Extraskeletal chondroma
| Extraskeletal chondroma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chondroma of soft parts |
 | |
| Chondroma of the soft parts located in the little toe. | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Extraskeletal chondroma is a cutaneous condition, a rare benign tumor of mature cartilage.[1]
Signs and symptoms
[edit]An extraskeletal chondroma often manifests clinically as a nodular soft tissue mass that steadily enlarges without discomfort and may exist for varying lengths of time before diagnosis.[2] The fingers and toes are the most often affected areas.[3] The tumor is oval in shape and clearly defined; it rarely has a diameter more than 3 cm.[4]
Causes
[edit]Rather of coming from mature osseous or cartilaginous tissue, it is believed that this tumor originates from the fibrous stroma of soft tissues.[2] Micro trauma that occurs repeatedly could be the trigger.[5]
Diagnosis
[edit]A positive diagnosis can only be made through a histological analysis.[5] An extraskeletal osteochondroma may show up on traditional radiography as a well-circumscribed, lobulated mass with intense core mineralization.[6] The extraskeletal position of the mass can be verified by CT, which can also reveal foci of ossification or calcification that help narrow the diagnosis to extraskeletal chondroma.[7] The most effective radiologic method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is able to characterize the tumor's extent, contour, shape, and intensity as well as its relationship to any calcifications or surrounding structures.[5]
According to histopathology, the tumor has a lot of lobular structures and certain sections that resemble mucous-containing hyaline cartilage. Eosinophilic cells with a spindle or circular form are sparsely distributed throughout the tumor matrix. Tumor cells enlarge and take on a rounded appearance, resembling hyaline cartilage. Incomplete lacuna-like voids can occasionally occur in the surrounding matrix. In few circumstances, multinuclear cells and nuclear atypia are present in benign chondroma as well.[4]
Treatment
[edit]The only effective treatment is surgery, however recurrence is frequent.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ a b Adaletli, Ibrahim; Laor, Tal; Yin, Hong; Podberesky, Daniel J. (2011). "Extraskeletal Chondroma: Another Diagnostic Possibility for a Soft Tissue Axillary Mass in an Adolescent". Case Reports in Orthopedics. 2011. Hindawi Limited: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2011/309328. ISSN 2090-6749. PMC 3505889. PMID 23198206.
- ^ Kransdorf, M J; Meis, J M (1993). "From the archives of the AFIP. Extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous tumors of the extremities". RadioGraphics. 13 (4). Radiological Society of North America (RSNA): 853–884. doi:10.1148/radiographics.13.4.8356273. ISSN 0271-5333. PMID 8356273.
- ^ a b Saito, Masato; Nishimoto, Kazumasa; Nakayama, Robert; Kikuta, Kazutaka; Nakamura, Masaya; Matsumoto, Morio; Morioka, Hideo (2017-06-06). "Extraskeletal Chondroma of the Index Finger: A Case Report". Case Reports in Oncology. 10 (2): 479–484. doi:10.1159/000477237. ISSN 1662-6575. PMC 5498964. PMID 28690520.
- ^ a b c Bahnassy; Abdul-Khalik (2009). "Soft Tissue Chondroma: A Case Report and Literature Review". Oman Medical Journal. 24 (4): 296–299. doi:10.5001/omj.2009.60. ISSN 2070-5204. PMC 3243868. PMID 22216384.
- ^ Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J.; Savvidou, Olga D.; Mavrogenis, Andreas F.; Chloros, George D.; Papaparaskeva, Kleo Th.; Soucacos, Panayotis N. (2007). "Extraskeletal chondroma of the foot". Joint Bone Spine. 74 (3). Elsevier BV: 285–288. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2006.06.014. ISSN 1297-319X.
- ^ Singh, R; Sharma, AK; Magu, NK; Kaur, KP; Sen, R; Magu, S (2006). "Extraskeletal Osteochondroma in the Nape of the Neck: A Case Report". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 14 (2). SAGE Publications: 192–195. doi:10.1177/230949900601400217. ISSN 2309-4990. PMID 16914787.
- ^ Kakamad, Fahmi H.; Salih, Abdulwahid M.; hassan, Marwan N.; Mohammed, Shvan H.; Abdullah, Ari M. (2020). "A rare presentation of soft tissue chondroma: A case report". International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 72. Elsevier BV: 426–428. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.06.045. ISSN 2210-2612. PMC 7306534.
Further reading
[edit]- Le Corroller, Thomas; Bouvier-Labit, Corinne; Champsaur, Pierre (2008). "Diffuse mineralization of forearm extraskeletal chondroma". Joint Bone Spine. 75 (4). Elsevier BV: 479–481. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.06.019. ISSN 1297-319X. PMID 18439866.
- Schwaiger, Karl; Ensat, Florian; Neureiter, Daniel; Wechselberger, Gottfried; Hladik, Michaela (2017). "Trigger Finger Caused by Extraskeletal Chondroma". The Journal of Hand Surgery. 42 (1). Elsevier BV: e51–e55. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.10.003. ISSN 0363-5023. PMID 27817941.