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18th Chess Olympiad

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The official poster for the Olympiad.

The 18th Chess Olympiad (Italian: Le 18º Olimpiadi degli scacchi), organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between October 17 and November 7, 1968, in Lugano, Switzerland.

The Soviet team with six GMs, led by world champion Petrosian, lived up to expectations and won their ninth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

Results

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Preliminaries

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A total of 53 teams entered the competition and were divided into seven preliminary groups of seven or eight teams each. The top two from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed third-fourth to Final B, no. 5-6 to Final C, and the rest to Final D. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments. The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points
«A»  Soviet Union - 4 3½ 4 3½ 4 4 4 7 0 0 27
«A»  Philippines 0 - 2½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 5 2 0 19
«B»  England ½ 1½ - 2 3½ 3½ 4 4 4 2 1 19
«B»  Israel 0 2½ 2 - 3 3 4 4 5 1 1 18½
«C»  Italy ½ ½ ½ 1 - 2 3 3 2 4 1 10½
«C»  Portugal 0 ½ ½ 1 2 - 3 3 2 4 1 10
«D»  Mexico 0 0 0 0 1 1 - 2½ 1 6 0 4½
«D»  Cyprus 0 0 0 0 1 1 1½ - 0 7 0 3½
  • Group 2:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + − = Points
«A»  Denmark - 2½ 2 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 5 0 1 16½
«A»  United States 1½ - 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 3 5 1 0 16½
«B»  Mongolia 2 1½ - 1 3½ 2½ 2½ 3 2 1 13
«B»  Austria 1½ 1½ 3 - 1½ 2½ 2 2 3 1 12
«C»  Australia 1½ ½ ½ 2½ - 1½ 3 2 4 0 9½
«C»  Venezuela ½ ½ 1½ 1½ 2½ - 2½ 2 4 0 9
«D»  France ½ 1 1½ 2 1 1½ - 0 5 1 7½
  • Group 3:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + − = Points
«A»  Yugoslavia - 2½ 3 2½ 4 3½ 4 6 0 0 19½
«A»  Poland 1½ - 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 4 5 1 0 18½
«B»  Spain 1 1½ - 2½ 4 4 4 4 2 0 17
«B»  Scotland 1½ ½ 1½ - 2 3 4 2 3 1 12½
«C»  South Africa 0 ½ 0 2 - 2½ 3½ 2 3 1 8½
«C»  Luxembourg ½ ½ 0 1 1½ - 1 0 6 0 4½
«D»  Dominican Republic 0 0 0 0 ½ 3 - 1 5 0 3½
  • Group 4:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points
«A»  Hungary - 3 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 7 0 0 22½
«A»  Canada 1 - 2½ 2½ 3½ 3 3 4 6 1 0 19½
«B»  Netherlands 1½ 1½ - 3½ 2½ 4 2½ 4 5 2 0 19½
«B»  Belgium 1 1½ ½ - 2½ 3 3 4 4 3 0 15½
«C»  Monaco ½ ½ 1½ 1½ - 1 3 3 2 5 0 11
«C»  Ireland ½ 1 0 1 3 - 2 2½ 2 4 1 10
«D»  Paraguay ½ 1 1½ 1 1 2 - 3 1 5 1 10
«D»  Costa Rica ½ 0 0 0 1 1½ 1 - 0 7 0 4
  • Group 5:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points
«A»  West Germany - 2 3½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 4 6 0 1 22
«A»  Romania 2 - 3 2½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 6 0 1 20
«B»  Switzerland ½ 1 - 3 3 3 3½ 4 5 2 0 18
«B»  Brazil 1½ 1½ 1 - 2 3½ 3½ 4 3 3 1 17
«C»  Norway 1½ 1½ 1 2 - 2 3 4 2 3 2 15
«C»  Puerto Rico ½ 1½ 1 ½ 2 - 3 2½ 2 4 1 11
«D»  Hong Kong 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 - 3 1 6 0 6½
«D»  Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 1½ 1 - 0 7 0 2½
  • Group 6:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + − = Points
«A»  Argentina - 2½ 2½ 3 3½ 4 4 6 0 0 19½
«A»  East Germany 1½ - 3 3½ 4 3½ 4 5 1 0 19½
«B»  Finland 1½ 1 - 2½ 2 3 3½ 3 2 1 13½
«B»  Sweden 1 ½ 1½ - 3 2½ 3 3 3 0 11½
«C»  Greece ½ 0 2 1 - 4 3 2 3 1 10½
«C»  Morocco 0 ½ 1 1½ 0 - 2 0 5 1 5
«D»  United States Virgin Islands 0 0 ½ 1 1 2 - 0 5 1 4½
  • Group 7:
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points
«A»  Bulgaria - 2½ 3 2½ 2½ 4 4 4 7 0 0 22½
«A»  Czechoslovakia 1½ - 2 2½ 4 4 4 4 5 1 1 22
«B»  Iceland 1 2 - 3½ 2 3 4 4 4 1 2 19½
«B»  Cuba 1½ 1½ ½ - 2½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 3 0 17
«C»  Tunisia 1½ 0 2 1½ - 1½ 2½ 4 2 4 1 13
«C»  Turkey 0 0 1 ½ 2½ - 2½ 4 3 4 0 10½
«D»  Singapore 0 0 0 ½ 1½ 1½ - 4 1 6 0 7½
«D»  Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 7 0 0

