List of rivers discharging into the North Sea
Appearance
Main affluents
[edit]The main affluents of North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Mean Discharge |
Length | Basin | States | Course |
Rhine | 2900 m³/s (R-M-delta) 2300 m³/s (proper) |
1238.8 km (with Hinterrhein) 1240 km (with Vorderrhein) |
197,100 km2 (76,100 sq mi) (with Meuse)[1] |
Switzerland (sources), Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Netherlands, Luxembourg (Moselle), Italy (Reno di Lei) |
smallest flow: Dischmabach → Landwasser → Albula → Hinterrhein (sum = 72 km) → Rhine longest course: Rein da Medel → Vorderrhein (sum = 74 km)→ Rhine |
Elbe | 870 m³/s | 1094 km (nominally) 1245 km (hydrologically) |
148,268 km2 (57,247 sq mi)[1] | the Czech Republic (sources), Germany, Austria (Lainsitz), Poland (Dzika Orlica and smaller affluents) | longer and larger tributary Vltava |
Glomma | 698 m³/s | 601 km | 41,917 km2 (16,184 sq mi) | Norway, Sweden (affluents) | Glomma → lake Aursunden → Glomma → Skagerrak |
Göta älv | 575 m³/s | 93 km (nominally) 720 km (hydrologically) |
50,229.3 km2 (19,393.6 sq mi) | Sweden, Norway (Trysilelva) | Rogen → lake Femund → Trysilelva → Klarälven → lake Vänern → Göta älv → Kattegat[2] |
IJssel | 380 m³/s (75% from Rhine)[3] |
125 km (nominally) 188 km (with Oude IJssel) |
4,533 km2 (1,750 sq mi) | Netherlands, Germany (source Oude IJssel) | Oude IJssel → IJssel → Ketelmeer → IJsselmeer → Wadden Sea |
Meuse | 357 m³/s | 874 km | 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi)[1] | France (source), Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg (Chiers), Germany (Rur, S(ch)walm, Niers) |
sharing mouths of the Rhine |
Weser | 327 m³/s | 451.4 km (nominally) 751 km (with Werra) |
41,094 km2 (15,866 sq mi)[4] | Germany | formed by confluence of Werra (longer) and Fulda (larger) |
Drammenselva | 314 m³/s | 48 km (nominally) 301 km (system) |
17,110 km2 (6,610 sq mi) | Norway | … → Slidrefjorden → Strondafjorden → Aurdalsfjorden → Begna → Sperillen → Ådalselva → Randselva → Storelva → Tyrifjorden → Drammenselva → Oslofjord |
Humber (estuary) |
250 m³/s (without tide flows) |
62 km (nominally) 359 km (with Trent) |
24,240 km2 (9,360 sq mi)[5] | England | common estuary of Trent and Ouse (see below) |
Tay | 170 m³/s | 193 km | 6,216 km2 (2,400 sq mi)[6] | Scotland | River Tay → Firth of Tay (estuary, included in the figures) |
Otra | 150 m³/s | 245 km | 3,740 km2 (1,440 sq mi) | Norway | → Skagerrak |
Sira | 130 m³/s | 152 km | 1,902 km2 (734 sq mi) | Norway | |
Scheldt | 127 m³/s | 360 km | 21,863 km2 (8,441 sq mi)[1] | France (source), Belgium, Netherlands (estuary) | |
River Forth | 112 m³/s | 47 km (nominally) 55 km (hydrologically) |
1,029 km2 (397 sq mi)[7][8] | Scotland | → Firth of Forth |
Numedalslågen | 111 m³/s | 352 km | 5,554 km2 (2,144 sq mi) | Norway | → Skagerrak |
Trent | 99 m³/s | 297 km | 10,452 km2 (4,036 sq mi) | England | → Humber (see above) |
Tweed | 85 m³/s | 156 km | 1,080 km2 (420 sq mi)[9] | Scotland (source), England | |
Lagan | 82 m³/s | 244 km | 6,451.8 km2 (2,491.1 sq mi) | Sweden | → Kattegat[2] |
Ems | 80.5 m³/s | 371 km | 13,160 km2 (5,080 sq mi)[1] | Germany, Netherlands (estuary) | |
Thames | 65.8 m³/s | 346 km | 12,935 km2 (4,994 sq mi)[10] | England | |
Spey | 64 m³/s | 173 km | 3,008 km2 (1,161 sq mi)[11] | Scotland | → Moray Firth |
Ätran | 52.5 m³/s | 243 km | 3,342.2 km2 (1,290.4 sq mi) | Sweden | → Kattegat[2] |
Zwarte Water | 50 m³/s | 19 km (nominally) 201 km (with Vecht) |
5,741 km2 (2,217 sq mi) | Germany (source), Netherlands | Vecht/Vechte → Zwarte Water → Zwarte Meer → IJsselmeer → Wadden Sea |
