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Administrative divisions of India

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"Regions of India" redirects here. For ecological regions, see List of ecoregions in India. For climatic regions, see Climate of India § Regions.

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The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of administrative divisions.

Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu).[1]

The smaller subdivisions (villages and blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions.

Tiers of India

[edit]
Main article: Local government in India

The diagram below outlines the six tiers of administrative divisions:

Country
(India)
State
(e.g. West Bengal State)
Division
(e.g. Presidency Division)
District
(e.g. North 24 Parganas District)
Sub-district
(Subdivision, Tehsil/Taluka)
(e.g. Basirhat Subdivision)
Block
(e.g. Basirhat II Block)
Village
(e.g. Chaita village)

Zones and regions

[edit]

Zones

[edit]
The six zones of India

The states of India have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971.[2] The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under:[3]

Cultural zones

[edit]

Each zone has a zonal headquarters where a zonal cultural center has been established.[7] Several states have membership in multiple zones, but no state subdivisions are utilized in the zonal divisions. In addition to promoting the culture of the zones they are responsible for, each zonal center also works to cross-promote and create exposure to other cultural zones of India by organizing functions and inviting artistes from other zones.

class=notpageimage|
Location of the headquarters of each cultural zone
Zone Zonal Centre Extent
South Culture Zone South Zone Cultural Centre, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Telangana[8]
South Central Culture Zone South-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana[9]
North Culture Zone North Zone Cultural Centre, Patiala, Punjab Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand[10]
North Central Culture Zone North-Central Zone Cultural Centre, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand[11]
East Culture Zone East Zone Cultural Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal[12]
North East Culture Zone North East Zone Cultural Centre, Dimapur, Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura[13]
West Culture Zone West Zone Cultural Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan[14]

States and union territories

[edit]
Main article: States and union territories of India

India is composed of 28 states and eight union territories (including a national capital territory).[15]

This section is transcluded from States and union territories of India. (edit | history)
See also: List of state and union territory capitals in India