Final

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Final A
# Country Players Points MP
1  Soviet Union Petrosian, Spassky, Korchnoi, Geller, Polugaevsky, Smyslov 39½
2  Yugoslavia Gligorić, Ivkov, Matanović, Matulović, Parma, Čirić 31
3  Bulgaria Bobotsov, Tringov, Padevsky, Kolarov, Radulov, Peev 30
4  United States Reshevsky, Evans, Benko, R. Byrne, Lombardy, D. Byrne 29½
5  West Germany Unzicker, Schmid, Darga, Pfleger, Hübner, Hecht 29
6  Hungary Portisch, Szabó, Bilek, Lengyel, Barcza, Csom 27½
7  Argentina Najdorf, Panno, Sanguineti, Rossetto, Rubinetti, García 26 15
8  Romania Gheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Drimer, Soós, Ungureanu 26 14
9  Czechoslovakia Hort, Filip, Smejkal, Jansa, Augustin, Janata 24½ 12
10  East Germany Uhlmann, Pietzsch, Zinn, Malich, Liebert, Hennings 24½ 11
11  Poland Kostro, Bednarski, Doda, Schmidt, Adamski, Grąbczewski 23
12  Denmark Larsen, Brinck-Claussen, Hamann, Holm, Petersen, Nørby 21
13  Canada Yanofsky, Suttles, Macskasy, Allan, Day, Schulman 19
14  Philippines Reyes, Balinas, De Castro, Naranja, Bandal, Rodríguez 13½
Final B
# Country Players Points MP
15  Netherlands Donner, Ree, Langeweg, Bouwmeester, Kuijpers, Prins 33½
16  England Penrose, Kottnauer, Clarke, Keene, Lee, Basman 33
17  Austria Dückstein, Prameshuber, Stoppel, Janetschek, Kinzel, Niedermayr 30½
18  Israel Czerniak, Porat, Kraidman, Kagan, Domnitz, Peretz 30
19  Spain Pomar, Medina, Torán, Visier, Calvo, Palacios de la Prida 28½
20  Cuba Jiménez, García Martínez, Cobo, Rodríguez Gonzáles, Ortega, Carlos Diaz 27 14
21  Switzerland Keller, Kupper, Blau, Bhend, Walther, Glauser 27 12
22  Iceland Jóhannsson, Sigurjónsson, Kristjánsson, Kristinsson, Thorsteinsson, Ásmundsson 26
23  Finland Westerinen, Ojanen, Havansi, Koskinen, Kajan, Venäläinen 24½
24  Sweden Jansson, Nilsson, Johansson, Broström, Olsson, Sköld 22½
25  Brazil Mecking, German, Câmara, Rocha, Miranda, Pinto Paiva 21½
26  Belgium O'Kelly, Boey, Rooze, Cornelis, Beyen, Dunkelblum 20½
27  Mongolia Üitümen, Myagmarsuren, Lhagva, Zorigt, Badamgarav G., Purevzhav 20
28  Scotland Fairhurst, Davie, McAlpine, Levy, Freeman, McKay 19½
Final C
# Country Players Points MP
29  Australia Hamilton, Fuller, Koshnitsky, Flatow, Viner, Shaw 38
30  Norway Johannessen, Hoen, Svedenborg, Zwaig, Wibe, de Lange 36
31  Italy Giustolisi, Cappello, Zichichi, Primavera, Magrin, Romani 31½
32  Venezuela Caro, Villarroel, Budowski, Schorr, Diaz, Robles 30
33  Turkey Süer, İbrahimoğlu, Uzman, Boysan, Bilyap, Külür 29½
34  Greece Vizantiadis, Siaperas, Trikaliotis, Ornithopoulos, Kokkoris, Rizopoulos 28½
35  Portugal Cordovil, Sardinha, Durão, Santos, Pereira 27½ 16
36  South Africa Friedgood, Kroon, Heyns, Morschel, Griffiths, Hangelbroek 27½ 14
37  Tunisia Belkadi, Bouaziz, Kchouk, Lagha, Ben Rehouma, Hentati 26
38  Ireland Heidenfeld, Littleton, Reilly, O'Riordan, McCurdy, De Loughrey 21
39  Luxembourg Feller, Philippe, Wantz, Dietrich, Schammo, Stull 20½
40  Puerto Rico Kaplan, Buitrago, Colón Romero A., Reissmann, Sacarello, Benítez 19½
41  Morocco Bakali, Hadri, Kaderi, Nejjar, Soussi, Benabud 16
42  Monaco Casa, Weiss, Donné, Kostjoerin, Kann, Muziole 12½
Final D
# Country Players Points MP
43  Singapore Tan, Ann, Seng, Kwee, Seng, On 32
44  France Boutteville, Letzelter, Huguet, Jean, Thiellement, Ferry 30
45  Paraguay Silva, Recalde, Prieto, Gonzáles, Cantero, Levy 27½
46  Mexico Castro Aguilar, Winter Gallegos, Delgado, Flores Soto, Araiza, Terrazas 23½ 13
47  Dominican Republic Myers, Malagón A., Malagón C., Belliard Alonzo, Yabra, Andujar 23½ 12
48  Hong Kong Kazanski, Gibbs, Hardt, Hobson, Badilles 22½
49  Costa Rica Rovira Mas, Van der Laat Ulloa, Wyss, Rojas, Quesada, Batres 14½
50  Lebanon Salameh, Bedrossian, Galeb, Rizk, Cabbouche 13½
51  Cyprus Constantinou, Kleopas, Avgousti, Lantsias, Cababe 13
52  United States Virgin Islands Hook, Hoyt, Roebuck, Edwards, Potter, Garrison 11
53  Andorra Jiménez, De la Casa, Corominas, Gómez Abad, Soler, Pantebre Martínez 9

