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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe

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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe are haplogroups of the male Y-chromosome found in European populations.

Frequencies in European ethnic groups

[edit]

The table below shows the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic[dubious – discuss] and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus for the purpose of conserving space).

Note: The converted frequency of Haplogroup 2, including modern haplogroups I, G and sometimes J from some old studies conducted before 2004 may lead to unsubstantial[clarification needed] frequencies below.

Population Language[1] n R1b R1a I  E1b1b J G N T Others Reference
Albanians IE (Albanian) 51 17.6% 9.8% 19.6% 21.57% 23.53% 2.0% 0.0 0.0 Semino2000[2]
Albanians (Pristina) IE (Albanian) 114 21.10% 4.42% 7.96% 47.40% 16.7% 0% 0% 0% 1.77% Pericic2005[3]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 30 13.3% 13.3% 16.7% 23.3% 20.0% 3.3% Bosch2006[4]
Albanians (Tirana) IE (Albanian) 55 18.2% 9.1% 21.8% 25.4% 23.5% 1.8% 0.0 0.0 Battaglia2008[5]
Albanians (North Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 64 18.8% 1.6% 17.2% 39.1% 22% 1.6% 0.0 0.0 Battaglia2008[5]
Albanians (Tirana and North Macedonia) IE (Albanian) 119 18.50% 5.05% 19.33% 32.8% 22.70% 1.7% 0.0 0.0 Battaglia2008[5]
Albanians IE (Albanian) 223 18.39% 4.04% 13% 35.43% 23.77% 2.69% 0 0.9% 1.79% Sarno2015[6]
Arkhangelsk (Russia) IE (Slavic), Uralic 28 0 17.9% 50.0% 3.6% 0 0% 28.6% 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 29 65.52% 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9% L=3.4 Semino2000[2]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 103 3.9% Rootsi2004[8]
Andalusians IE (Italic) 76 9.2% 1.1% Semino2004[9]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 413 29.06% 1.7% 3.63% 5.09% 36.07% 9.44% 0.24% 8.48% Q=0.24%
1/413 		Herrara2012
Aromanians (Dukasi, Albania) IE (Italic) 39 2.56% 2.56% 17.95% 17.95% 48.72% 10.26% 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Aromanians (Andon Poci, Albania) IE (Italic) 19 36.84% 0.0 42.11% 15.79% 5.26% 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 43 27.91% 11.63% 20.93% 20.93% 11.63% 6.98% 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Aromanians (Štip, Macedonia) IE (Italic) 65 23.08% 21.54% 16.92% 18.46% 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Aromanians (Romania) IE (Italic) 42 23.81% 2.38% 19.05% 7.14% 33.33% 0.0% Bosch2006[4]
Aromanians Balkan) IE (Italic) 208[nb 1] 21.63% 10.1% 20.67% 16.35% 25% 3.37% 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 79 12.7% 22.8% 43.04% Nebel2001[10]
Ashkenazi Jews Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 442 4.1 19.7 38.01% 9.7% 0.2% Behar2004[11]
Austrians IE (Germanic, West) 1,017 44% 10.8% 21.5% 8.6% 10.9% 9% [12][13][14]
Bashkirs (Perm) Turkic 43 86.05% 9.3% 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.33% 2.33% 0.0 Lobov[15]
Basque Basque (Basque) 67 88.06 0.0 7.46% 2.2% 1.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 Semino2000[2]
