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EnCor Biotechnology

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EnCor Biotechnology
Company typePrivate
IndustryBiotechnology
FounderGerry Shaw
Headquarters
Gainesville, Florida
,
United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Gerry Shaw
ProductsAntibodies to neural and yeast proteins
WebsiteHomepage of EnCor

EnCor Biotechnology is an American company that manufactures monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies with a focus on reagents targeting neural proteins. EnCor was founded in 1999 as a spin-off from the University of Florida by Gerry Shaw, a British scientist initially a professor in the Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, and now professor emeritus. The company is based in Gainesville, Florida and markets high quality and very well characterized antibody reagents at reasonable prices.

History

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During his early career at the University of Florida in the 1990s certain of his antibodies made originally for research purposes were licensed to outside companies for sale. Some of these are still today sold by vendors such as Cell Signaling Technology, which however charges what Dr. Shaw regards as unreasonably high prices for them. EnCor Biotechnology was therefore formed at the end of 1999 initially to market antibody reagents made in Dr. Shaw's research laboratory at more reasonable prices.[1] In late 2001 EnCor rented lab space at the Sid Martin Biotechnology Incubator, a facility dedicated to commercialization of intellectual property generated in the University of Florida. Following this move the EnCor laboratory produced an increasing number of novel antibodies which were made, characterized, documented, manufactured and subjected to rigorous quality control. The company quickly therefore increased the number of reagents available for sale and soon become profitable and, in 2006, relocated to new premises in Gainesville.[2] The Gainesville facility has now expanded to three times the original size.

Rat brain cells grown in tissue culture and stained, in green, with an EnCor mouse monoclonal antibody to neurofilament subunit NF-L, (HGNC name NEFL), which reveals a large neuron. The cells in the above image were also stained in red with an EnCor rabbit antibody to α-internexin, which in this culture is found in neuronal stem cells.
A formalin fixed and paraffin embedded section of human cerebellum stained with an EnCor mouse monoclonal antibody to NF-L revealed with a brown dye, cell nuclei are revealed with a blue dye. Nuclear rich region at left is the cerebellar granular layer, the region at the right with fewer nuclei is the cerebellar molecular layer. The NF-L antibody binds processes of basket cells, parallel fiber axons, the perikarya of Purkinje and some smaller neurons and various other fine axons.

EnCor has always collaborated with basic scientists and clinicians to produce articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications focused on the examination of various plasma, serum and CSF biomarkers of nervous system damage and degeneration. One of these is the phosphorylated, axonal form of the major neurofilament protein heavy chain protein which has the HGNC name NEFH,[3][4][5][6] though is usually referred to as pNF-H in the scientific literature. Two further studies describe novel EnCor assays for UCHL1[7] and alpha-synuclein,[8] two major brain proteins implicated in the development of Parkinson's and other neurological diseases. In 2022 EnCor, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Florida described a novel class of antibodies to neurofilament light chain with the HGNC name NEFL, although the protein is usually referred to as NF-L. Surprisingly, one class of these antibodies bind epitopes hidden in healthy neurons and their processes but which are revealed on degeneration. Another class of antibody to neurofilament NF-L was shown to bind only neurofilaments in healthy neurons and their processes but failed to recognize degenerating and degenerated neurons and processes.[9] A peer-reviewed and slightly enlarged report on this work was accepted for publication in the journal Brain Communications.[10] The antibodies degeneration specific antibodies have been dubbed "DegenoTag" reagents and should have wide utility for researchers on neurodegeneration. By 2022, the EnCor product line had increased to over 250 items, the antibodies mostly being used for research purposes, with a particular focus on immunocytochemistry and western blotting, though many are also utilized for immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Some have become useful for diagnostic histopathology and for monitoring the levels of protein biomarkers, of research and potential clinical utility. EnCor supplies reagents to research labs and other reagent companies such as Abcam, BioLegend, Thermo Fisher Scientific, EMD Millipore, Bio-Techne and many others. EnCor is well known for the quality of its cell, tissue and western blotting images, many of which have been made available on Wikipedia Commons and widely used in books, articles, posters, for teaching, advertising and many other purposes, see [1].