Final «A»

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  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + − = Points
1  Soviet Union - 2½ 3 3½ 2 3 2½ 3 3 3 4 4 2 4 11 0 2 39½
2  Yugoslavia 1½ - 1½ 2 2 2½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 2½ 3 2½ 4 8 3 2 31
3  Bulgaria 1 2½ - 2 2 2½ 1½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 2½ 2 2 3½ 7 2 4 30
4  United States ½ 2 2 - 2½ 2½ 3 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 1½ 4 2 7 3 3 29½
5  Germany 2 2 2 1½ - 2½ 3½ 2 1½ 2 2 2 2½ 3½ 4 2 7 29
6  Hungary 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½ - 2½ 2½ 2 2 3 3 3 2½ 6 5 2 27½
7  Argentina 1½ 2½ 2½ 1 ½ 1½ - 2 2 2½ 2 2½ 3 2½ 6 4 3 26
8  Romania 1 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 2½ 6 5 2 26
9  Czechoslovakia 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½ - 2½ ½ 3 2½ 2½ 5 6 2 24½
10  East Germany 1 1 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½ 1½ 1½ - 2 2½ 2½ 3 4 6 3 24½
11  Poland 0 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 2 1½ 3½ 2 - 1½ 3 2½ 3 7 3 23
12  Denmark 0 1 2 2½ 2 1 1½ 1 1 1½ 2½ - 2½ 2½ 4 7 2 21
13  Canada 2 1½ 2 0 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1½ 1 1½ - 3½ 1 10 2 19
14  Philippines 0 0 ½ 2 ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1 1½ 1½ ½ - 0 12 1 13½

Final «B»