Basque Basque (Basque) 109 92.66% 0.92% 3.67% 0.92% Adams2008[16]
Bavarians IE (Germanic, West) 80 50.0% 15.0% 8.0% 5.0% 0.0 0.0 Rosser2000[17]
Belgians IE (Germanic/Italic) 92 63.04% 4.0% 2.0% Rosser2000[17]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 41 0.0 39.0% 10.0% 2.4% Rosser2000[17]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 147 19.0% Rootsi2004[8]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 68 4.4% 45.6% 25.0% 4.4% 1.5% 8.8% Kharkov2005[18]
Belarusians IE (Slavic, East) 306 4.2% 51.0% 4.6% 3.3% 9.5% Behar2003[19]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 26 7.7% 3.8% Semino2004[9]
Bearnais IE (Italic) 43 3.7% Rootsi2004[8]
Bosnians (Zenica) IE (Slavic, South) 69 1.4% 24.6% 53.65%[nb 2] 10.14% 0.0 4.35% Pericic2005[3]
Bosniaks IE (Slavic, South) 85 4% 15% 49% 13% 12% 4% 4% Marjanovcic2006
British IE (Germanic, West) 32 68.75% 9.38% Helgason2000[20]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 127 11.0% 17.3% 27.5% 19.7% 18.1% 1.6% 0.8% Karachanak2009[21]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 808 10.7% 17.5% 26.6% 22.1% 13.9% 4.8% 0.5% 1.6% C=0.5
H=0.6
L=0.2
Q=0.4
R2a=0.1 		Karachanak2013[22]
Bulgarians IE (Slavic, South) 100 14.0% 16.0% 34.0% 21.0% 9.0% 2.0% 1.0% 2.0% H=1.0% Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012[23]
Bulgarians (Pomaks) IE (Slavic, South) 17 23% - 53% 18% 6% - - - Family Tree DNA -
Bulgarian DNA Project.[24]
Catalans IE (Italic) 24 79.2% 0.0% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 8.0% Rootsi2004[8]
Catalans IE (Italic) 33 6.1% 3.6% Semino2004[9]
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) IE (Italic) 56 42.9% Cruciani2004[25]
Chuvashes Turkic 79 3.8% 31.6% 11.3% 0 24.2% 0 27.8% 0 Tambets2004[26]
Croats (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 90 2.22% 12.22% 73.33% 8.90% 2.22% 1.11% Battaglia2008[5]
Croats (Osijek) IE (Slavic, South) 29 37.93% 27.59% 10.35% 10.35% 13.79% Battaglia2008[5]
Croats (Bosnia), +(Osijek) IE (Slavic, South) 119 1.68% 18.49% 62.19% 9.24% 4.2% 4.2% Battaglia2008[5]
Croats (Split) IE (Slavic, South) 26% Underhill 2009
Croats (Zabok, Zagreb, Delnice, Donji Miholjac, Pazin) IE (Slavic, South) 88 16% 33% 39% 7% 2% 1% Sarac2016[27]
Croats (Dubrovnik) IE (Slavic, South) 179 5% 13% 63% 6% 7% 2% 2% Sarac2016[27]
Croats (Zadar) IE (Slavic, South) 25 0 4% 72% 8% 12% 4% Sarac2016[27]
Croats (Žumberak) IE (Slavic, South) 44 11% 34% 27% 18% 5% 5% Sarac2016[27]
Croats IE (Slavic, South) 336 8.33% 20.24% 52.98% 8.04% 5.96% 1.79% 1.49% Sarac2016[27]
Croats IE (Slavic, South) 1100 7.91% 22.1% 44% 10.73% 7.37% 2.73% 0.64% 0.64% H=1.82% Q=0.73% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (Central proper) IE (Slavic, South) 220 31.82% 23.64% 39.09% 11.82% 8.64% 3.64% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (North of north proper) IE (Slavic, South) 220 29% 32% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (Slavonia) IE (Slavic, South) 220 19% 46% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (Dalmatia) IE (Slavic, South) 220 19% 60% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (Istria and south proper) IE (Slavic, South) 220 20% 46% Mrsic2011[28]