River Tyne | 44.6 m³/s | 321.4 km | 2,200 km2 (850 sq mi)[4] | England | |
Yorkshire Ouse | 44 m³/s | 208 km (with Ure) | 3,315 km2 (1,280 sq mi) | England | Ure → Ouse → Humber (see above) |
Nissan | 41 m³/s | 200 km | 2,686 km2 (1,037 sq mi) | Sweden | → Kattegat |
Skjern Å | 36.6 m³/s | 94 km | 2,100 km2 (810 sq mi)[12] | Denmark | → Ringkøbing Fjord (lagoon) |
Great Ouse | 35 m³/s | 270 km | 8,530 km2 (3,290 sq mi) | England | → The Wash |
Gudenå | 32.4 m³/s[13] | 149 km | 2,643 km2 (1,020 sq mi)[12] | Denmark | → Kattegat[2] |
Long list
[edit]Austrian drainage basin
[edit]- Elbe (near Cuxhaven, Germany)
- Vltava (in Mělník, Czech Republic)
- Lužnice/Lainsitz (in Týn nad Vltavou, Czech Republic)
- Vltava (in Mělník, Czech Republic)
- Rhine/Rhein (main branch at Hook of Holland, Netherlands)
- Bregenzer Ach (into Lake Constance in Bregenz)
- Dornbirner Ach (into Lake Constance near Bregenz)
- Ill (near Feldkirch)
Belgian drainage basin
[edit]- Yser (in Nieuwpoort) – France, Belgium
Danish drainage basins
[edit]English drainage basins
[edit]From Foreness Point to Shoeburyness
- River Medway (shares the Thames estuary)
- River Thames (From Oxford up to its source, the Thames is also known as the River Isis)
- River Darent
- River Ingrebourne (tidal reach known as Rainham Creek)
- River Beam (downstream name for River Rom)
- Wogebourne (lower reach known as Crossway Canal)
- River Roding (tidal reach known as Barking Creek)
- River Lea (or Lee)
- River Moselle (mostly subterranean, original tributary of Lee, now empties into Pymme's Brook)
- The Hackney Brook (subterranean, and probably now diverted to the Thames)
- River Beane
- River Mimram
- River Ravensbourne (tidal reach known as Deptford Creek)
- Spring Brook
- River Pool
- River Beck
- Chaffinch Brook
- River Quaggy (upper reaches known as Kyd Brook)
- Quaggy Hither Green
- Middle Kid Brooke
- Lower Kid Brooke
- Little Quaggy
- Fairy Hall Flow
- Grove Park Ditch
- Border Ditch
- Milk Street Ditch
- Halls Farm Ditch
- Petts Wood Ditch
- East Branch
- Main Branch
- River Neckinger (See also Subterranean rivers of London for this and the others marked 'subterranean' below)
- Walbrook (subterranean)
- River Fleet (subterranean, also known as the Holbourne)
- River Effra (subterranean)
- River Tyburn (subterranean)
- Falconbrook (subterranean)
- River Westbourne (subterranean)
- Tyburn Brook (subterranean)
- Counter's Creek (subterranean)
- River Wandle
- Beverley Brook
- Stamford Brook (subterranean – tidal reach known as Hammersmith Creek)
- Bollar or Bollo Brook (subterranean)
- River Brent
- Duke of Northumberland's River
- River Crane
- Hogsmill River
- The Rythe
- River Ember
- Longford River
- River Ash
- River Wey
- River Bourne, north branch
- River Bourne, south branch
- River Colne
- Colne Brook
- The Cut
- River Wye
- River Loddon
- River Kennet
- River Pang
- River Thame
- River Ock
- River Cherwell
- River Evenlode
- River Windrush
- River Cole
- River Leach
- River Coln
- River Ray
- River Key
- River Churn
Flowing into the North Sea – North of the Thames Estuary
[edit]From Shoeburyness to St Abb's Head
- River Crouch
- River Blackwater
- River Colne
- River Stour
- River Orwell
- River Deben
- River Alde/River Ore
- Minsmere River
- River Blyth
- River Yox
- River Yare
River Hundred (Benacre, Kessingland
- River Burn
- River Great Ouse
- River Nene
- River Welland
- Boston Haven
- Steeping River
- Saltfleet Haven
- Grainthorpe Haven
- River Lud Canalised and diverted as Louth Navigation.