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  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No. Country 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 + − = Points
15  Netherlands - 3 2½ 2 2 1½ 2 2½ 3½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 9 1 3 33½
16  England 1 - 2 2 2½ 3½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 3 3½ 3 9 2 2 33
17  Austria 1½ 2 - ½ 3 2 3 3 2½ 2 3 2 3 3 7 2 4 30½
18  Israel 2 2 3½ - 2 2½ 2 2 2½ 2 2 2 2½ 3 5 0 8 30
19  Spain 2 1½ 1 2 - 2 2½ 3 2 2½ 1½ 3 3 2½ 6 3 4 28½
20  Cuba 2½ ½ 2 1½ 2 - 1 ½ 2 3½ 3½ 3 2 3 5 4 4 27
21  Switzerland 2 2½ 1 2 1½ 3 - 1½ 1½ 1 3 2 4 2 4 5 4 27
22  Iceland 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 3½ 2½ - 1½ 2 2 3 2½ 2 4 5 4 26
23  Finland ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 2 2 2½ 2½ - 2½ 2 1½ 1 3½ 4 6 3 24½
24  Sweden 1½ 1 2 2 1½ ½ 3 2 1½ - 1 1½ 3 2 2 7 4 22½
25  Brazil ½ 1 1 2 2½ ½ 1 2 2 3 - 2½ 1½ 2 3 6 4 21½
26  Belgium ½ 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2½ 2½ 1½ - 1 2½ 3 7 3 20½
27  Mongolia 1½ ½ 1 1½ 1 2 0 1½ 3 1 2½ 3 - 1½ 3 9 1 20
28  Scotland 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1 2 2 ½ 2 2 1½ 2½ - 1 8 4 19½

Final «C»

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  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No. Country 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 + − = Points
29  Australia - 3 2 1½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 4 3 3½ 10 2 1 38
30  Norway 1 - 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 7 2 4 36
31  Italy 2 2 - 1½ 2½ 3 2 2½ 3 2½ 2 1½ 4 3 7 2 4 31½
32  Venezuela 2½ 2 2½ - 2½ 1½ 1 1 2 4 3 2 3 3 7 3 3 30
33  Turkey 2½ 2 1½ 1½ - 2 1½ 2 2½ 1 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 6 4 3 29½
34  Greece ½ 1 1 2½ 2 - 1 3½ 1½ 3 2½ 3 4 3 7 5 1 28½
35  Portugal ½ 0 2 3 2½ 3 - 1 1½ 2½ 2 3 3 3½ 7 4 2 27½
36  South Africa 1½ 0 1½ 3 2 ½ 3 - 4 2 2½ 3 1 3½ 6 5 2 27½
37  Tunisia 1 3 1 2 1½ 2½ 2½ 0 - 3 2½ 2 2½ 2½ 7 4 2 26
38  Ireland ½ 1 1½ 0 3 1 1½ 2 1 - 2 2 2½ 3 3 7 3 21
39  Luxembourg ½ 0 2 1 1½ 1½ 2 1½ 1½ 2 - 2½ 2 2½ 2 7 4 20½
40  Puerto Rico 0 2 2½ 2 ½ 1 1 1 2 2 1½ - 2 2 1 6 6 19½
41  Morocco 1 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 3 1½ 1½ 2 2 - 2½ 2 9 2 16
42  Monaco ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1½ 1 1½ 2 1½ - 0 12 1 12½

Final «D»

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  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
No. Country 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 + − = Points
43  Singapore - 1½ 2 3 4 2½ 4 4 3 4 4 8 1 1 32
44  France 2½ - 1½ 1½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3 4 4 8 2 0 30
45  Paraguay 2 2½ - 2½ 1½ 2 3 3½ 3 4 3½ 7 1 2 27½
46  Mexico 1 2½ 1½ - 2½ 1½ 2 3½ 2½ 3 3½ 6 3 1 23½
47  Dominican Republic 0 1 2½ 1½ - 3 3 1½ 3½ 3½ 4 6 4 0 23½
48  Hong Kong 1½ ½ 2 2½ 1 - 3½ 3 2½ 2 4 5 3 2 22½
49  Costa Rica 0 ½ 1 2 1 ½ - 2½ 2 3 2 2 5 3 14½
50  Lebanon 0 ½ ½ ½ 2½ 1 1½ - 2½ 3 1½ 3 7 0 13½
51  Cyprus 1 1 1 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ - ½ 2½ 1 8 1 13
52  United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 1 ½ 2 1 1 3½ - 2 1 7 2 11
53  Andorra 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 2 2½ 1½ 2 - 1 7 2 9

Individual medals

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References

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  1. ^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
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