Richard Arthur Bogle
Richard Arthur Bogle (September 7, 1835 – November 22, 1904)[1] was an American pioneer. He was born in Jamaica,[2] and he died in Walla Walla, Washington state. He was known as the first African-American businessman in Walla Walla, Washington.
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Early life
[edit]Bogle was born in Jamaica in 1835 to parents who were slaves until 1833.[1] At the age of 12, he escaped by smuggling himself onto a ship bound for New York, where he remained for one year before moving to Michigan.[3] He stayed in Michigan for a short time before joining a wagon train to the Oregon Territory at age 16 in 1851.[3] Three years later, Bogle packed up and left to Yreka, California, and studied under Nathan Ferber, as a barber.[2]
From there, he traveled to Deadwood, California three years later, and he mined for gold, while also opening a barbershop and a restaurant.[3] Bogle returned to Oregon three years later, the “land of promise” in mid-October [2] to start a barbershop in Roseburg.[4] He followed this trade until 1862 when he moved to visit the mining camps in Florence, Elk City, and Ori Fine in Idaho before returning to the Walla Walla Valley.[1]
Wedding controversy and marriage to America Waldo
[edit]On January 1, 1863, the same day that the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by President Abraham Lincoln.[5] Bogle married America Waldo, an Oregon pioneer from Missouri.[1] The wedding caused controversy due to the attendance of several white guests, including Oregon Supreme Court judge Joseph G. Wilson and state legislator Daniel Waldo.[6] Daniel, who raised America and is thought to have been her uncle, gave them "several gifts of great value with which to start their home."[4]
Bogle and America Waldo were married in a private home by Obed Dickinson, a pastor known for advocating African American equality in Oregon who was sent by New England's American Home Missionary Society to establish a congregation in the Salem area. After officiating the wedding, Dickinson's congregation received even more criticism and heightened racial tension in Oregon that would continue until after the Civil War.[7]
Newspaper editor Asahel Bush called the wedding "shameful" for its "negro equality sentiment".[6] However, The Oregonian defended Wilson and Waldo's attendance, writing that "the good feeling thus frequently called forth" by the presence of white guests "is one of the gratifications of the blacks that reconciles them to their lot."[6]
Later life in Walla Walla
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Later, Bogle and his family bought and ran a successful[1] 200-acre ranch[3] and settled in eastern Washington.[5]
At the Fort Walla Walla Museum in Washington,[8] a 15-acre park consisting of four historic exhibits and a seventeen-building pioneer village, Bogle's life is being presented by a member of the Living History troupe.
Walla Walla businesses
[edit]Soon after their wedding, the Bogles moved to Walla Walla, Washington.[1] Richard Bogle started a barbershop on Main Street,[1] making him the first black businessman in Walla Walla[9] on “proprietor of the tonsorial parlors at No.3 Second Street.”[2] Racial segregation made it difficult for black visitors to find accommodation in Walla Walla, so Bogle often allowed them to stay in his shop.
He was a co-founder of the Walla Walla Savings[5] and Loan Association.[1] After working, as a barber for several years until his health deteriorated he turned the business over to his sons.[2]
Family
[edit]Of America Waldo and Richard Bogle's eight children, five lived into adulthood. Bogle's three oldest children appear to have died between 1876 and 1878.[4] His younger children- Belle, Waldo, Arthur, Warren, and Katherine[9]- lived to adulthood.[1] Two of their three sons followed in their father's path and became professional barbers in Portland, Oregon. Bogle's son, Waldo Bogle, moved to Portland in 1913, to operate their barbershop "in the Golden West Hotel"[5] thankful for the "courtesy of the Oregon historical society".[5]
Their great-grandson, also named Richard Bogle, became the second African-American city commissioner in Portland, Oregon.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i "America Waldo Bogle and Richard Arthur Bogle". Oregon Secretary of State. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Lyman, William Denison (1901). An illustrated history of Walla Walla County, state of Washington. The Library of Congress. [San Francisco?] W. H. Lever.
- ^ a b c d "Living History Performance; Richard Bogle, Jamaican immigrant, barber, businessman". Fort Walla Walla Museum. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ a b c Johnson, Brian W. "America Waldo Bogle and the Question of her Ancestry". Oregon Pioneers. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Moreland, Kimberly Stowers; Pioneers, Oregon Black (2013). African Americans of Portland. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-9619-8.
- ^ a b c Oliver, Egbert S. (Spring 1991). "Obed Dickinson and the "Negro Question"". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 92 (1): 4–40. JSTOR 20614359.
- ^ Millner, Darrell (1998). "Book Review of, Obed Dickinson's War against Sin in Salem, 1853-1867". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 89 (4): 410. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ Fort Walla Walla Museum
- ^ a b "Richard Bogle and America Waldo Bogle". Whitman College. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ Harrison, James (17 March 2018). "Richard "Dick" Bogle (1930-2010)". Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- 1835 births
- 1904 deaths
- Oregon pioneers
- Washington (state) pioneers
- Jamaican emigrants to the United States
- People from Walla Walla, Washington
- 19th-century African-American businesspeople
- Ranchers from Washington (state)
- People of the California Gold Rush
- African-American history of Oregon
- African-American history of Washington (state)
- African diaspora in Jamaica
- Jamaican slaves
- Businesspeople from Washington (state)
- Jamaican businesspeople
- Businesspeople from Oregon
- African Americans in the American Old West
- 20th-century African-American people
- Colony of Jamaica people