2024 Missouri Valley Football Conference season
2024 Missouri Valley Football Conference season | |
---|---|
League | NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision |
Sport | Football |
Duration | August 29, 2024 through January 6, 2025 |
Number of teams | 11 |
TV partner(s) | ESPN College Football, ESPN+, Local TV partners |
2025 NFL draft | |
Regular season |
Conf | Overall | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Team | W | L | W | L | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 19 Illinois State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missouri State* | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Murray State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 24 North Dakota | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 2 North Dakota State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Northern Iowa | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 5 South Dakota | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 1 South Dakota State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 10 Southern Illinois | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No. 25 Youngstown State | 0 | – | 0 | 0 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Ineligible for 2024 FCS playoffs due to transition to the FBS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rankings from STATS Poll |
The 2024 Missouri Valley Football Conference season will be the 39th season of college football play for the Missouri Valley Football Conference and part of the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season. This will be the MVFC's first season returning to 11 teams, and its 4th in the last 5 seasons. It will also be their last for now as Missouri State announced before the season that they would be joining Conference USA starting in the 2025–26 academic year. They will be ineligible for the FCS playoffs during the 2024 season.[1]
Previous season
[edit]In 2023, South Dakota State won the conference and received the automatic bid to the 2023 playoffs. The top seeded Jacks would go on to win their second consecutive FCS Championship, beating second seeded Montana.[2] South Dakota would also make a seed and wait until the second round to play as the third seed, but would fall to North Dakota State in the quarterfinal round.[3] The Bison made the tournament unseeded for the first time since the 2010 season, and would make it all the way to the semifinal round before losing to the Griz[4] - winning two straight road games to get there. Southern Illinois, Youngstown State and North Dakota would also make the playoffs as unseeded teams. The Salukis and Penguins fell in the second round, to 4th seeded Idaho[5] and 6th seeded Villanova[6] respectively. The Fighting Hawks fell at home to Sacramento State in the first round.[7]
Conference changes
[edit]After the conclusion of the 2023 college football season, Western Illinois left the conference for the Ohio Valley Conference after 38 years in the league as a charter member. This move matches the Leathernecks departure from their main conference, the Summit League, which they left after the 2022-23 collegiate season.[8]
Coaching changes
[edit]Murray State
[edit]On January 10, 2024, Jody Wright was named the new head coach at Murray State.[9] Wright takes over for Dean Hood, who retired after the 2023 season.[10]
North Dakota State
[edit]On December 17, 2023, Tim Polasek was named the new head coach at North Dakota State.[11] Polasek takes over for Matt Entz, who left the Bison for the linebackers/assistant coach position at USC.[12]
Preseason
[edit]League Poll
[edit]The annual preseason poll; voted on by conference coaches, athletic directors, and media members.[13]
Predicted finish | Team | Points (1st place votes) |
---|---|---|
1 | South Dakota State | 482 (42) |
2 | North Dakota State | 437 (1) |
3 | South Dakota | 371 |
4 | Southern Illinois | 293 |
5 | North Dakota | 276 |
6 | Illinois State | 264 |
7 | Youngstown State | 255 |
8 | Northern Iowa | 227 |
9 | Missouri State | 164 (1) |
10 | Indiana State | 68 |
11 | Murray State | 67 |
Individual Awards
[edit]
|
|
Source:[14]
Rankings
[edit]Improvement in ranking | ||
Drop in ranking | ||
Not ranked previous week | ||
No change in ranking from previous week | ||
RV | Received votes but were not ranked in Top 25 of poll | |
т | Tied with team above or below also with this symbol |
Pre | Wk 1 |
Wk 2 |
Wk 3 |
Wk 4 |
Wk 5 |
Wk 6 |
Wk 7 |
Wk 8 |
Wk 9 |
Wk 10 |
Wk 11 |
Wk 12 |
Final | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illinois State | STATS | 19 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Indiana State | STATS | ||||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Missouri State | STATS | ||||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Murray State | STATS | ||||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
North Dakota | STATS | 24 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
North Dakota State | STATS | 2 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Northern Iowa | STATS | RV | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
South Dakota | STATS | 5 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
South Dakota State | STATS | 1 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Southern Illinois | STATS | 10 | |||||||||||||
Coaches | |||||||||||||||
Youngstown State | STATS | 25 | |||||||||||||
Coaches |
Schedule
[edit]Index to colors and formatting |
---|
MVFC member won |
MVFC member lost |
MVFC teams in bold |
All times Central time.
