Office of Inspector General (United States)
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In the United States, Office of Inspector General (OIG) is a generic term for the oversight division of a federal or state agency aimed at preventing inefficient or unlawful operations within their parent agency. Such offices are attached to many federal executive departments, independent federal agencies, as well as state and local governments. Each office includes an inspector general (or IG) and employees charged with identifying, auditing, and investigating fraud, waste, abuse, embezzlement and mismanagement of any kind within the executive department.
History[edit]
In the United States, other than in the military departments, the first Office of Inspector General was established by act of Congress in 1976[1] under the Department of Health and Human Services to eliminate waste, fraud, and abuse in Medicare, Medicaid, and more than 100 other departmental programs.[2] With approximately 1,600 employees, the HHS-OIG performs audits, investigations, and evaluations to recommend policy for decision-makers and the public.[3]
Ronald Reagan terminated 16 inspectors general when he entered into office in 1981. His administration explained that Reagan intended to hire his own selections. After Congress objected, Reagan rehired 5 of those terminated.[4]
George H. W. Bush also attempted to dismiss all the inspectors general when he became president in 1989, but relented after the inspectors general and Congress objected.[4]
Barack Obama dismissed Corporation for National and Community Service inspector general Gerald Walpin citing a lack of confidence in him.[4] After Congress objected to his lack of explanation, the Obama administration cited that Walpin had shown "troubling and inappropriate conduct", and pointed to an incident that year when Walpin was "disoriented" during a board meeting of the Corporation, because of which the board requested Walpin's dismissal.[4] Walpin sued for reinstatement, but the courts ruled against him.[4]
In 2020, Donald Trump dismissed or replaced five inspectors general within six weeks. Two permanent inspectors general were dismissed and three acting inspectors general were replaced.[5] Just after firing intelligence inspector general Michael Atkinson, Trump criticized Atkinson as having done a "terrible job" and that he "took a fake report and he brought it to Congress", in reference to the whistleblower complaint of the Trump–Ukraine scandal, which other testimony and evidence largely verified. Trump also described Atkinson as "not a big Trump fan".[6][7] Around one month before Trump replaced Christi Grimm as acting health inspector general, he had called her report of shortages of medical supplies in American hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States as "wrong", "fake", and "her opinion", despite the report being based on a survey of 323 hospitals. Trump also questioned Grimm's motives for the report.[8][9]
Authority[edit]
The Inspector General Act of 1978[10] created 12 departmental inspectors general. Thirty years later, in October 2008, the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 added IGs in various other areas. As of July 2014[update], there were 72 statutory IGs.[11]
The offices employ special agents (criminal investigators, often armed) and auditors. In addition, federal offices of inspectors general employ forensic auditors, or "audigators", evaluators, inspectors, administrative investigators, and a variety of other specialists. Their activities include the detection and prevention of fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement of the government programs and operations within their parent organizations. Office investigations may be internal, targeting government employees, or external, targeting grant recipients, contractors, or recipients of the various loans and subsidies offered through the thousands of federal domestic and foreign assistance programs.[12] The Inspector General Reform Act of 2008[13] (IGRA) amended the 1978 act[10] by increasing pay and various powers and creating the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE).[14][15]
Some inspectors general, the heads of the offices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.[18] For example, both the inspector general of the U.S. Department of Labor and the inspector general of the U.S. Agency for International Development are presidentially appointed. The remaining inspectors general are designated by their respective agency heads,[19] such as the U.S. Postal Service inspector general.[20] Presidentially appointed IGs can only be removed, or terminated, from their positions by the President of the United States, whereas designated inspectors general can be terminated by the agency head.[21] However, in both cases Congress must be notified of the termination, removal, or reassignment.
