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William Howard Hearst

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William Howard Hearst
The Hon. Sir William Hearst
7th Premier of Ontario
In office
October 2, 1914 – November 14, 1919
MonarchGeorge V
Lieutenant GovernorJohn Strathearn Hendrie
Preceded byJames Whitney
Succeeded byErnest Charles Drury
MPP for Sault Ste. Marie
In office
June 8, 1908 – September 23, 1919
Preceded byCharles Napier Smith
Succeeded byJames Cunningham
Personal details
Born(1864-02-15)February 15, 1864
Arran Township, Canada West
DiedSeptember 29, 1941(1941-09-29) (aged 77)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Resting placeMount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto
Political partyOntario PC Party
SpouseIsabella Jane Duncan

Sir William Howard Hearst, KCMG (February 15, 1864 – September 29, 1941) was the seventh premier of Ontario from 1914 to 1919.

Hearst was born in Bruce County, Canada West. He practiced law in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario before being voted to provincial parliament as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. After six years representing Sault Ste. Marie in provincial government, Hearst became Premier of Ontario following the death of Premier James P. Whitney in 1914.

Hearst's was the first Conservative provincial government to enact women's suffrage. He was in favour of the prohibition movement, and restricted the unlicensed sale of alcohol in Ontario. As a wartime administration, his government improved munitions production and hydroelectric infrastructure.

Early life and career

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William Howard Hearst was born in the Township of Arran in Bruce County, Ontario. He studied law in Owen Sound and was called to the bar lawyer in 1888. Hearst moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, where he established the law firm Masson, Hearst, McKay in the Ganley Block at 604 Queen Street.[1] Hearst participated actively in the Sault Ste. Marie community and was on the building committee to erect a new Methodist church at the corner of Spring Street and Albert Street in Sault Ste. Marie.[2] The Methodist church that was eventually built still stands and is now known as Central United Church.

Hearst was an unsuccessful candidate in the Algoma East riding in 1894. In 1902, he organized support in Northern Ontario for James P. Whitney. Hearst was also appointed Sault Ste. Marie's volunteer fire chief from 1891 to 1892.[3] Hearst built a house at the corner of Queen Street and Upton Road. Known as Eastbourne, it would become a designated heritage property in the City of Sault Ste. Marie.[3]

In 1908, Hearst was elected member for the riding of Sault Ste. Marie. He became Minister of Lands, Forests and Mines in 1911. On the death of Whitney in 1914, Hearst became his successor and was sworn in as Premier on October 2, 1914, the first premier from Northern Ontario.

Premiership

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Under his administration, a comprehensive measure to provide compensation to workers for injuries was put into operation. He took steps to deal with housing problems and provide loans to settlers.[4] Municipal acts were passed. School fairs and the teaching of agriculture were inaugurated. Measures were taken to increase war production. Reforestation and fire prevention services were established. The Orpington Hospital, in England, was built as a gift from the people of Ontario.[5]

An increase in demand for electricity in Ontario led Hearst's government to commission the construction of the Queenston-Chippawa Hydroelectric Generating Station in 1917, which was one of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world.[6]

During the 1917 conscription crisis, Hearst supported conscription and the federal Unionist government. In March 1918, Hearst and the Ontario Liberal leader, William Proudfoot, agreed to extend the existing provincial government until Canadian forces returned home in 1919.[4]

Prohibition

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The Hearst government struggled to find consensus on the question of prohibition. Hearst personally identified with the temperance movement, but barkeepers and alcohol producers formed part of the voter base of his party.[4] Hearst established the Board of License Commissioners (BLC) in 1915, which distributed licenses for businesses seeking to sell alcohol.[7]

In 1916, the Ontario Temperance Act (OTA) was introduced as a temporary wartime measure by Hearst, a temperance advocate and pillar of the Methodist Church. It made possession of liquor and beer outside one's home illegal. Although one could retain a cellar supply for personal consumption, it was illegal to sell a drink. As a result, the government shut down bars, taverns, clubs, and liquor stores. The establishment of the Acts were controversial among anti-temperance Canadians.

In 1919, after Canadian soldiers had returned from Europe, Hearst called a plebiscite on prohibition, which was held the same day as the 1919 general election. Prohibition was approved by the voters, but his government was defeated in the election.

Women's suffrage

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Beginning in 1915, Liberal representatives proposed bills enabling women to vote in Ontario. Hearst initially opposed suffrage but by 1917 had changed his opinion on the subject.[4] Ontario was the fifth province to pass legislation permitting women to vote, and Hearst's government was the first Conservative provincial government to do so.[8]

1919 general election

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In the election of 1919, Hearst was surprised by his loss to the United Farmers of Ontario.[4] Historians have varying opinions on the reason for the result of the election, including federal conscription, the OTA,[9] and poor opinions of the industrial workers and the rural population.[10]

Later life

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After his loss in 1919, Hearst remained in Toronto, where he had lived since 1912.[11]

Hearst served as a member of the International Joint Commission, which had been formed to settle international boundary waters disputes between the United States and Canada.[11]

Legacy

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The Town of Hearst, in Northern Ontario, is named for William Hearst.