† denotes Homecoming game
^ denotes AP Poll ranking for FBS teams
Regular season schedule
[edit]Week 1
[edit]Week 2
[edit]Week 3
[edit]Week 4
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 21 | 1:00 PM | San Diego | North Dakota | Alerus Center • Grand Forks, ND | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 1:00 PM | Towson | North Dakota State† | Fargodome • Fargo, ND | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 1:00 PM | Drake | South Dakota | DakotaDome • Vermillion, SD | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 2:30 PM | Youngstown State | Pitt | Acrisure Stadium • Pittsburgh, PA | ACC Network | |||
September 21 | 6:00 PM | Eastern Illinois | Illinois State | Hancock Stadium • Normal, IL | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 6:00 PM | Southeast Missouri State | Southern Illinois | Saluki Stadium • Carbondale, IL | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 6:00 PM | South Dakota State | Southeastern Louisiana | Strawberry Stadium • Hammond, LA | ||||
September 21 | 6:00 PM | Missouri State | UT Martin | Graham Stadium • Martin, TN | ESPN+ | |||
September 21 | 11:00 PM | Northern Iowa | Hawaii | Clarence T. C. Ching Athletics Complex • Honolulu, HI | ||||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Week 5
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
September 28 | 12:00 PM | Houston Christian | Indiana State | Memorial Stadium • Terre Haute, IN | ESPN+ | |||
September 28 | 1:00 PM | Murray State | North Dakota | Alerus Center • Grand Forks, ND | ESPN+ | |||
September 28 | 1:00 PM | Southern Illinois | South Dakota | DakotaDome • Vermillion, SD | ESPN+ | |||
September 28 | 2:00 PM | Youngstown State | Missouri State | Robert W. Plaster Stadium • Springfield, MO | ESPN+ | |||
September 28 | 2:00 PM | North Dakota State | Illinois State† | Hancock Stadium • Normal, IL | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week | |
---|---|---|
September 28 | South Dakota State | Northern Iowa |
Week 6
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 5 | 1:00 PM | Indiana State | Youngstown State | Stambaugh Stadium • Youngstown, OH | ESPN+ | |||
October 5 | 2:00 PM | South Dakota | Murray State | Roy Stewart Stadium • Murray, KY | ESPN+ | |||
October 5 | 2:30 PM | North Dakota | North Dakota State | Fargodome • Fargo, ND | ESPN+ | |||
October 5 | 4:00 PM | South Dakota State | Northern Iowa | UNI-Dome • Cedar Falls, IA | ESPN+ | |||
October 5 | 6:00 PM | Illinois State | Southern Illinois | Saluki Stadium • Carbondale, IL | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
October 5 | Missouri State |
Week 7
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 12 | 12:00 PM | Missouri State | Illinois State | Hancock Stadium • Normal, IL | ESPN+ | |||
October 12 | 12:00 PM | Murray State | Indiana State | Memorial Stadium • Terre Haute, IN | ESPN+ | |||
October 12 | 2:00 PM | North Dakota State | Southern Illinois† | Saluki Stadium • Carbondale, IL | ESPN+ | |||
October 12 | 2:00 PM | Northern Iowa | South Dakota | DakotaDome • Vermillion, SD | ESPN+ | |||
October 12 | 2:00 PM | Youngstown State | South Dakota State | Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium • Brookings, SD | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
October 12 | North Dakota |
Week 8
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 19 | TBA | South Dakota State | North Dakota State | Fargodome • Fargo, ND | TBA | |||
October 19 | 1:00 PM | Northern Iowa | North Dakota | Alerus Center • Grand Forks, ND | ESPN+ | |||
October 19 | 2:00 PM | Illinois State | Murray State | Roy Stewart Stadium • Murray, KY | ESPN+ | |||
October 19 | 2:00 PM | Indiana State | Missouri State† | Robert W. Plaster Stadium • Springfield, MO | ESPN+ | |||
October 19 | 5:00 PM | South Dakota | Youngstown State | Stambaugh Stadium • Youngstown, OH | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
October 19 | Southern Illinois |
Week 9
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 26 | TBA | South Dakota | South Dakota State | Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium • Brookings, SD | TBA | |||
October 26 | 12:00 PM | Southern Illinois | Indiana State† | Memorial Stadium • Terre Haute, IN | ESPN+ | |||
October 26 | 1:00 PM | North Dakota State | Murray State | Roy Stewart Stadium • Murray, KY | ESPN+ | |||
October 26 | 4:00 PM | Missouri State | Northern Iowa† | UNI-Dome • Cedar Falls, IA | ESPN+ | |||