Croats IE (Slavic, South) 1555 7.52% 21.41% 47.33% 10.03% 6.82% 2.63% 0.45% 0.45% H
1.29%
20/1555

Q
0.51%
8/1555 		Battaglia2008[5]
Sarac2016[27]
Mrsic2011[28]
Croats (mainland) IE (Slavic, South) 189 38.1% Rootsi2004[8]
Czechs IE (Slavic, West) 257 34.2% 18.3% 5.8% 4.7% 5.1% 1.6% Luca2007[29]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 45 35.6% 26.7% 2.2% Semino2000[2]
Czechs and Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 198 13.6% Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 12 31.67% 16.67% 43.33% Helgason2000[20]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 194 38.7% Rootsi2004[8]
Danes IE (Germanic, North) 35 2.9% Cruciani2004[25]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 410 50.2% 3.3% 32.9% 2.9% 5.1% 4.1% 0.2% Barjesteh2008[30]
Dutch IE (Germanic, West) 2085 57.9% 4.0% 27.8% 2.6% 3.5% 2.7 0.05% 0.7% A=0.1, H=0.2, L=0.05, O=0.1, Q=0.3 Altena2020[31]
English (Central) IE (Germanic, West) 215 61.9% 5% 25% Weale2002[32]
English IE (Germanic, West) 1830 57% 4% 25% 3% 4% 5% FTDNA 2016[33]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 207 9.0% 3.0% 1.0% 40.6% Rosser2000[17]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 118 37.3% Laitinen2002[34]
Estonians Uralic (Finnic) 210 18.6% Rootsi2004[8]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 57 2.0% 10.5% 2.0% 63.2% Rosser2000[17]
Finns Uralic (Finnic) 38 0.0 7.9% 28.9 63.2% [26]
French IE (Italic) 23 52.2% 0 17.4% 8.7% 4.3% 0 0 0 Semino2000[2]
French IE (Italic) 40 8.0% Rosser2000[17]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 56.0% 7.0% 29.0% 2.0% 6.0% Wilson2001[35]
Frisians IE (Germanic, West) 94 55.3% 7.4% 34.0% 2.1% 1.4% Weale2002[32]
Gagauz (Kongaz) Turkic 48 10.4% 12.5% 31.3% 16.7% 8.3% 10.4% 4.2% 6.3% Varzari2006[36]
Gagauz (Etulia) Turkic 41 14.6% 26.8% 24.4% 9.8% 7.3% 17.1% 0.0 0.0 Varzari2006[36]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 48 47.9% 8.1% 22% Helgason2000[20]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 16 50% 16% 22% 6.2% 0 0 0 0 Semino2000[2]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 1215 38.9% 17.9% 23.6% 6.2% 4.0% 1.6% 7.7 Kayser2005[37]
Germans IE (Germanic, West) 3,000+ 44% 12% 20% 5% 6% 5% 1% Gabel 2013[38]
Greeks IE (Greek) 77 11.7% 15.6% 19.5% 20.8% 16.9% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0% F=1.3% H2=1.3% K=1.3% K2=2.6% Firasat2007[39]
Greeks IE (Greek) 118 22.8% 8.3% Helgason2000[20]
Greeks (continental) IE (Greek) 154 13% 12% 18% 24% 20% 5% 8% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Agrinio) IE (Greek) 21 19.05% 4.76% 23.81% 9.52% 28.57% 4.76% 9.52% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Ioannina) IE (Greek) 24 16.67% 8.33% 8.33% 29.17% 20.84% 4.17% 12.5% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Patrai) IE (Greek) 18 11.11% 5.56% 11.11% 44.44% 16.67% 0.0% 11.11% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Kardhitsa) IE (Greek) 25 8% 20% 12% 28% 16% 12% 4% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Serrai) IE (Greek) 25 12% 8% 36% 24% 16% 4% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Thessaloniki) IE (Greek) 20 5% 25% 20% 20% 15% 5% 10% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Larissa) IE (Greek) 21 19.05% 9.52% 14.29% 14.29% 28.57% 4.76% 9.52% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Heraklion) IE (Greek) 42 7.14% 14.29% 26.19% 40.48% 9.52% 2.38% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (continental,