- Tetney Haven
- Humber estuary
- Buck Beck
- River Freshney
- East Halton Beck
- The Beck
- River Ancholme
- Halton Drain
- River Trent
- River Ouse
- River Hull
- Sands Drain
- Winestead Drain
- Gypsey Race
- Sea Cut (Scalby Beck)
- River Esk
- Skelton Beck
- River Tees
- River Wear
- River Tyne
- River Blyth
- River Wansbeck
- River Coquet
- River Aln
- River Tweed
- Whiteadder Water, Scotland
- Blackadder Water, Scotland
- River Till
- Eden Water, Scotland
- River Teviot, Scotland
- Leader Water, Scotland
- Gala Water, Scotland
- Ettrick Water, Scotland
- Leithen Water, Scotland
- Quair Water, Scotland
- Eddleston Water, Scotland
- Manor Water, Scotland
- Holms Water, Scotland
- Whiteadder Water, Scotland
French drainage basin
[edit]The Aa is an 89 km long river in northern France. Its source is near the village Bourthes. It flows through the départements and cities of Pas-de-Calais: Saint-Omer and Nord: Gravelines.
- Aa (in Gravelines)
German drainage basin
[edit]The three main rivers in Germany are the Rhine (German: Rhein) (main tributaries including the Neckar, the Main and the Moselle (Mosel)); the Elbe (also drains into the North Sea); and, the Danube (Donau).
The rivers in this section are sorted south-west (Netherlands) to east (Danish border).
- Meuse German: Maas (main branch at Stellendam, Netherlands)
- Rhine/Rhein (main branch at Hook of Holland, Netherlands)
- Lippe (in Wesel)
- Emscher (near Dinslaken)
- Ruhr (in Duisburg)
- Volme (near Hagen)
- Lenne (near Hagen)
- Möhne (in Neheim-Hüsten)
- Erft (in Neuss)
- Wupper/Wipper (in Leverkusen)
- Sieg (in Bonn)
- Ahr (near Sinzig)
- Wied (in Neuwied)
- Mehrbach (near Asbach)
- Aubach (in Neuwied)
- Engelsbach (Aubach) (in Neuwied)
- Moselle (in Koblenz)
- Elzbach (in Moselkern)
- Alf (in Alf)
- Lieser (near Bernkastel-Kues)
- Salm (near Klüsserath)
- Kyll (near Trier-Ehrang)
- Saar (near Konz)
- Nied (near Rehlingen-Siersburg)
- Prims (in Dillingen)
- Blies (in Sarreguemines)
- Schwarzbach (near Zweibrücken)
- Sauer (in Wasserbillig)
- Prüm (near Echternach)
- Our (in Wallendorf)
- Lahn (in Lahnstein)
- Nahe (in Bingen)
- Alsenz (near Bad Kreuznach)
- Glan (near Bad Sobernheim)
- Selz (in Ingelheim)
- Main (in Mainz)
- Nidda (in Frankfurt-Höchst)
- Kinzig (in Hanau)
- Tauber (in Wertheim am Main)
- Franconian Saale (in Gemünden am Main)
- Regnitz (in Bamberg)
- Pegnitz (in Fürth)
- Rednitz (in Fürth)
- Franconian Rezat (in Georgensgmünd)
- Swabian Rezat (in Georgensgmünd)
- Itz (in Baunach)
- Red Main (near Kulmbach)
- Neckar (in Mannheim)
- Jagst (near Bad Friedrichshall)
- Kocher (in Bad Friedrichshall)
- Enz (in Besigheim)
- Murr (in Marbach am Neckar)
- Rems (in Remseck)
- Fils (in Plochingen)
- Queich (near Germersheim)
- Pfinz (near Germersheim)
- Lauter (in Lauterbourg)
- Murg (near Rastatt)
- Sauer (in Seltz, France)
- Acher (near Lichtenau)
- Rench (near Lichtenau)
- Kinzig (near Kehl)
- Elz (near Lahr)
- Wiese (near Basel)
- Wutach (in Waldshut-Tiengen)
- IJssel (into the IJsselmeer near Kampen, Netherlands)
- Berkel (in Zutphen, Netherlands)
- Oude IJssel/Issel (in Doesburg, Netherlands)
- Zwarte Water (into the IJsselmeer near Genemuiden, Netherlands)
- Ems (near Delfzijl, Netherlands)
- Weser (near Bremerhaven)
- Hunte (in Elsfleth)
- Lesum (in Bremen-Vegesack)
- Wümme (in Ritterhude)
- Aller (near Verden (Aller))
- Böhme (near Rethem)
- Leine (near Schwarmstedt)
- Örtze (in Winsen an der Aller)
- Fuhse (in Celle)
- Oker (in Müden (Aller))
- Schunter (near Braunschweig)
- Werre (in Bad Oeynhausen)
- Diemel (in Bad Karlshafen)