States

[edit]
State ISO Vehicle
code 		Zone Capital Largest city Statehood Population
(2011)[16][17] 		Area
(km2) 		Official
languages[18] 		Additional official
languages[18]
Andhra Pradesh IN-AP AP Southern Amaravati Visakhapatnam 1 November 1956 49,506,799 162,975 Telugu Urdu[19]
Arunachal Pradesh IN-AR AR North-Eastern Itanagar 20 February 1987 1,383,727 83,743 English —
Assam IN-AS AS North-Eastern Dispur Guwahati 26 January 1950 31,205,576 78,438 Assamese, Boro Bengali
Bihar IN-BR BR Eastern Patna 26 January 1950 104,099,452 94,163 Hindi Urdu
Chhattisgarh IN-CG CG Central Raipur[a] 1 November 2000 25,545,198 135,194 Hindi Chhattisgarhi
Goa IN-GA GA Western Panaji Vasco da Gama 30 May 1987 1,458,545 3,702 Konkani Marathi
Gujarat IN-GJ GJ Western Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 1 May 1960 60,439,692 196,024 Gujarati, Hindi —
Haryana IN-HR HR Northern Chandigarh Faridabad 1 November 1966 25,351,462 44,212 Hindi Punjabi[20]
Himachal Pradesh IN-HP HP Northern Shimla (Summer)
Dharamshala (Winter)[21] 		Shimla 25 January 1971 6,864,602 55,673 Hindi Sanskrit[22]
Jharkhand IN-JH JH Eastern Ranchi Jamshedpur 15 November 2000 32,988,134 79,714 Hindi Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[23][24]
Karnataka IN-KA KA Southern Bangalore 1 November 1956 61,095,297 191,791 Kannada —
Kerala IN-KL KL Southern Thiruvananthapuram 1 November 1956 33,406,061 38,863 Malayalam English[25]
Madhya Pradesh IN-MP MP Central Bhopal Indore 1 November 1956 72,626,809 308,252 Hindi —
Maharashtra IN-MH MH Western Mumbai (Summer)
Nagpur (Winter)[26][27] 		Mumbai 1 May 1960 112,374,333 307,713 Marathi —
Manipur IN-MN MN North-Eastern Imphal 21 January 1972 2,855,794 22,327 Meitei English
Meghalaya IN-ML ML North-Eastern Shillong 21 January 1972 2,966,889 22,429 English —
Mizoram IN-MZ MZ North-Eastern Aizawl 20 February 1987 1,097,206 21,081 Mizo, English —
Nagaland IN-NL NL North-Eastern Kohima Dimapur 1 December 1963 1,978,502 16,579 English —
Odisha IN-OD OD Eastern Bhubaneswar 26 January 1950 41,974,218 155,707 Odia —
Punjab IN-PB PB Northern Chandigarh Ludhiana 1 November 1966 27,743,338 50,362 Punjabi —
Rajasthan IN-RJ RJ Northern Jaipur 26 January 1950 68,548,437 342,239 Hindi English
Sikkim IN-SK SK North-Eastern Gangtok 16 May 1975 610,577 7,096 Nepali, Sikkimese, Lepcha, English[28] Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu IN-TN TN Southern Chennai 1 November 1956 72,147,030 130,058 Tamil English
Telangana IN-TS TG[29] Southern Hyderabad[b] 2 June 2014 35,193,978[34] 112,077[34] Telugu Urdu[35]
Tripura IN-TR TR North-Eastern Agartala 21 January 1972 3,673,917 10,491 Bengali, English, Kokborok —
Uttar Pradesh IN-UP UP Central Lucknow 26 January 1950 199,812,341 240,928 Hindi Urdu
Uttarakhand IN-UK UK Central Bhararisain (Summer)
Dehradun (Winter)[36] 		Dehradun 9 November 2000 10,086,292 53,483 Hindi Sanskrit[37]
West Bengal IN-WB WB Eastern Kolkata 26 January 1950 91,276,115 88,752 Bengali, English Nepali,[c] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu, Kamatapuri, Rajbanshi, Kurmali, Kurukh
  1. ^ Nava Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
  2. ^ Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.[30][31] Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.[32] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017.[33]
  3. ^ Bengali and Nepali are the official languages in the Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of the Darjeeling district.

Union territories

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Union territory § Current union territories.[edit]
State[38] ISO[39] Vehicle
code[40] 		Zone[41] Capital[38] Largest city[42] Established[43] Population
(2011)[44] 		Area
(km2)[45] 		Official
languages[46] 		Additional official
languages[46]
Andaman and Nicobar Islands IN-AN AN Eastern Port Blair 1 November 1956 380,581 8,249 Hindi, English —
Chandigarh IN-CH CH Northern Chandigarh 1 November 1966 1,055,450 114 English —
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu IN-DH DD Western Daman Silvassa 26 January 2020 587,106 603 Hindi, English Gujarati
Delhi IN-DL DL Northern New Delhi Delhi 1 November 1956 16,787,941 1,484 Hindi, English Urdu, Punjabi[47]
Jammu and Kashmir IN-JK JK Northern Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)[48] 		Srinagar 31 October 2019 12,258,433 42,241 Dogri, English, Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu —
Ladakh IN-LA LA Northern Leh (Summer)
Kargil (Winter)[49] 		Leh 31 October 2019 290,492 59,146 Hindi, English —
Lakshadweep IN-LD LD Southern Kavaratti Andrott 1 November 1956 64,473 32 Hindi, English Malayalam
Puducherry IN-PY PY Southern Pondicherry 16 August 1962 1,247,953 479 Tamil, French, English Telugu, Malayalam

Autonomous administrative divisions

[edit]
Main article: Autonomous administrative divisions of India
Autonomous councils in India

The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous administrative divisions which have been given autonomy within their respective states.[50]

Presently, 10 Autonomous Councils in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura are formed by virtue of the Sixth Schedule[51] with the rest being formed as a result of other legislation.

This section is transcluded from Autonomous administrative divisions of India. (edit | history)

Autonomous district councils operating under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India are shown in bold.