Agrinio,
Ioannina,
Patrai,
Kardhitsa,
Serrai,
Thessaloniki,
Larissa,
Heraklion) 		IE (Greek) 350 12.29% 10.29% 17.71 24.29% 22.57% 5.71% 7.14% Di Giacommo 2003[40]
Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini) IE (Greek) 171 13.45%
23/171 		11.11%
19/171 		15.79%
27/171 		31.58%
54/171 		19.88%
34/171 		4.68%
8/171 		1.75
3/171 		King2008[41]
Greeks (Crete) IE (Greek) 193 17.1%
33/193 		8.81%
17/193 		12.95%
25/193 		8.81%
17/193 		38.86%
75/193 		10.88%
21/193 		2.07%
4/193 		King2008[41]
Greeks (Nikomedeia, Lerna/Franchthi, Sesklo/Dimini),+(Crete) IE (Greek) 364 15.38%
56/364 		9.89%%
36/364 		14.29%
52/364 		19.51%
71/364 		29.95%
109/364 		7.97%
29/364 		1.92%
7/364 		King2008[41]
Greeks (Peloponnese) IE (Greek) 36 47.42%
17/36
13.89% 		Semino2004[9]
Greeks (Thrace) IE (Greek) 41 12.2% 22.0% 19.5% 19.5% 19.5% 4.9% Bosch2006[4]
Greeks (North) IE (Greek) 96 14.6%
14/96 		18.8%
18/96 		12.5%
12/96 		35.4%
34/96 		5.2%
5/96 		2.1%
2/96 		L=1%
1/96 		Zalloua2008[42]
Greeks (South) IE (Greek) 46 19.6%
9/46 		2.2%
1/46 		23.9%
11/46 		43.5%
20/46 		6.5%
3/46 		2.2%
1/46 		Zalloua2008[42]
Greeks
(North)+(South) 		IE (Greek) 142 16.2% 13.38% 16.2% 38.03% 5.63% 2.11% L=0.70%
1/142 		Zalloua2008[42]
Greeks (Euboea) IE (Greek) 96 9% 10% 11% 20% 28% 9% [43]
Greeks (Corinthia) IE (Greek) 110 9% 17% 16% 27% 22% 3% [43]
Greeks (Macedonia) IE (Greek) 57 14.0% 12.8% 29.8% 22.9% 15.9% 1.8% 1.8% Battaglia 2008[5][44]
Greeks (Athens) IE (Greek) 92 20% 16% 10% 22% 23% 3% 4% C=1, L=1 Battaglia 2008[5]
Greeks (Athens) IE (Greek) 132 15% 6% 27% IJ+G=49%, K*=4% Waelle 2001[45]
Greeks (Cyprus) IE (Greek) 629 11.13% 4% 4% 23% 41% 13% 3% L=2%, H=1% Voskarides 2016[46]
Gypsy/Muslim Roma (Macedonia) IE (Indic) 57 1.8% 1.8% 5.3% 29.8% 1.8% H=59.6 Pericic2005[3]
Herzegovinians (Siroki Brijeg, Mostar) IE (Slavic, South) 141 3.55% 12.06% 70.92% 8.51% 1.42% Pericic2005[3]
Hungarians (Hungary) Uralic (Ugric) 215 18.1% 25.6% 31.37% 6.1% 10.23% 4.2% 0.47% 0.0% H=5.12% R2=0.47% R1*=1.40% Völgyi2008[47]
Hungarians (Paloc) Uralic (Ugric) 45 13.3% 60.0% 11.1% 8.9% 2.2% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% L=2.2% Semino2000[2]
Hungarians (Romania) Uralic (Ugric) 97 20% 19% 22% 9% 21% 5% 1% [48]
Hungarians (Great Hungarian Plain) Uralic (Ugric) 100 15% 30% 24% 10% 16% 3% [48]
Icelanders IE (Germanic, North) 181 41.44% 23.76% 34.25% Helgason2000[20]
Irish IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic) 222 81.53% 0.45% 14.86% Helgason2000[20]
Irish IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic) 257 2.0% Rosser2000[17]
Italians IE (Italic) 50 62.0% 8.0% 10.0% Rootsi2004[8]
Italians IE (Italic) 2.7%[20] 13.0%[17]
Italians (Calabria) IE (Italic) 32.4%[2] 5.4%[8] 23%[9] 24.6%[9]
Italians (Apulia) IE (Italic) 2.6%[8] 13.9%[9] 31.45%[9]
Italians IE (Italic) 884 39% 3% 11% 14% 18% 12% 2% L=2% Boattini2013[49]
Italians (Sicily) IE (Italic) 8.8% 27.3% 23.8% Semino2004[9]