- Fulda (in Hannoversch Münden)
- Werra (in Hannoversch Münden)
- Hörsel (near Eisenach)
- Ulster (in Philippsthal)
- Elbe (near Cuxhaven)
- Oste (near Otterndorf)
- Stör (near Glückstadt)
- Alster (in Hamburg)
- Bille (near Hamburg)
- Ilmenau (near Winsen (Luhe))
- Jeetzel (in Hitzacker)
- Löcknitz (near Dömitz)
- Aland (in Schnackenburg)
- Stepenitz (in Wittenberge)
- Havel (near Havelberg)
- Ohre (near Magdeburg)
- Saale (in Barby)
- Bode (in Nienburg (Saale))
- Wipper (Saale) (near Bernburg)
- White Elster (near Halle (Saale))
- Unstrut (near Naumburg)
- Wipper (Unstrut) (near Heldrungen)
- Gera (in Straußfurt)
- Ilm (in Großheringen)
- Schwarza (in Schwarza)
- Mulde (in Dessau)
- Zwickauer Mulde (near Colditz)
- Chemnitz (near Wechselburg)
- Freiberger Mulde (near Colditz)
- Zwickauer Mulde (near Colditz)
- Black Elster (near Wittenberg)
- Weißeritz (in Dresden)
- Wilde Weißeritz (in Freital)
- Wesenitz (in Pirna)
- Ohře/Eger (in Litoměřice, Czech Republic)
- Vltava (in Mělník, Czech Republic)
- Eider (in Tönning)
- Treene (in Friedrichstadt)
Netherlands drainage basin
[edit]- Zwarte Water (into IJsselmeer near Genemuiden) – Netherlands
- IJssel (into IJsselmeer near Kampen) – Netherlands
- Rhine/Rhein (main branch at Hook of Holland) – Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands
- Linge (in Gorinchem)
- Lippe (in Wesel)
- Emscher (near Dinslaken)
- Ruhr (in Duisburg)
- Düssel (in Düsseldorf)
- Erft (in Neuss)
- Wupper (in Leverkusen)
- Sieg (in Bonn)
- Ahr (near Sinzig)
- Wied (in Neuwied)
- Mehrbach (near Asbach)
- Aubach (in Neuwied)
- Engelsbach (Aubach) (in Neuwied)
- Moselle (in Koblenz)
- Kyll (near Trier-Ehrang)
- Ruwer (near Trier-Ruwer)
- Saar (near Konz)
- Nied (near Rehlingen-Siersburg)
- Sauer (in Wasserbillig)
- Prüm (near Echternach)
- Our (in Wallendorf)
- Alzette (in Ettelbruck)
- Seille (in Metz)
- Meurthe (in Frouard)
- Madon (in Neuves-Maisons)
- Vologne (near Éloyes)
- Moselotte (in Remiremont)
- Lahn (in Lahnstein)
- Nahe (in Bingen)
- Main (in Mainz)
- Nidda (in Frankfurt-Höchst)
- Kinzig (in Hanau)
- Tauber (in Wertheim am Main)
- Franconian Saale (in Gemünden)
- Regnitz (in Bamberg)
- Pegnitz (river) (in Fürth)
- Rednitz (in Fürth)
- Neckar (in Mannheim)
- Jagst (near Bad Friedrichshall)
- Kocher (in Bad Friedrichshall)
- Enz (in Besigheim)
- Fils (in Plochingen)
- Lauter (in Lauterbourg)
- Murg (near Rastatt)
- Ill (near Strasbourg)
- Kinzig (near Kehl)
- Elz (near Lahr)
- Wiese (in Basel)
- Aare (in Koblenz)
- Thur (near Schaffhausen)
- Ill (near Feldkirch)
- Vorderrhein (near Chur)
- Hinterrhein (near Chur)
- Meuse/Maas (main branch near Hellevoetsluis) – France, Belgium, Netherlands
- Dieze (near 's-Hertogenbosch)
- Aa (in 's-Hertogenbosch)
- Dommel (in 's-Hertogenbosch)
- Niers (in Gennep)
- Swalm (in Swalmen)
- Rur/Roer (in Roermond)
- Geul (near Meerssen)
- Jeker/Geer (in Maastricht)
- Ourthe (in Liège)
- Vesdre (near Liège)
- Amblève (in Comblain-au-Pont)
- Salm (in Trois-Ponts)
- Sambre (in Namur)
- Lesse (in Dinant-Anseremme)
- Viroin (in Vireux-Molhain)
- Semois/Semoy (in Monthermé)
- Bar (near Dom-le-Mesnil)
- Chiers (in Bazeilles)
- Dieze (near 's-Hertogenbosch)
- Scheldt/Schelde/Escaut (near Vlissingen) – France, Belgium, Netherlands
Norwegian drainage basin
[edit]- Otta (in Oppland into Gudbrandsdalslågen at Otta)
- Gudbrandsdalslågen (into Lake Mjøsa in Oppland)
- Vorma (out of Lake Mjøsa into Glomma at Årnes)
- Glomma (into Oslofjord at Fredrikstad)
- Renaelva (in Hedmark into Glomma at Åmot)
- Numedalslågen (in Larvik, Vestfold)
