta
  • Rufous antpitta
    Rufous antpitta
  • Spotted antpitta
    Spotted antpitta
  • Rusty-breasted antpitta
    Rusty-breasted antpitta

Tapaculos

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhinocryptidae

The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.

  • Ocellated tapaculo
    Ocellated tapaculo
  • Trilling tapaculo
    Trilling tapaculo
  • Long-tailed tapaculo
    Long-tailed tapaculo
  • Magellanic tapaculo
    Magellanic tapaculo
  • Diademed tapaculo
    Diademed tapaculo

Antthrushes

[edit]
Striated antthrush

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Formicariidae

Antthrushes resemble small rails.

Ovenbirds

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.

  • Rufous-breasted leaftosser
    Rufous-breasted leaftosser
  • Rufous-banded miner
    Rufous-banded miner
  • Planalto woodcreeper
    Planalto woodcreeper
  • Great rufous woodcreeper
    Great rufous woodcreeper
  • Curve-billed scythebill
    Curve-billed scythebill
  • Inambari woodcreeper
    Inambari woodcreeper
  • Streaked tuftedcheek
    Streaked tuftedcheek
  • Pale-legged hornero
    Pale-legged hornero
  • Curve-billed reedhaunter
    Curve-billed reedhaunter
  • Cream-winged cinclodes
    Cream-winged cinclodes
  • Canebrake groundcreeper
    Canebrake groundcreeper
  • Pearled treerunner
    Pearled treerunner
  • Orange-breasted thornbird
    Orange-breasted thornbird
  • Tepui spinetail
    Tepui spinetail
  • Hoary-throated spinetail
    Hoary-throated spinetail

Manakins

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pipridae

The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries and insects.

  • Tiny tyrant-manakin
    Tiny tyrant-manakin
  • Blue-backed manakin
    Blue-backed manakin
  • White-fronted manakin
    White-fronted manakin
  • Crimson-hooded manakin
    Crimson-hooded manakin
  • Round-tailed manakin
    Round-tailed manakin

Cotingas

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cotingidae

The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.

  • Green-and-black fruiteater
    Green-and-black fruiteater
  • Red-banded fruiteater
    Red-banded fruiteater
  • Swallow-tailed cotinga
    Swallow-tailed cotinga
  • Red-ruffed fruitcrow
    Red-ruffed fruitcrow
  • Pompadour cotinga
    Pompadour cotinga

Tityras

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tityridae

Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.

  • Varzea schiffornis
    Varzea schiffornis
  • White-naped xenopsaris
    White-naped xenopsaris
  • Pink-throated becard
    Pink-throated becard

Sharpbill

[edit]
Sharpbill

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oxyruncidae

The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.

Royal flycatchers

[edit]
Ruddy-tailed flycatcher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Onychorhynchidae

In 2019 the SACC determined that these five species, which were formerly considered tyrant flycatchers, belonged in their own family.

Tyrant flycatchers

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

  • Cinnamon manakin-tyrant
    Cinnamon manakin-tyrant
  • Marble-faced bristle-tyrant
    Marble-faced bristle-tyrant
  • Bay-ringed tyrannulet
    Bay-ringed tyrannulet
  • Rufous-breasted flycatcher
    Rufous-breasted flycatcher
  • Long-crested pygmy-tyrant
    Long-crested pygmy-tyrant
  • Zimmer's tody-tyrant
    Zimmer's tody-tyrant
  • Ochre-faced tody-flycatcher
    Ochre-faced tody-flycatcher
  • Red-billed tyrannulet
    Red-billed tyrannulet
  • Greater wagtail-tyrant
    Greater wagtail-tyrant
  • White-crested elaenia
    White-crested elaenia
  • Greenish tyrannulet
    Greenish tyrannulet
  • Black-crested tit-tyrant
    Black-crested tit-tyrant
  • White-throated kingbird
    White-throated kingbird
  • D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant
    D'Orbigny's chat-tyrant
  • White monjita
    White monjita

Vireos

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

  • Gray-chested greenlet
    Gray-chested greenlet
  • Rufous-naped greenlet
    Rufous-naped greenlet
  • Noronha vireo
    Noronha vireo

Jays

[edit]
Turquoise jay
Plush-crested jay

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Larks

[edit]
Horned lark

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Swallows

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

  • Brown-bellied swallow
    Brown-bellied swallow
  • Southern martin
    Southern martin
  • White-rumped swallow
    White-rumped swallow

Wrens

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

  • Tooth-billed wren
    Tooth-billed wren
  • Fasciated wren
    Fasciated wren
  • Moustached wren
    Moustached wren
  • Rufous wren
    Rufous wren
  • Munchique wood-wren
    Munchique wood-wren

Gnatcatchers

[edit]
Masked gnatcatcher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.