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 68 25.00% 2.94% 5.88% 25.88% 14.71% 2.94% Zalloua2008[42]
Italians (East Sicily) IE (Italic) 87 19.54% 2.3% 4.6% 29.19% 4.6% 4.6% Zalloua2008[42]
Italians (West Sicily) IE (Italic) 125 27.2% 2.4% 11.2% 19.2% 12.8% 3.2% Zalloua2008[42]
Italians (South) IE (Italic) 280 24.29% 2.5% 7.86% 23.93% 10.71% 3.57% Zalloua2008[42]
Komi Uralic (Finnic) 94 16.0 33.0 5.3 35.1 [26]
Komi (Izhemsky) Uralic (Finnic) 54 0.0 29.6 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.5 0.0 Mirabal2009[7]
Komi (Priluzsky) Uralic (Finnic) 49 2.0 32.7 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.2 0.0 Mirabal2009[7]
Latvians IE (Baltic) 114 39.5% 0.9% 42.1% Laitinen2002[34]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 38 5.0% [17]
Lithuanians IE (Baltic) 114 36.0% 0.9% 43.0% Laitinen2002[34]
ethnic Macedonians IE (Slavic, South) 211 11.4% 14.2% 31.3% 18% 16% 3.8% 0.5% 1.9% L=0.5 Noveski2010[50]
ethnic Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 79 5.1% 15.2% 34.2% 24.1% 12.7% 5.1% Pericic2005[3]
Macedonians (Skopje) IE (Slavic, South) 52 13.5 13.5 28.8 23.1 11.5 3.8 Bosch2006[4]
Maltese Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) 187 22.0 5.0 9.0 6.0 9.0 0.0 Zalloua2008[42]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 111 2.7 47.7 8.1 41.4 [26]
Mari Uralic (Finnic) 48 10.4 29.2 0.0 6.3 50.0 Rosser2000[17]
Moldovans IE (Italic) 70 6 35 10 I+G=37 Stefan2001[51]
Moldavians (Carahasani) IE (Italic) 72 16.7 34.7 25.0 12.5 9.7 0.0 1.4 0.0 Varzari2006[36]
Moldavians (Sofia) IE (Italic) 54 16.7% 20.4% 35.2% 13.0% 5.6% 1.9% 3.7% 1.9% Varzari2006[36]
Mordvins (Erzya) Uralic (Finnic) 46 39.1% Malaspina2003[52]
Mordvins (Moksha) Uralic (Finnic) 46 21.7% Malaspina2003[52]
Mordvins Uralic (Finnic) 83 13.3 26.5 19.3 19.3 [26]
Norwegians IE (Germanic, North) 906 24 25 42 1 1 1 2 Q=3 FTDNA[53]
Orcadians IE (Germanic, West) 71 66.0 19.7 Wilson2001[35]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 16.4[2] 56.4[2] 17.8[8] 4.0[9] 1.0[9]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 93 13.4 55.9 16.1 3.2 [26]
Poles IE (Slavic, West) 913 11.6 57.0 17.3 4.5 2.5 3.7 3.3 Kayser2005[37]
Pomors (Mezen) IE (Slavic, East) 54 0 44.4 0 0 0 0 53.7 0 F*=1.9 Balanovsky2008[54]
Portuguese IE (Italic) 303 5.3 Rootsi2004[8]
Portuguese (South) IE (Italic) 57 56.0% 2.0% 17.0% Rosser2000[17]
Portuguese (North) IE (Italic) 328 62.0 0 11.0 Rosser2000[17]
Romanians (Buhusi, Piatra Neamț) IE (Italic) 54 13.0 20.4 48.1 7.4 5.6 5.6 0.0 0.0 Varzari2006[36]
Romanians IE (Italic) 361 22.2 Rootsi2004[8]
Romanians (Constanţa) IE (Italic) 31 16.1 9.7 41.9 9.7 6.5 12.9 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Romanians (Ploieşti) IE (Italic) 36 8.3 5.6 38.9 16.7 19.4 8.3 0.0 0.0 Bosch2006[4]
Romanians IE (Italic) 179 10.1 20.1 27.9 19.6 18.4 2.2 0.6 0.6 Q=0.6 Martinez-Cruz 2012[23]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 122 6.6 46.7 6.6 4.1 18.0 Rosser2000[17]
Russians IE (Slavic, East) 61 21.3 42.6 13.1 16.4 [26]
Russians (Kursk) IE (Slavic, East) 40 7.5 52.5 15.0 10.0 2.5 0 12.5 0 0 Mirabal2009[7]
Russians (Northern) IE (Slavic, East) 380 6.1% 33.4% 14.5% 0.3% 1.8% 1.3% 41.3% 0.0% Balanovsky2008[54]