October 26 | 5:00 PM | North Dakota | Youngstown State | Stambaugh Stadium • Youngstown, OH | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
October 26 | Illinois State |
Week 10
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
November 2 | 12:00 PM | North Dakota | Indiana State | Memorial Stadium • Terre Haute, IN | ESPN+ | |||
November 2 | 2:00 PM | Youngstown State | Illinois State | Hancock Stadium • Normal, IL | ESPN+ | |||
November 2 | 2:00 PM | Murray State | South Dakota State | Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium • Brookings, SD | ESPN+ | |||
November 2 | 2:00 PM | Southern Illinois | Missouri State | Robert W. Plaster Stadium • Springfield, MO | ESPN+ | |||
November 2 | 2:30 PM | Northern Iowa | North Dakota State | Fargodome • Fargo, ND | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
November 2 | South Dakota |
Week 11
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
November 9 | 12:00 PM | Youngstown State | Southern Illinois | Saluki Stadium • Carbondale, IL | ESPN+ | |||
November 9 | 1:00 PM | South Dakota State | North Dakota | Alerus Center • Grand Forks, ND | ESPN+ | |||
November 9 | 1:00 PM | Missouri State | Murray State | Roy Stewart Stadium • Murray, KY | ESPN+ | |||
November 9 | 1:00 PM | Illinois State | Northern Iowa | UNI-Dome • Cedar Falls, IA | ESPN+ | |||
November 9 | 1:00 PM | Indiana State | South Dakota | DakotaDome • Vermillion, SD | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
November 9 | North Dakota State |
Week 12
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
November 16 | 11:00 AM | Northern Iowa | Youngstown State | Stambaugh Stadium • Youngstown, OH | ESPN+ | |||
November 16 | 12:00 PM | Illinois State | Indiana State | Memorial Stadium • Terre Haute, IN | ESPN+ | |||
November 16 | 12:00 PM | South Dakota | North Dakota | Alerus Center • Grand Forks, ND | ESPN+ | |||
November 16 | 12:30 PM | Murray State | Kentucky | Kroger Field • Lexington, KY | SEC Network/ESPN+ | |||
November 16 | 2:00 PM | Southern Illinois | South Dakota State | Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium • Brookings, SD | ESPN+ | |||
November 16 | 2:30 PM | Missouri State | North Dakota State | Fargodome • Fargo, ND | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Week 13
[edit]Date | Time | Visiting team | Home team | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
November 23 | 12:00 PM | North Dakota | Illinois State | Hancock Stadium • Normal, IL | ESPN+ | |||
November 23 | 12:00 PM | Murray State | Southern Illinois | Saluki Stadium • Carbondale, IL | ESPN+ | |||
November 23 | 1:00 PM | Indiana State | Northern Iowa | UNI-Dome • Cedar Falls, IA | ESPN+ | |||
November 23 | 1:00 PM | North Dakota State | South Dakota | DakotaDome • Vermillion, SD | ESPN+ | |||
November 23 | 2:00 PM | South Dakota State | Missouri State | Robert W. Plaster Stadium • Springfield, MO | ESPN+ | |||
#Rankings from Stats Perform. All times are in Central Time. |
Date | Bye week |
---|---|
November 23 | Youngstown State |
MVFC records vs other conferences
[edit]2024–25 records against non-conference foes:
|
Post season
|
Awards and honors
[edit]Player of the week honors
[edit]Week | Offensive | Defensive | Special teams | Freshman | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Player | Position | Team | Player | Position | Team | Player | Position | Team | Player | Position | Team |
Home attendance
[edit]Team | Stadium | Capacity | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 | Game 4 | Game 5 | Game 6 | Game 7 | Game 8 | Game 9 | Total | Average | % of capacity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illinois State | Hancock Stadium | 13,391 | % | |||||||||||
Indiana State | Memorial Stadium | 12,764 | % | |||||||||||
Missouri State | Robert W. Plaster Stadium | 17,500 | % | |||||||||||
Murray State | Roy Stewart Stadium | 16,800 | % | |||||||||||
North Dakota | Alerus Center | 12,283 | % | |||||||||||
North Dakota State | Fargodome | 18,700 | % | |||||||||||
Northern Iowa | UNI-Dome | 16,324 | % | |||||||||||
South Dakota | DakotaDome | 9,100 | % | |||||||||||
South Dakota State | Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium | 19,340 | % | |||||||||||
Southern Illinois | Saluki Stadium | 15,000 | % | |||||||||||
Youngstown State | Stambaugh Stadium | 20,630 | % |
Bold - Exceed or met capacity
†Season High
‡FCS Playoff Game
2025 NFL draft
[edit]The following list includes all MVFC players who were drafted in the 2025 NFL draft.