A street in North York, south of the intersection of Keele Street and Wilson Avenue, is named after him. The Humber River Hospital and offices of the Ministry of Transportation are on this street.

A plaque honouring Sir William H. Hearst stands in Tara Park in the Municipality of Arran–Elderslie in Bruce County. It was erected by the Ontario Archeological and Historic Sites Board.[12]

Sault Ste. Marie

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William Howard Hearst was the first premier from northern Ontario. He has an enduring legacy in Sault Ste. Marie. A street in the northern city has been named after him. A city streets directory from 1914 shows the street was previously called "Hurst Street",[13] but by 1915, the year after Hearst became Premier of Ontario, the name was changed to "Hearst Street".[14]

In July 2015, the city recognized Hearst by naming the holiday on the first Monday in August (previously known as Civic Holiday) as Sir William H. Hearst Day.[15]

References

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  1. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Classified Business Directory (1909 - Pt. 1)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  2. ^ "Disclaimer - Electronic Collection".
  3. ^ a b "Disclaimer - Electronic Collection".
  4. ^ a b c d e Oliver, Peter (1972-03-01). "Sir William Hearst and the Collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party". Canadian Historical Review. 53 (1): 21–50. doi:10.3138/chr-053-01-02. ISSN 0008-3755. S2CID 153896101.
  5. ^ "The Canadian Military Hospital, Orpington". Bromley First World War. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  6. ^ "Queenston-Chippawa Hydro-Electric Development National Historic Site of Canada". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  7. ^ Brennan, Francis P. (1928). The Liquor Control Act, Ontario : annotated, also the regulations of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario : full commentaries : references to all relevant case law and the corresponding sections of analogous statutes of other provinces, and the Canada Temperance act : full cross-references and all necessary forms. Canada Law Book Co., Ltd. OCLC 183282520.
  8. ^ "Women's Suffrage in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  9. ^ Tennyson, Brian D (1969-02-01). "The Ontario general election of 1919: The beginnings of agrarian revolt". Journal of Canadian Studies. 4 (1): 26–36. doi:10.3138/jcs.4.1.26. ISSN 0021-9495. S2CID 151550715.
  10. ^ Piva, Michael J. (1977). "Workers and Tories: The Collapse of the Conservative Party in Urban Ontario, 1908-1919". Urban History Review. 5 (3–76): 23–39. doi:10.7202/1019467ar. ISSN 0703-0428.
  11. ^ a b "Sir William Howard Hearst". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  12. ^ "Sir William H. Hearst Historical Plaque". ontarioplaques.com. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  13. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Street Directory (1914 - Pt. 2)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  14. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Street Directory (1914 - Pt. 2)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  15. ^ "Renaming a holiday in honour of William". SooToday.com. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 2019-06-22.

Further reading

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  • Middleton, Jesse Edgar (1923). The Municipality of Toronto - A History. Vol. III. Toronto: Dominion Publishing. p. 67. OCLC 9709767.
  • Oliver, Peter. "Sir William Hearst and the collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party". Public and Private Persons: The Ontario Political Culture, 1914-1934. Toronto: Clarke Irwin. pp. 16–43. OCLC 2525531.
  • Dubro, James; Rowland, Robin F. (1987). King of the Mob: Rocco Perri and the women who ran his rackets. Toronto: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-009823-2.
  • Rocco Perri Scrapbook (Hamilton Herald Newspaper articles) 12 April 1927, 14, 16, 18 August 1930
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Mackenzie King and Patronage in the Public Service: An Historical Footnote.” Journal of Canadian Studies 6:1 (February 1971): 56–60.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Premier Hearst, the War, and Votes for Women.” Ontario History 57:3 (September 1965): 115–21.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Sir Adam Beck and the Ontario General Election of 1919.” Ontario History 58:3 (September 1966): 157–62.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Sir William Hearst and the Ontario Temperance Act.” Ontario History 55:4 (December 1963): 233–46.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Cruise of the Minnie M.” Ontario History 59:2 (June 1967): 125–28.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Ontario General Election of 1919: The Beginnings of Agrarian Revolt.’ Journal of Canadian Studies 4:1 (February 1969): 26–36.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Succession of William H Hearst to the Ontario Premiership—September 1914.” Ontario History 56:3 (September 1964): 158–89.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. No Regrets: The Rise and Fall of Sir William Hearst. University of Toronto Press, 2024.
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Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by
C. H. Mitchell
 President of the Empire Club of Canada
1922 		Succeeded by
Elias H. Wilkinson
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