Russians (Central) IE (Slavic, East) 364 7.7% 47.0% 16.5% 5.2% 3.3% 0.0 17.0% 0.8% Balanovsky2008[54]
Russians (Adygea) IE (Slavic, East) 78 24.4 Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Bashkortostan) IE (Slavic, East) 50 6.0 Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Belgorod region) IE (Slavic, East) 143 2.8 59.4 16.7 Balanovsky[54]
Russians (Cossacks) IE (Slavic, East) 97 22.7 Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Kostroma region) IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9 Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (North, Pinega) IE (Slavic, East) 127 4.7 Rootsi2004[8]
Russians (Smolensk region) IE (Slavic, East) 120 10.8 Rootsi2004[8]
Ruthenians (Vojvodina) IE (Slavic) 44% [55]
Sami (Sweden) Uralic (Finnic) 38 7.9% 15.8% 31.6% 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.7% 0.0 Karlsson2006[56]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 127 3.9 11.0 47.2 [26]
Sami Uralic (Finnic) 31.4 Rootsi2004[8]
Sardinians (Sardinia, Italy) IE (Italic) 22.1[2] 42.3[8] 5.0[9] 12.5[9]
Sardinians (Northern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 86 20.0 0.0 28.0 13.0 21.0 0.0 Zalloua2008[42]
Sardinians (Southern Sardinia) IE (Italic) 187 19.0 1.0 35.0 11.0 14.0 0.0 Zalloua2008[42]
Scots IE (Germanic, West) 750 72.53% 8.53% 14%
Sephardic Jews IE (Italic) 78 29.5% 3.9% 11.5% 19.2% 28.2% Nebel2001[10]
Serbs and South Slavs IE (Slavic, South) 1092 5% 20% 43% 14% 11% 4% 3% - Q=1% Serb DNA Project 2016[57]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 267 3% 26% 39% 15% 9% 5% 2% — Serb DNA Project 2014[58]
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 179 4.5% 14.5% 38.5% 17.3% 5.6% 2.2% 3.3% H=2.2, Q=1.7, L=0.6 Mirabal,V.2010[59]
Serbs (Vojvodina) IE (Slavic, South) 185 10.3% 15.1% 35.1% 16.2% 11.4% 3.2% H=2.7 Q=1.1 others=4.9 Veselinovic 2008[60]
Serbs (Belgrade) IE (Slavic, South) 113 10.6% 15.9% 36.3% 21.2% 8% Pericic2005[3]
Serbs (Aleksandrovac, Serbia) IE (Slavic, South) 85 1.17% 21.1% 41.1% 15.2% 9.40% 10.5% 0.0% 0.0% Todorovic2013
Serbs IE (Slavic, South) 103 7.8% 20.4% 37.9% 18.4% 7.8% 5.8% 1.9% Regueiro2012[61]
Serbs (Bosnia) IE (Slavic, South) 81 6.2% 13.6% 40.7% 22.2% 9.9% 1.2% 6.2% 0.0% Battaglia2008[5]
Slovaks (Vojvodina) IE (Slavic, West) 42% [55]
Slovaks IE (Slavic, West) 250 13.2% 38% 27.6% 7.2% 3.6% 4% 2.4% 0.4 Sotak[62]
Slovenians IE (Slavic, South) 75 21.3% 38.7% 30.7% 2.7% 4.0% 2.7% 0.0% 0.0% Battaglia2008[5]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 70 37.1% 7.1% 5.7% 0.0% 0.0% Rosser2000[17]
Slovenian IE (Slavic, South) 55 38.2% Rootsi2004[8]
Spanish IE (Italic) 126 68.0% 2.0% 10.0% Rosser2000[17]
Spanish IE (Italic) 2121 67.3% 1.6% 7.2% 8.9% 9.8% 3.2% -- 1.3% 0.8% Martinez2016[63]
Ibiza islanders IE (Italic) 54 57.4% 0.0% 1.9% 7.4% 13.0% 16.7% Zalloua2008[42]
Majorca islanders IE (Italic) 62 66.1% 0.0% 8.1% 6.2% 6.2% 1.6% Zalloua2008[42]
Menorca islanders IE (Italic) 37 73.0% 2.7% 2.7% 18.9% 0.0 0.0 Zalloua2008[42]
Spanish (South) IE (Italic) 162 65.0% 2.0% 6.0% 9.0% 4.0% 0.0% Zalloua2008[42]
Valencians IE (Italic) 73 64.0% 3.0% 10.0% 11.%0 1.0% 1.0% Zalloua2008[42]