Key EnCor Publications

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  • Shaw G, Yang C, Ellis R, Anderson K, Parker Mickle J, Scheff S, Pike B, Anderson DK, Howland DR (Nov 2005). "Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H is a serum biomarker of axonal injury". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336 (4): 1268–1277. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.252. PMID 16176808.
  • Shaw G, Madorsky I, Li Y, Wang Y, Rana S, Fuller DD (August 2022). "Uman Type NF-L Antibodies Are Effective Reagents for the Imaging of Neurodegeneration". bioRxiv 10.1101/2022.08.27.504533.
  • Shaw G, Madorsky I, Li Y, Wang Y, Rana S, Jorgensen M, Fuller DD (April 2023). "Uman Type Neurofilament Light Antibodies Are Effective Reagents for the Imaging of Neurodegeneration". Brain Communications. doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad067. PMC 10120172.

References

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  1. ^ "Biotech venture | Gainesville.com". gainesville.com. 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  2. ^ "UF professor's biotech firm graduates | Gainesville.com". gainesville.com. 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  3. ^ Shaw G, Yang C, Ellis R, Anderson K, Parker Mickle J, Scheff S, Pike B, Anderson DK, Howland DR (Nov 2005). "Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H is a serum biomarker of axonal injury". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336 (4): 1268–1277. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.252. PMID 16176808.
  4. ^ Anderson KJ, Scheff SW, Miller KM, Roberts KN, Gilmer LK, Yang C, Shaw G (Sep 2008). "The phosphorylated axonal form of the neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) as a blood biomarker of traumatic brain injury". J. Neurotrauma. 25 (9): 1079–1085. doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0488. PMC 2820728. PMID 18729720.
  5. ^ Gresle MM, Shaw G, Jarrott B, Alexandrou EN, Friedhuber A, Kilpatrick TJ, Butzkueven H (Dec 2008). "Validation of a novel biomarker for acute axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis". J. Neurosci. Res. 86 (16): 3548–3555. doi:10.1002/jnr.21803. PMID 18709652. S2CID 1453588.
  6. ^ Boylan K, Yang C, Crook J, Overstreet K, Heckman M, Wang Y, Borchelt D, Shaw G (Dec 2009). "Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF-H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF-H as a potential ALS biomarker". J. Neurochem. 111 (5): 1182–1191. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06386.x. PMID 19765193.
  7. ^ Lewis SB, Wolper R, Chi YY, Miralia L, Wang Y, Yang C, Shaw G (May 2010). "Identification and preliminary characterization of ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) as a biomarker of neuronal loss in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage". J. Neurosci. Res. 88 (7): 1475–1484. doi:10.1002/jnr.22323. PMID 20077430. S2CID 25734633.
  8. ^ Tinsley RB, Kotschet K, Modesto D, Ng H, Wang Y, Nagley P, Shaw G, Horne MK (Sep 2010). "Sensitive and specific detection of α-synuclein in human plasma". J. Neurosci. Res. 88 (12): 2693–2700. doi:10.1002/jnr.22417. PMID 20648655. S2CID 22613058.
  9. ^ Shaw G, Madorsky I, Li Y, Wang Y, Rana S, Fuller DD (August 2022). "Uman Type NF-L Antibodies Are Effective Reagents for the Imaging of Neurodegeneration". bioRxiv 10.1101/2022.08.27.504533.
  10. ^ Shaw G, Madorsky I, Ying Y, Wang Y, Rana S, Jorgensen M, Fuller DD (April 2023). "Uman Type Neurofilament Light Antibodies Are Effective Reagents for the Imaging of Neurodegeneration". braincomms 10.1093/braincomms/fcad067
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