Sl. No. State/UT Autonomous Council Headquarters Formation
1 Assam Bodoland Territorial Council Kokrajhar 2003
2 North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council Haflong 1951
3 Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council Diphu 1952
4 Tiwa Autonomous Council Morigaon 1995
5 Mising Autonomous Council Dhemaji 1995
6 Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council Dudhnoi 1995
7 Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council Dibrugarh 2005
8 Thengal Kachari Autonomous Council Titabar 2005
9 Deori Autonomous Council Narayanpur 2005
10 Moran Autonomous Council Tinsukia 2020
11 Matak Autonomous Council Chring Gaon 2020
12 Bodo Kachari Welfare Autonomous Council Simen Chapori 2020
13 Kamtapur Autonomous Council Abhayapuri 2020
14 Ladakh Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil Kargil 2003
15 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh Leh 1995
16 Manipur Chandel Autonomous District Council Chandel 1971[52]
17 Churachandpur Autonomous District Council Churachandpur 1971[52]
18 Sadar Hills Kangpokpi 1971[52]
19 Manipur North Autonomous District Council Senapati 1971[52]
20 Tamenglong Autonomous District Council Tamenglong 1971[52]
21 Ukhrul Autonomous District Council Ukhrul 1971[52]
22 Meghalaya Garo Hills Autonomous District Council Tura 1973
23 Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council Jowai 1973
24 Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council Shillong 1973
25 Mizoram Chakma Autonomous District Council Kamalanagar 1972
26 Lai Autonomous District Council Lawngtlai 1972
27 Mara Autonomous District Council Siaha 1972
28 Tripura Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council Khumulwng 1982
29 West Bengal Gorkhaland Territorial Administration Darjeeling 2012

Divisions

[edit]
Main article: List of divisions in India

Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions, which have official administrative governmental status, and each division is headed by a senior IAS officer called Divisional Commissioner.

States like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Goa, etc. don't have separate divisions or regions. Instead, they're directly split into districts for administrative purposes.

As of September 2022, divisions exist in 18 of the 28 states and 3 of the 8 union territories. As of September 2022, there are a total of 102 divisions in India.

This section is transcluded from List of divisions in India. (edit | history)
No. of divisions in each state or UT
State/union territory No. of divisions Population[53] Population per division
Andhra Pradesh - 49,386,799 -
Arunachal Pradesh 3 1,383,727 461,242
Assam 5 31,169,272 6,233,854
Bihar 9 104,099,452 11,566,606
Chhattisgarh 5 25,545,198 5,109,040
Goa - 1,458,545 -
Gujarat - 60,439,692 -
Haryana 6 25,351,462 4,225,244
Himachal Pradesh 3 6,864,602 2,288,201
Telangana - 35,193,978 -
Jharkhand 5 32,988,134 6,597,627
Karnataka 4 61,095,297 15,273,824
Kerala - 33,406,061 -
Madhya Pradesh 10 72,626,809 7,262,681
Maharashtra 6 112,374,333 18,729,056
Manipur - 2,721,756 -
Meghalaya 2 2,966,889 1,483,445
Mizoram - 1,097,206 -
Nagaland 1 1,978,502 1,978,502
Odisha 3 41,974,218 13,991,406
Punjab 5 27,743,338 5,548,668
Rajasthan 7 68,548,437 9,792,634
Sikkim - 610,577 -
Tamil Nadu - 72,147,030 -
Tripura - 3,673,917 -
Uttar Pradesh 18 199,812,341 11,100,686
Uttarakhand 2 10,086,292 5,043,146
West Bengal 5 91,276,115 18,255,223
Andaman and Nicobar Islands - 380,581 -
Chandigarh - 1,055,450 -
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu - 586,956 -
Jammu and Kashmir 2 12,258,433 6,129,217
Ladakh 1 290,492 290,492
Lakshadweep - 64,473 -
Delhi 1 16,787,941 16,787,941
Puducherry - 1,247,953 -
Total  103 1,210,854,977 11,755,874

Regions within states

[edit]

Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However, the boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts.

Districts

[edit]
Main article: List of districts in India

States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into districts (zilla), of which there are 797 (as of Nov 2023). A district in India, officially referred to as a revenue district, is a basic administrative unit under a state or union territory. Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate.