While the IG Act of 1978[10] requires that inspectors general be selected based upon their qualifications and not political affiliation, presidentially appointed inspectors general are considered political appointees and are often selected, if only in part and in addition to their qualifications, because of their political relationships and party affiliation. An example of the role political affiliation plays in the selection of an inspector general, and the resulting pitfalls, can be seen in the 2001 Republican appointment (and resignation under fire) of Janet Rehnquist[22] (daughter of former Chief Justice of the United States, William Rehnquist) to the post of inspector general for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[23]
While all of the federal offices of inspectors general operate separately from one another, they share information and some coordination through the Council of Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.[24] As of 2010[update], the CIGIE comprised 68 offices.[25] In addition to their inspector general members, the CIGIE includes non-inspector general representatives from the federal executive branch, such as executives from the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Government Ethics, the Office of Special Counsel, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The CIGIE also provides specialized training to the inspector general community.
Further evidence of coordination between federal offices of inspectors general can be seen by the public through the offices' shared website,[26] and the use of shared training facilities and resources, such as the Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy (IGCIA),[27] and their Inspector General Community Auditor Training Team (IGCATS),[28] which are hosted by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).
Evidence of the offices' return on investment to taxpayers can be seen through their semi-annual reports to Congress, most of which are available on each office's website.[29]
Since the post-9/11 enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002,[30] resulting in the amendment of the IG Act of 1978, Section 6e, most presidentially appointed IG special agents have had full law enforcement authority to carry firearms, make arrests, and execute search warrants. Prior to this time, most presidentially appointed IG and some designated IG special agents had the equivalent law enforcement authorities as a result of other statutes or annually required deputation by the U.S. Marshals Service. The 2002 amendment to the IG Act of 1978 made most deputation of presidentially appointed IG special agents unnecessary. Some designated IG special agents, however, still have full law enforcement authority today by virtue of this continued deputation. Some OIGs employ no criminal investigators and rely solely on administrative investigators, auditors, and inspectors.
Lists of inspectors general[edit]
Presidentially-appointed, Senate-confirmed (PAS) inspectors general[edit]
Establishment inspectors general[edit]
Special inspectors general[edit]
| Jurisdiction | Officeholder | Term start | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR) | John Sopko | July 2, 2012 | SIGAR |
| Pandemic Recovery (SIGPR) | Brian Miller | June 5, 2020 | SIGPR |
| Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP) | Melissa Bruce (acting) | March 30, 2022 | SIGTARP |
Vacancies and pending nominations[edit]
Announced nominations for unfilled PAS IGs awaiting confirmation in the Senate.[53]
| Jurisdiction | Last confirmed | Vacancy date | Nominee | Nomination date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of the Treasury | Eric Thorson | June 30, 2019 | James R. Ives | January 11, 2024[54] |
| Troubled Asset Relief Program | Christy Romero | March 30, 2022 | ||
| National Security Agency and Central Security Service | Robert Storch | December 6, 2022 | ||
| Corporation for National and Community Service | Deborah Jeffrey | May 7, 2023[34] | Stephen Ravas | January 11, 2024[54] |
| General Services Administration | Carol F. Ochoa | July 1, 2023 | ||
| Internal Revenue Service | J. Russell George | January 1, 2024[55] | ||
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Paul K. Martin | January 2, 2024 | ||
| Department of Commerce | Peg Gustafson | January 5, 2024 |
List of presidentially-appointed inspectors general[edit]
PAS IG History[56]
|
|---|
Designated federal entity (DFE) inspectors general[edit]
| Jurisdiction | Officeholder | Term start | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC-OIG) | Phillip Heneghan | March 2, 2020[57] | ARC-OIG |