Donacobius

[edit]
Black-capped donacobius

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Donacobiidae

The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay.

Dippers

[edit]
White-capped dipper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

Waxwings

[edit]
Cedar waxwing

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Thrushes

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

  • Andean solitaire
    Andean solitaire
  • Austral thrush
    Austral thrush
  • Rufous-bellied thrush
    Rufous-bellied thrush
  • Creamy-bellied thrush
    Creamy-bellied thrush
  • Glossy-black thrush
    Glossy-black thrush

Old World flycatchers

[edit]
Northern wheatear

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Mockingbirds

[edit]
Chalk-browed mockingbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.

Starlings

[edit]
Crested myna

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Weavers

[edit]
Village weaver

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.

Estreldids

[edit]
Common waxbill

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have a wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Old World sparrows

[edit]
House sparrow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Pipits and wagtails

[edit]
Correndera pipit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

  • Andean siskin
    Andean siskin
  • Black-chinned siskin
    Black-chinned siskin
  • Purple-throated euphonia
    Purple-throated euphonia
  • Chestnut-bellied euphonia
    Chestnut-bellied euphonia

Thrush-tanager

[edit]
Rosy thrush-tanager

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhodinocichlidae

This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Sparrows

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

  • Tanager finch
    Tanager finch
  • Yellow-browed sparrow
    Yellow-browed sparrow
  • Perija brushfinch
    Perija brushfinch
  • Pale-naped brushfinch
    Pale-naped brushfinch
  • Black-faced brushfinch
    Black-faced brushfinch

Blackbirds

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

  • White-browed meadowlark
    White-browed meadowlark
  • Green oropendola
    Green oropendola
  • Orange-backed troupial
    Orange-backed troupial
  • Screaming cowbirds
    Screaming cowbirds
  • Yellow-winged blackbird
    Yellow-winged blackbird

Wood-warblers

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

  • Masked yellowthroat
    Masked yellowthroat
  • Flavescent warbler
    Flavescent warbler
  • Russet-crowned warbler
    Russet-crowned warbler
  • Three-striped warbler
    Three-striped warbler
  • Spectacled redstart
    Spectacled redstart

Mitrospingids

[edit]
Red-billed pied tanager

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mitrospingidae

Until 2017 the four species in this family were included in the family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers.

Cardinal grosbeaks

[edit]
Vermilion cardinal
Glaucous-blue grosbeak

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Tanagers

[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.

  • White-capped tanager
    White-capped tanager
  • Bicolored conebill
    Bicolored conebill
  • Citron-headed yellow-finch
    Citron-headed yellow-finch
  • Patagonian sierra-finch
    Patagonian sierra-finch
  • Yellow-bridled finch
    Yellow-bridled finch
  • Black-throated flowerpiercer
    Black-throated flowerpiercer
  • Black-goggled tanager
    Black-goggled tanager
  • Silver-beaked tanager
    Silver-beaked tanager
  • Pearly-bellied seedeater
    Pearly-bellied seedeater
  • Black-headed hemispingus
    Black-headed hemispingus
  • Scarlet-bellied mountain tanager
    Scarlet-bellied mountain tanager
  • Beryl-spangled tanager
    Beryl-spangled tanager
  • Seven-colored tanager
    Seven-colored tanager
  • Green-and-gold tanager
    Green-and-gold tanager
  • Spotted tanager
    Spotted tanager

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The SACC has split Nyctiprogne atifascia from Nyctiprogne leucopyga (Proposal 673) but has not assigned English names, so the proposal has not been implemented and the counts do not reflect the change.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 27 July 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 28, 2024
  2. ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 27 July 2024. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 28, 2024
  3. ^ Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023

See also

[edit]
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