This section is transcluded from List of districts in India. (edit | history)
Number of districts & population (as per 2011) in administrative divisions
Administrative divisions No. of districts Total population Population per district
States
Andhra Pradesh 26 49,577,103 1,906,812
Arunachal Pradesh 28 1,383,727 53,220
Assam 35 31,205,576 891,588
Bihar 38 104,099,452 2,739,459
Chhattisgarh 33 25,545,198 774,097
Goa 2 1,458,545 729,273
Gujarat 33 60,439,692 1,831,506
Haryana 22 25,351,462 1,152,339
Himachal Pradesh 12 6,864,602 528,046
Jharkhand 24 32,988,134 1,374,506
Karnataka 31 61,095,297 1,970,816
Kerala 14 33,406,061 2,386,147
Madhya Pradesh 55 72,626,809 1,274,155
Maharashtra 36 112,374,333 3,121,509
Manipur 16 2,570,390 160,649
Meghalaya 12 2,966,889 247,241
Mizoram 11 1,097,206 99,746
Nagaland 16 1,978,502 123,656
Odisha 30 41,974,218 1,399,141
Punjab 23 27,743,338 1,206,232
Rajasthan 50 68,548,437 1,246,335
Sikkim 6 610,577 101,763
Tamil Nadu 38 72,147,030 1,898,606
Telangana 33 35,003,674 1,060,717
Tripura 8 3,673,917 459,240
Uttar Pradesh 75 199,812,341 2,664,165
Uttarakhand 13 10,086,292 593,311
West Bengal 23 91,276,115 3,968,527
Union Territory
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 3 380,581 126,860
Chandigarh 1 1,055,450 1,055,450
Dadra Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu 3 586,956 195,652
Jammu and Kashmir 20 12,258,093 612,905
Ladakh 2 290,492 72,623
Lakshadweep 1 64,473 64,473
Delhi 11 16,787,941 1,526,176
Puducherry 4 1,247,953 311,988
Total 787 1,210,576,856 1,501,956
Largest and Smallest Districts in India
Largest District Smallest District
By Land Area Kutch district Mahe district
By Population North 24 Parganas district Dibang Valley district

Subdistricts

[edit]

In some instances, tehsils (sub-districts) overlap with "blocks" (panchayat union blocks or community development blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area.

Main article: List of subdistricts in India
This section is transcluded from List of subdistricts in India. (edit | history)

States use varying names for their sub-districts. Detailed information is as follows (as of 2018):[54]

State/ Union territory Subdistrict title No. of
subdistricts
Andhra Pradesh Mandal (circle) 679
Arunachal Pradesh Circle 149
Assam Subdivision 155
Bihar Subdivision 101
Chhattisgarh Tehsil 228
Goa Taluka 12
Gujarat Taluka 248[55]
Haryana Tehsil 67
Himachal Pradesh Tehsil 109
Jharkhand Subdivision 210
Karnataka Taluk 240
Kerala Taluk 78
Madhya Pradesh Tehsil 412
Maharashtra Taluka 353
Manipur Subdivision 38
Meghalaya Subdivision 39
Mizoram Subdivision 22
Nagaland Circle 93
Odisha Tehsil 485
Punjab Tehsil 172
Rajasthan Tehsil 268
Sikkim Subdivision 9
Tamil Nadu Taluk 215[56]
Telangana Mandal

(Circle)

74
Tripura Subdivision 38
Uttar Pradesh Tehsil 350
Uttarakhand Tehsil 113
West Bengal Subdivision 69
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Tehsil 7
Chandigarh Tehsil 1
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Tehsil 3
Delhi Tehsil 33
Jammu and Kashmir Tehsil 55
Ladakh Tehsil 4
Lakshadweep Subdivision 4
Puducherry Tehsil 8
Total 6057

Rural level

[edit]
Main article: Panchayati raj

Blocks

[edit]
Main article: Community development block

The Community Development Block also known as CD Block or just block, is often the next level of administrative division (for development purposes, whereas tehsil is next to the district for revenue purposes).