- Hallingdalselva (through Hallingdal into Lake Krøderen, Buskerud)
- Begna (in Buskerud)
- Dramselva (into Oslofjord in Drammen, Buskerud)
- Skien (into Møsvatn, Telemark)
- Tinn (into Møsvatn, Telemark)
- Nidelva (in Arendal, Aust-Agder)
- Otra (in Kristiansand, Vest-Agder)
Scotland drainage basin
[edit]- Tyne (near Dunbar)
- Tay (near Dundee)
- Dee (in Aberdeen)
- Don (in Aberdeen)
- Ythan (in Newburgh, Aberdeenshire)
- Spey (near Elgin)
Swedish drainage basin
[edit]- Göta älv (into Kattegat in Gothenburg)
- Lake Vänern
- Klarälven/Trysilelva (into Vänern near Karlstad)
- Lake Vänern
- Viskan (into Kattegat near Varberg)
- Ätran (into Kattegat in Falkenberg)
- Nissan (into Kattegat in Halmstad)
- Lagan (into Kattegat near Laholm)
Switzerland drainage basin
[edit]The Rhine, together with its tributaries the Aare and the Thur drain about two thirds of the water into the North Sea.
See also
[edit]- Drainage basin
- European river zonation
- Geography of Europe
- Geography of Germany
- Geography of the North Sea
- Geography of Switzerland
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- Latin names of European rivers
- List of rivers of England
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e McAlister, Elaine; Nelleke Domburg; Tony Edwards; Bob Ferrier. "Hydrological Modelling of the River Ythan using ArcInfo GRID". Macaulay Land Use Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2008-07-26. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ a b c d Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde: Gehört das Kattegatt noch zur Ostsee (Is the Kattegat a part of the Baltic Sea?) → By physical criteria, the border between North Sea and Baltic sea is in the Øresund at Drodgen Sill and in the Great Belt near Langeland
- ^ Hydrological trends IJsselmeer (in Dutch)
- ^ a b Milliman, John D.; Syvitski, James P. M. "Geomorphic/Tectonic Control of Sediment Discharge to the Ocean: The Importance of Small Mountainous Rivers". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ Appleton, Tamsin (24 November 2008). "Environment Agency – More about Humber RBD" (cached). Subjects > Water Quality > WFD > RBD information > Humber RBD > More about Humber RBD. The Environment Agency. Retrieved 2008-12-04.[dead link]
- ^ Hopkin, John; Duffy, Philip; Blades, Heather (2002). "What causes the River Tay in Scotland to flood?" (Digitized by Google Books online). Geography Matters Scotland. Heinemann. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-435-35543-2. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ http://www.sepa,org.uk/system_pages/search.aspx?q=Forth [dead link]
- ^ "Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS)" (PDF). Ramsar Information Sheet: UK13017 Firth of Forth. JNCC: Version 3.0. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-04.The catchment area of both the River Forth and Firth of Forth Estuary.
- ^ "Where is the River Tweed - Ask.com". Archived from the original on 2014-04-29. Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^ Ojo, Michael; Fuller, Terence W. (12 July 2007). "London Councils' TEC Executive Sub-Committee Water Framework Directive" (doc). Babtie Group. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
- ^ Riddell, Keith J.; Fuller, Terence W. (1995). "The Spey Bay geomorphological study". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 20 (7). Babtie Group: 671–686. Bibcode:1995ESPL...20..671R. doi:10.1002/esp.3290200709.
- ^ a b Miljø og Energiministeriet: Afstrømningsforhold i danske vandløb (2000), p. 16
- ^ A bit lesser than Skjern Å