Swedes (Northern) IE (Germanic, North) 48 22.9% 18.8% 2.1% 2.1% 8.3% Rosser2000[17]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 1800+ 21% 18% 45% 1% 1% 3% 2% - Q=3 FTDNA 2016[64]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 110 20.0% 17.3% Helgason2000[20]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 225 40% Rootsi2004[8]
Swedes IE (Germanic, North) 160 13.1% 24.4% 37.5% 1.3% 0.0% 14.4% Lappalainen2008[65]
Swiss IE (German/Italic) 606 55% 4% 16% 7% 6% 9% 0% 0% K=1 Zieger 2020[66]
Tatars Turkic 126 8.7% 24.1% 4.0% 33.0% [26]
Turks Turkic 523 16% 7% 5% 11% 33% 11% 4% 2% L=4, Q=2, C=1, R2=1, H=1, A+DE*+R*+O = 2 Cinnioglu 2004[67]
Turks (Istanbul) Turkic 81 15% 9% 10% 12% 27% 7% 2% 4% L=5, C=4, DE*=5 Cinnioglu 2004
Turks (Bulgaria) Turkic 63 8% 10% 19% 13% 24% 6% 5% H=11, Q=3 Zaharova 2001
Udmurt Uralic (Finnic) 87 2.3% 10.35% 1.1% 85.06% [26]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 759 7.9% 43.2% 27.2% 7.4% 3.8% 3% 5.4% 1.3% 0.8% Kushniarevich2015[68]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 21.9%[8] 8.6%[9] 7.3%[9]
Ukrainians IE (Slavic, East) 53 18.9% 41.5% 24.5% 9.4% 0.0% 5.7% 0.0% Varzari2006[36]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 88 88.64% 1.0% 3.0% Wilson2001[35]
Welsh (Anglesey) IE (Celtic) 196 8.1% Rootsi2004[8]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Total Aromuns: 39 + 19 + 43 + 65 + 42 =208
  2. ^ I in Bosnians (Zenica): I1a= 1.45%, 1/69. I1b*(xM26)= 52.20%, 36/69

Chronological development of haplogroups

[edit]
Haplogroup Possible time of origin Possible place of origin TMRCA in Europe[69][70]
E 69,000 years ago[70][71] East Africa[72] or West Asia[73] 38–59,000 years ago
D 68,300 years ago Asia
C c. 53,000 years ago Asia >35,000 years ago[74]>[75]
F 38–56,000 years ago[citation needed]
IJ 30–46,000 years ago
K 40–54,000 years ago[citation needed]
E-M215 (E1b1b) 31–46,000 years ago[76] 39–55,000 years ago[citation needed]
P 27–41,000 years ago
J 19–44,500 years ago[72]
R 20–34,000 years ago
I Balkans 15–30,000 years ago
R-M173 13–26,000 years ago
I-M438 28–33,000 years ago[77] 16–20,000 years ago
E-M35 20–30,000 years ago[76] 15–21,000 years ago
J-M267 15–34,000[72] years ago
R-M420 (R1a) 25,000 years ago[78] Eurasia (Iran?[79]) 8–10,000 years ago
R-M343 (R1b) 22,000 years ago[80] West Asia[81]
N at least 21,000 years ago (STR age)[82]
I-M253 11–21,000[83] or 28–33,000 years ago[77] 3–5,000 years ago
J-M172 15–22,000[72] years ago 19–24,000 years ago[69]
E-M78 15–20,000[76] or 17,500–20,000 years ago[84] Northeast Africa[84] at least 17,000 years ago[84]
E-V12 12,500–18,000 years ago[84]
R-M17 13 ,000[85] or 18,000 years ago[86] India
I-L460 present 13,000 years ago[87]
I-M223 11–18,000 years ago[83]
E-V13 7–17,000 years ago[84] West Asia[84] 5–9,000 years ago (Balkan)
4–4,700 years ago (Europe)
6,800–17,000 years ago (Asia)[84]
R-Z280 11–14,000 years ago[44]
N-M46 at least 12,000 years ago (STR age)[82]
R-M458 11,000 years ago[44]
I-P37 6–16,000,[83] present 10,000 years ago[88]
I-M423 present 10,000 years ago[88]
I-M26 2–17,000,[83] present 8,000 years ago[88]
R-M269 5,500–8,000 years ago[89]
R-L11, R-S116 3–5,000 years ago

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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