| Committee for Purchase from People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled (CPPBSD-OIG) | Stefania Pozzi Porter | July 15, 2021 Acting: July 15, 2021 – October 13, 2022[58] |
CPPBSD-OIG |
| Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC-OIG) | Brett Baker (acting)[b] | May 2023[59] | CFTC-OIG |
| Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC-OIG) | Christopher Dentel | January 9, 2003[60] Acting: January 9, 2003 – January 10, 2004 |
CPSC-OIG |
| Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB-OIG) | Kimberly Howell | October 7, 2019[61] | CPB-OIG |
| Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA-OIG) | Jeremy Kirkland | January 27, 2023
Acting: January 27, 2023 - June 3, 2023[62] |
DIA-OIG |
| Denali Commission (DC-OIG) | Roderick Fillinger | January 19, 2020[63] | Denali OIG |
| Election Assistance Commission (EAC-OIG) | Brianna Schletz | October 14, 2021[64] | EAC-OIG |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC-OIG) | Joyce Willoughby | July 3, 2022Acting: July 3, 2022 - March 12, 2023[65] | EEOC-OIG |
| Farm Credit Administration (FCA-OIG) | Wendy Laguarda | August 1, 2017[66] | FCA-OIG |
| Federal Election Commission (FEC-OIG) | Christopher Skinner | August 5, 2019[67] | FEC-OIG |
| Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA-OIG) | Dana Rooney | August 30, 2010[60] | FLRA-OIG |
| Federal Maritime Commission (FMC-OIG) | Jon Hatfield | August 12, 2013[60] Acting: August 12, 2013 – May 18, 2014 |
FMC-OIG |
| Federal Reserve Board and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (FRB-OIG) | Mark Bialek | July 25, 2011[60] | FRB-OIG |
| Federal Trade Commission (FTC-OIG) | Andrew Katsaros | June 8, 2018[68] Acting: June 8, 2018 – November 2018[69] |
FTC-OIG |
| International Development Finance Corporation (DFC-OIG) | Anthony Zakel | August 20, 2020[70] | DFC-OIG |
| International Trade Commission (USITC-OIG) | Rashmi Bartlett | July 6, 2021[71] | USITC-OIG |
| Legal Services Corporation (LSC-OIG) | Thomas Yatsco | April 25, 2023[72] | LSC-OIG |
| National Archives and Records Administration (NARA-OIG) | Brett Baker | April 19, 2021 Acting: April 19, 2021 – July 23, 2021 |
NARA-OIG |
| National Credit Union Administration (NCUA-OIG) | Jim Hagen | June 1, 2013[60] | NCUA-OIG |
| National Endowment for the Arts (NEA-OIG) | Ron Stith | June 13, 2016[73] | NEA-OIG |
| National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH-OIG) | Laura Davis | January 30, 2011[60] Acting: January 30, 2011 – December 17, 2012 |
NEH-OIG |
| National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA-OIG) | Cardell K. Richardson, Sr. | December 2017 | NGA-OIG |
| National Labor Relations Board (NLRB-OIG) | David Berry | November 23, 2008[60] | NLRB-OIG |
| National Railroad Passenger Corporation | Kevin Winters | February 1, 2019[74] | Amtrak OIG |
| National Science Foundation (NSF-OIG) | Allison Lerner | April 27, 2009[60] | NSF-OIG |
| Peace Corps (PC-OIG) | Joaquin E. Ferrao | January 1, 2022Acting: January 1, 2022 - April 25, 2023 | PC-OIG |
| Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC-OIG) | Nicholas Novak | April 27, 2020
Acting: April 27, 2020 – February 17, 2021 |
PBGC-OIG |
| Postal Service and Postal Regulatory Commission (USPS-OIG) | Tammy Whitcomb | February 19, 2016 Acting: February 19, 2016 – November 29, 2018 |
USPS-OIG |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC-OIG) | Deborah Jeffrey | May 7, 2023 | SEC-OIG |
| Smithsonian Institution (SI-OIG) | Joan Mockeridge (acting) | September 3, 2023 | SI-OIG |
List of DFE IGs[edit]
Legislative agency inspectors general[edit]
| Jurisdiction | Officeholder | Term start | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Architect of the Capitol (AOC-OIG) | Christopher Failla | April 17, 2017 | AOC-OIG |
| Capitol Police (USCP-OIG) | David T. Harper | February 5, 2024 | USCP-OIG |
| Government Accountability Office (GAO-OIG) | L. Nancy Birnbaum | March 27, 2022[77] | GAO-OIG |
| Government Publishing Office (GPO-OIG) | Nathan Deahl | March 1, 2023
Acting: March 1, 2023 - June 28, 2023[78] |
GPO-OIG |
| House of Representatives | Joseph C. Picolla | June 5, 2021 Acting: June 5, 2021 – April 24, 2022 |
House IG |
| Library of Congress (LOC-OIG) | Glenda B. Arrington | June 20, 2023[79] | LOC-OIG |
U.S. military[edit]
Within the United States Armed Forces, the position of inspector general is normally part of the personal staff serving a general or flag officer in a command position. The inspector general's office functions in two ways. To a certain degree they are ombudsmen for their branch of service. However, their primary function is to ensure the combat readiness of subordinate units in their command.