This section is transcluded from Community development block. (edit | history)
State CD Block Number of
CD Blocks
Andaman and Nicobar Islands CD Block 9[57]
Andhra Pradesh Mandal 685
Arunachal Pradesh Block or Circle 112[58]
Assam Block 219[59]
Bihar Block 342
Chandigarh Block 3
Chhattisgarh CD Block 342
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu CD Block 342
Delhi CD Block 342
Goa CD Block 342
Gujarat CD Block 342
Haryana Block 142
Himachal Pradesh CD Block 342
Jammu and Kashmir CD Block 342
Jharkhand Block 263
Karnataka CD Block 342
Kerala Block 152
Ladakh CD Block 342
Lakshadweep CD Block 342
Madhya Pradesh CD Block 342
Maharashtra CD Block 342
Manipur CD Block 342
Meghalaya CD Block 342
Mizoram CD Block 342
Nagaland CD Block 342
Odisha CD Block 314
Puducherry CD Block 342
Punjab CD Block 342
Rajasthan CD Block 342
Sikkim CD Block 342
Tamilnadu Taluk 220
Telangana Mandal 342
Tripura CD Block 58
Uttar Pradesh CD Block 822[60]
Uttarakhand CD Block 95
West Bengal CD Block 342[61][62]

Villages

[edit]

Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayat, of which there were an estimated 256,000 in 2002. Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages with a combined population exceeding 500 Gram Sabha. Clusters of villages are also sometimes called Hobli or Patti.

Habitations

[edit]

Certain governmental functions and activities - including clean water availability, rural development, and education - are tracked at a sub-village level.[63] These hamlets are termed "habitations". India is composed of 1,714,556 habitations [64] In some states, most villages have a single habitation; in others (notably Kerala and Tripura) there is a high ratio of habitations to villages.[65]

Metropolitan area

[edit]
Main articles: List of metropolitan areas in India and List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India

A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighbourhoods, townships, cities, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

The metropolitan cities of India are: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad & Ahmedabad.

Historical administrative divisions

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Archived copy - Table 1.1 - India at a Glance - Administrative Division - 2001" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General of India, New Delhi. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  2. ^ "NEC -- North Eastern Council". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  3. ^ "Zonal Council". Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  4. ^ "Zonal Council |". mha.nic.in. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  5. ^ "The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 (Act No.37 Of 1956) Part – Iii Zones And Zonal Councils" (PDF). Interstatecouncil.nic.in. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Present Composition Of The Southern Zonal Council" (PDF). Interstatecouncil.nic.in. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  7. ^ South Zone Culture Center: Other Zones, South Zone Culture Centre, archived from the original on 3 March 2011, retrieved 15 December 2010, ... North East Zone Cultural Centre – Nagaland – Assam, Tripura, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland & Meghalaya ...
  8. ^ "Inauguration of SĀDHANĀ". szccindia.org. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  9. ^ "Application for solo exhibition at Raja Ravi Verma Art gallery, Nagpur" (docx). South Central Zone Cultural Center. p. 4. Retrieved 25 May 2017.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "North Zone Cultural Centre". culturenorthindia. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  11. ^ "NCZCC – North Central Zone Cultural Centre, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh". nczcc. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Eastern Zonal Cultural Centre". www.ezcc-india.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  13. ^ "North East Zonal Cultural Centre". www.nezccindia.org.in. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  14. ^ "About West Zone Cultural Center – WZCC – West Zone Cultural Centre". wzccindia.com. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  15. ^ "Profile | National Portal of India". www.india.gov.in. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  16. ^ List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011 (Report). Census commissioner, Government of India. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
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  18. ^ a b Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) (PDF) (Report). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
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  28. ^ 1977 Sikkim government gazette (PDF). Sikkim Legislative Assembly. p. 188. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
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  36. ^ "Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand". Times Now. 8 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  37. ^ Singh, Pallavi (19 April 2010). "Sanskrit: reviving the language in today's India". mint. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  38. ^ a b "State/UTs and capitals". Government of India. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
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