Player | Position | School | Draft round |
Round pick |
Overall pick |
Team |
---|
Head coaches
[edit]Through ---
All stats include 2024 season
Team | Head coach | Years at school | Overall record | Record at school | MVFC record | MVFC titles | FCS playoff appearances | FCS playoff record | National titles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illinois State | Brock Spack | 16 | 101–70 (.591) | 101–70 (.591) | 64–52 (.552) | 2 | 5 | 7–5 (.583) | 0 |
Indiana State | Curt Mallory | 7[a] | 20–47 (.299) | 20–47 (.299) | 13–35 (.271) | 0 | 0 | 0–0 (–) | 0 |
Missouri State | Ryan Beard | 2 | 4–7 (.364) | 4–7 (.364) | 3–5 (.375) | 0 | 0 | 0–0 (–) | 0 |
Murray State | Jody Wright | 1 | 0–0 (–) | 0–0 (–) | 0–0 (–) | 0 | 0 | 0–0 (–) | 0 |
North Dakota | Bubba Schweigert[b] | 11 | 83–71 (.539) | 61–50 (.550) | 17–12 (.586) | 0 | 5 | 1–5 (.167) | 0 |
North Dakota State | Tim Polasek | 1 | 0–0 (–) | 0–0 (–) | 0–0 (–) | 0 | 0 | 0–0 (–) | 0 |
Northern Iowa | Mark Farley | 24 | 180–103 (.636) | 180–103 (.636) | 116–59 (.663) | 7 | 13 | 16–13 (.552) | 0 |
South Dakota | Bob Nielson[c] | 9 | 228–125–1 (.645) | 42–45 (.483) | 29–31 (.483) | 0 | 3 | 2–3 (.400) | 2 |
South Dakota State | Jimmy Rogers | 2 | 15–0 (1.000) | 15–0 (1.000) | 8–0 (1.000) | 1 | 1 | 4–0 (1.000) | 1 |
Southern Illinois | Nick Hill | 9 | 44–48 (.478) | 44–48 (.478) | 26–36 (.419) | 0 | 3 | 3–3 (.500) | 0 |
Youngstown State | Doug Phillips | 5 | 18–22 (.450) | 18–22 (.450) | 12–18 (.400) | 0 | 1 | 1–1 (.500) | 0 |
- ^ Indiana State did not play football in the 2020-21 academic year
- ^ Bubba Schweigert coached Minnesota Duluth of NCAA Division II from 2004-07. He also coached North Dakota while they were a part of the Big Sky Conference from 2014-17 and were independents in 2018 and 2019.
- ^ Bob Nielson coached Western Illinois from 2013-15, which included a run in the playoffs that ended in the second round. Nielson also coached Minnesota-Duluth from 1999-2003 and 2008-12, that second stint included five consecutive NCAA Division II playoff appearances highlighted by 2 National Titles. In the first stint at MN-Duluth included his first Division II playoff appearance. Nielson also coached Wisconsin-Eau Claire from 1996-98 that included one NCAA Division III playoff run that ended in the semifinals. Before that, he coached Wartburg from 1991-95, which included two Division III playoff runs as well. His first head coaching job was at Ripon from 1989-90.
References
[edit]- ^ "Missouri State heads to FBS, joining Conference USA in 2025". espn.com. ESPN. May 10, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ "South Dakota State repeats as FCS champs with 29th consecutive win, 23-3 over Montana". apnews.com. Associated Press. January 7, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "North Dakota State rolls into FCS semifinals with 45-17 win over South Dakota". cbssports.com. CBS Sports. December 9, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Bergen comes up big as Montana beats North Dakota State 31-29 in 2 OTs to make FCS Championship game". cbssports.com. CBS Sports. December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Chavez kicks 29-yard FG in OT to help Idaho beat S. Illinois 20-17, advance to FCS quarters". apnews.com. Associated Press. December 3, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Watkins, Jackson both run for two TDs, Villanova tops Youngstown State 45-28 in FCS playoffs". apnews.com. Associated Press. December 2, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Late score gives Sacramento State 42-35 win over North Dakota in FCS playoffs". cbssports.com. CBS Sports. November 25, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Leatherneck Athletics Moving to Ohio Valley Conference for All Sports". goleathernecks.com. Western Illinois Leathernecks. May 12, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Murray State Names Jody Wright 20th Head Coach of Racer Football". goracers.com. Murray State Racers. January 10, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Dean Hood Announces Retirement From Coaching". goracers.com. Murray State Racers. January 1, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "NDSU Names Tim Polasek Head Football Coach". gobison.com. North Dakota State Bison. December 17, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Matt Entz Leaving NDSU After FCS Playoffs". gobison.com. North Dakota State Bison. December 10, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
- ^ "Valley Football 2024 Preseason Team and Poll". valley-football.org. Missouri Valley Football Conference. July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
- ^ "2024 MVFC Preseason Team and Poll" (PDF). valley-football.org. Missouri Valley Football Conference. July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.