An armed services inspector general also investigates noncriminal allegations and some specific criminal allegations, to include determining if the matter should be referred for criminal investigation by the service's criminal investigative agency.
The Air Force Inspector General Complaints Program was established to address the concerns of Air Force active duty, reserve, and Guard members, civilian employees, family members, and retirees, as well as the interest of the Air Force. One of the first responsibilities of the Air Force inspector general is to operate a credible complaints program that investigates personnel complaints: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) allegations; congressional inquiries; and issues involving the Air Force mission. Personnel complaints and FWA disclosures to the IG help commanders correct problems that affect the productivity, mission accomplishment, and morale of assigned personnel, which are areas of high concern to Air Force leaders at all levels.[80]
| Jurisdiction | Officeholder | Term start | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States Air Force (DAF/IG) | Stephen L. Davis | March 2, 2022 | USAF-OIG |
| United States Army (DAIG) | LTG Donna W. Martin | September 2, 2021 | DAIG |
| United States Navy (NAVINSGEN) | John V. Fuller | June 11, 2021 | NAVINSGEN |
Former[edit]
- ACTION
- Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (concurrent with State Department)
- Coalition Provisional Authority
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- U.S. Information Agency
- Iraq Reconstruction (Special)
- Panama Canal Commission
- Resolution Trust Corporation
Review boards[edit]
Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute enforcement[edit]
HHS-OIG develops and distributes resources to assist the health care industry in its efforts to comply with the nation's fraud and abuse laws and to educate the public about fraudulent schemes so that it can protect itself and report suspicious activities.[2]
Recently,[when?] [clarification needed] HHS-OIG has targeted hospitals and healthcare systems for Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations pertaining to the management of physician compensation arrangements.[81] In 2015, a fraud alert was issued to publicize the OIG's intent to further regulate such non-compliance.[82] In light of such efforts and consequent record-breaking settlements, healthcare experts have begun to call for the transition from paper-based physician time logging and contract management to automated solutions.[83]
Criticism[edit]
Inspectors general have also been criticized for being ineffective and persecuting whistleblowers rather than protecting them. One example is from the Securities and Exchange Commission OIG. In a 2011 article by Matt Taibbi, SEC whistleblowers said that complaining to the SEC OIG was "well-known to be a career-killer".[84] Another example is from whistleblower Jesselyn Radack's book Canary in the Coalmine, in which she describes her experience complaining to the Department of Justice OIG; instead of helping her, the IG office helped the DOJ get her fired and restricted from practicing as a lawyer.[85] Another example is from the Thomas Andrews Drake case, in which several complainants to the Department of Defense OIG over NSA's Trailblazer Project were later raided by the FBI and some threatened with criminal prosecution.[86]
See also[edit]
Explanatory notes[edit]
- ^ Redacted version of the DoD Inspector General audit, obtained through the Freedom of Information Act by the Project on Government Oversight and others.[16][17]
- ^ Roy Lavik was placed on non-duty status in early May 2023 by the CFTC following an CIGIE Integrity Committee investigative report finding he engaged in misconduct. Brett Baker (NARA IG) was appointed as acting IG in the interim
Citations[edit]
- ^ Pub. L. 94–505
- ^ Jump up to: a b "About DHSS-OIG". oig.hhs.gov.
- ^ "Overview of the Inspectors General 1978-Present" (PDF). ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kirby, Jen (May 28, 2020). "Trump's purge of inspectors general, explained". Vox. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Quinn, Melissa (May 19, 2020). "The internal watchdogs Trump has fired or replaced". CBS News. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Baker, Peter (April 4, 2020). "Trump Proceeds With Post-Impeachment Purge Amid Pandemic". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- ^ Cook, Nancy (June 11, 2020). "Sideshow Don: Trump pursues a non-virus agenda". Politico. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (May 2, 2020). "Trump names his pick for HHS inspector general after criticizing acting official over coronavirus report". CNN. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Robertson, Lori (7 April 2020). "The HHS Inspector General Report". Factcheck.org. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Inspector General Act of 1978" (PDF). ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 18, 2011.
- ^ "THE INSPECTORS GENERAL" (PDF). www.ignet.gov. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
- ^ "Federal domestic and foreign assistance programs". Archived from the original on January 16, 2004.
- ^ "Inspector General Reform Act of 2008". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010.
- ^ "Stimulus Bill and Strings: Massive Federal Spending Will Be Accompanied by Increased Inspectors General Oversight and Investigations". Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP.
- ^ "H.R.928 - Improving Government Accountability Act". Archived from the original on April 30, 2010 – via OpenCongress.
- ^ Schwellenbach, Nick (June 22, 2011). "POGO Obtains Pentagon Inspector General Report Associated With NSA Whistleblower Tom Drake". pogo.typepad.com. Project on Government Oversight.
- ^ Radack, Jesselyn (June 11, 2011). "Too Classified to Try Myth in Failed Drake Prosecution". DailyKos.
- ^ "Inspector General Historical Data – Federal Departments" (PDF). ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. May 17, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2009.
- ^ "ECIE Members". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on March 24, 2005.
- ^ "Home Page". www.uspsoig.gov. USPS Office of Inspector General. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
- ^ "Executive Order 12805 – Integrity and Efficiency in Federal Programs". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. May 11, 1992. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005.
- ^ Margasak, Larry. "HHS Chief Janet Rehnquist Will Resign". phillyburbs.com. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 24, 2005.
- ^ "Office of Inspector General - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services". oig.hhs.gov.
- ^ "President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency – Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005.
- ^ "President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency Members". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005.
- ^ "IGNET - Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency.
- ^ "Inspector General Criminal Investigator Academy". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008.
- ^ "Inspector General Community Auditor Training". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008.
- ^ "Inspector General Directory/Homepages". ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. Archived from the original on March 8, 2005.
- ^ "Homeland Security Act of 2002" (PDF).
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Presidentially-appointed / Senate Confirmed IG Appointed Chronicle" (PDF). Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE). 2017-07-25. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ CIA [@CIA] (June 28, 2021) "#CIA welcomes Robin Ashton, our new Senate-confirmed Inspector General. IG Ashton most recently served as Principal Deputy Inspector General for the Intelligence Community and brings a wealth of experience to CIA, including more than three decades @TheJusticeDept." (Tweet). Retrieved December 23, 2022 — via Twitter.
- ^ "Biden to replace embattled acting Commerce IG". Government Executive. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "SEC.gov | SEC Appoints Deborah J. Jeffrey as Inspector General". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ^ "DoD OIG Newsletter - January 2023" (PDF). Department of Defense Office of Inspector General. 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ "Teri L. Donaldson". Energy.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ US EPA, OIG (2014-01-17). "About EPA's Office of Inspector General". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
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- ^ "The Honorable Fara Damelin". www.fcc.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
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- ^ "Meet the Inspector General | FHFA-OIG". www.fhfaoig.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "The Honorable Rae Oliver Davis | HUD-OIG". www.hudoig.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "The Honorable Thomas A. Monheim" (PDF). Office of Intelligence Community Inspector General. 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General". Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Meet the Inspector General". oig.justice.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Mr. Robert J. Feitel" (PDF). Office of the Inspector General, Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board. 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Krista A. Boyd". Office of Personnel Management. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General". U.S. Small Business Administration. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Office of the Inspector General". oig.ssa.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General - Ben R. Wagner | TVA OIG - Office of the Inspector General". oig.tva.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General | Office of Inspector General | U.S. Department of Transportation". www.oig.dot.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General". www.va.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Inspector General Vacancy Tracker". Project on Government Oversight. May 5, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "President Biden Announces Key Nominees" (Press release). The White House. January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ Accounting Today [@AccountingToday] (January 4, 2024) "J. Russell George, the longtime leader of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, died Monday after an unspecified prolonged illness." (Tweet). Retrieved January 8, 2024 — via Twitter.
- ^ "Inspector General Historical Data Appointed by the President and Confirmed by the Senate" (PDF). ignet.gov. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency. July 25, 2017.
- ^ Riddle, China (2020-02-19). "ARC Announces Philip M. Heneghan To Head Office of Inspector General". Appalachian Regional Commission. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Stefania Pozzi Porter Named U.S. AbilityOne Commission Inspector General" (PDF). U.S. AbilityOne Commission. 2022-10-13. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^ Wilhelm, Ben (May 24, 2023). Oversight of Inspectors General: The CIGIE Integrity Committee (Report). U.S. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Designated Federal Entity IG Appointment Chronicle" (PDF). Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE). 2015-03-22. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Kimberly Howell Appointed Inspector General for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting". www.cpb.org. 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "DIA OIG Organization". oig.dia.mil. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
- ^ "Office of Inspector General – Denali Commission". www.denali.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "The EAC Names Brianna Schletz as Commission's Next Inspector General | U.S. Election Assistance Commission". www.eac.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Joyce Willoughby Named as EEOC's New Inspector General". US EEOC. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
- ^ "Wendy Laguarda Named Inspector General for Farm Credit Administration" (PDF). Farm Credit Administration. 2022-07-31. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "FEC names Christopher Skinner Inspector General". FEC.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Federal Trade Commission Appoints Andrew Katsaros as Agency's Acting Inspector General". Federal Trade Commission. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Andrew Katsaros". Federal Trade Commission. 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ Boehler, Adam (2022-08-20). "The Office of Inspector General's Role at DFC" (PDF). U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC). Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "Rekha "Rashmi" Bartlett Named Inspector General at U.S. International Trade Commission | USITC". www.usitc.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "LSC Board of Directors Appoints Tom Yatsco to Inspector General". LSC - Legal Services Corporation: America's Partner for Equal Justice. Retrieved 2023-04-28.
- ^ "Inspector General". www.arts.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ Toll, Beth (2019-02-01). "Amtrak Board Names Kevin Winters Inspector General". Amtrak Media. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
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- ^ "About the Inspector General". U. S. Government Accountability Office. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ "GPO Director Names Inspector General". Government Publishing Office. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
- ^ "Librarian of Congress Names New Inspector General". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
- ^ Nicolls, Boone (2007). Airman's Guide. Stackpole Books. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8117-3397-7.
- ^ Ellison, Ayla (January 8, 2015). "4 trends in the current Stark Law enforcement climate". Becker's Hospital Review.
- ^ "Fraud Alert: Physician Compensation Arrangements May Result in Significant Liability" (PDF). Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General. June 9, 2015.
- ^ Peace, Gail. "Why it takes 60 minutes or less to find a Stark Law violation at a hospital". Becker's Hospital Review.
- ^ Taibbi, Matt (August 17, 2011). "Is the SEC Covering Up Wall Street Crimes?". Rolling Stone.
- ^ Radack, Jesselyn (2006). Canary in the Coalmine. ISBN 1-4276-0974-8.
- ^ Mayer, Jane (May 2011). "The Secret Sharer". The New Yorker.
Further reading[edit]
- Hilliard, Nadia (2017). The Accountability State: US Federal Inspectors General and the Pursuit of Democratic Integrity. Studies in Government and Public Policy. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700623976. JSTOR j.ctt1p6qpbk. OCLC 1005678179.
