Cannone da 75/27 modello 12

Cannone da 75/27 modello 12
Cannone da 75/27 modello 12
Type	Horse artillery
Place of origin	German Empire
Service history
In service	1912–1945
Used by	Kingdom of Italy; Nazi Germany
Wars	World War I; World War II
Production history
Designer	Krupp
Produced	1912
Specifications
Mass	Travel: 1,700 kg (3,700 lb); Firing: 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Barrel length	2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) L/30
Height	.99 m (3 ft 3 in)
Crew	8
Shell	Semifixed 75 x 185mm R
Shell weight	6.3 kg (14 lb)
Caliber	75 mm (3 in)
Breech	Horizontal sliding-block
Recoil	Hydro-spring
Carriage	Box trail
Elevation	-12° to +18°
Traverse	7°
Rate of fire	4-6 rpm
Muzzle velocity	502 m/s (1,650 ft/s)
Maximum firing range	6.8 km (4.2 mi)

The Cannone da 75/27 modello 1912 cannon was a piece of horse artillery used by the Royal Italian Army during the First and Second World Wars. It was an improved version of the Cannone da 75/27 modello 06.^[3] The Germans designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm Feldkanone 245(i).^[2]

History

In 1906 the Royal Italian Army ordered the Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 from Krupp to replace its obsolete Cannone da 75A.^[4] Later in 1912, a new version of the mod. 06 modified for use as horse artillery was ordered. These pieces would equipped the Royal Italian Army's Horse Artillery Regiment during World War I and World War II.

In 1939, 51 mod. 12s were still in use by the Royal Italian Army and during the Second World War, they equipped one group in each of the three cavalry artillery regiments. In June 1941 the three groups were consolidated to form the 3rd Cavalry Artillery Regiment of the 3rd Cavalry Division "Principe Amedeo Duca d'Aosta" that participated in the Italian expeditionary force during the invasion of the Soviet Union. In response to the heavy losses experienced by Axis forces on the Eastern Front and North Africa, Italian mobile artillery regiments were reorganized, reequipped and motorized during 1942 with two groups of Cannone da 75/27 modello 11s and one group of Obice da 100/17s.

Design

The mod 1912 was a breech-loaded gun with a Horizontal sliding-block breech, a box trail carriage, gun shield, hydro-spring recoil mechanism, and two wooden-spoked steel-rimmed wheels. The mod 12s carriage was designed to be towed at higher speed than the mod 06.

The barrel and the breech are the same as the mod 06, except the breech incorporates a counterweight to shift the center of gravity of the barrel rearward. The mod 12 uses a one-piece shield instead of a two-piece shield and it lacks the seats on the front of the shield of the mod 06. The mod 12 used the same fixed quickfire ammunition as the mod 06.

For transport, the mod 12 was attached to a limber that carried 28 rounds of ammunition and was towed by a six-horse team. Three gunners rode the three horses to the left, while the piece was preceded by the crew chief and followed by four gunners, all on horseback, for a total of 11 animals per gun.^[5]

Gallery

Italian Army Field Artillery Regiment "a Cavallo" Historic Section Cannone da 75/27 mod. 12
A photo showing the transport of a Cannone da 75/27 mod. 12

Related guns

Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 - Krupp progenitor of the modello 1906 and modello 1912.
Canon de 75 mle TR - Belgian field gun based on the M1903.
Canon de 75 mle GP II - Belgian upgrade of the TR.
Type 38 75 mm field gun - Japanese field gun based on the M1903.
Siderius 7-veld - Dutch field gun based on the M1903.

References

^ "75-77 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
^ ^a ^b Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Light and medium field artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 36. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.
^ https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.php?armor_id=465
^ Italian artillery was classified by the diameter of the projectile in millimeters, followed by the length of the rifled portion of the barrel in calibers, followed by a letter indicating what the barrel was made from, A was steel, B was bronze, and G was cast iron. Lastly the model number was the year of introduction.Le Batterie ottocentesche Archived 15 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^{[dead link]} su Esercito.it

[1] "75-77 MM CALIBRE CARTRIDGES". www.quarryhs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-09-04.

[:0-2] Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Light and medium field artillery. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 36. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.

[3] ttps://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.php?armor_id=465

[4] Italian artillery was classified by the diameter of the projectile in millimeters, followed by the length of the rifled portion of the barrel in calibers, followed by a letter indicating what the barrel was made from, A was steel, B was bronze, and G was cast iron. Lastly the model number was the year of introduction.Le Batterie ottocentesche Archived 15 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine

[5] {[dead link]} su Esercito.it

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v t e Italian artillery of World War I
Anti-aircraft guns	Cannone da 76/45 S 1911 Cannone da 75/27 A.V.
Field, Medium and Heavy guns	Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 Cannone da 75/27 modello 12 Cannone da 75/27 modello 11 8 cm FK M. 5 Obice da 100/17 modello 14 Obice da 105/14 Cannone da 105/28 Cannone da 105/32 Obice da 149/12 Cannone da 149/23 Cannone da 149/35 A Cannone da 152/45
Mortars	Bombarda da 58 A Bombarda da 58 B 15 cm Mörser M1881 Bombarda da 240 mm
Infantry and Mountain guns	Cannon 37F Cannone da 65/17 modello 13 Cannone da 76/17 S modello 12 Cannone da 70/15
Naval and coastal defense guns	Cannon 76/40 Model 1916 Cannone da 76/45 S 1911 Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 Cannon 102/45 Cannon 152/32 Model 1887 Cannone da 190/45 EOC 8 inch 45 caliber EOC 10 inch 40 caliber EOC 10-inch /45 naval gun Obice da 280 305 mm /46 Model 1909 100-ton gun BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I – IV Cannone navale da 381/40
Railroad artillery	Cannone da 381/40 AVS
Superheavy and Siege artillery	Mortaio da 210/8 D.S. Mortaio da 210/9 modello 14 Mortaio da 260/9 Modello 16 Obice da 280 Obice da 305/17

v t e Italian artillery of World War II
Tank guns	Breda Model 35 Cannone da 37/40 Cannone da 47/32 Cannone da 47/40 Cannone da 75/34
Anti-tank guns	Solothurn S-18/1000 Cannone da 47/32 Obice da 75/18 modello 35 Cannone da 75/46 C.A. modello 34 Cannone da 90/53 Cannone da 105/25
Infantry and Mountain guns	Cannone da 37/10 modello 15 Cannone da 47/32 Cannone da 65/17 modello 13 Cannone da 70/15 Obice da 75/18 modello 34
Field, Medium and Heavy guns	Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 Cannone da 75/27 modello 12 Cannone da 75/27 modello 11 Obice da 75/18 modello 35 Cannone da 75/32 modello 37 Cannone da 76/17 S modello 12 Obice da 100/17 modello 14 Obice da 105/14 Cannone da 105/28 Cannone da 105/32 Obice da 149/12 Cannone da 149/28 Cannone da 149/35 A Cannone da 149/40 modello 35 Obice da 149/19 modello 37 Cannone da 152/45 Obice da 210/22
Superheavy and Siege artillery	Mortaio da 210/8 D.S. Mortaio da 260/9 Modello 16 Obice da 280 Obice da 305/17
Railroad artillery	Cannone navale da 381/40
Anti-aircraft guns	Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/77 (Scotti) Breda Model 35 Cannone-Mitragliera da 37/54 (Breda) Cannone da 75/27 A.V. Cannone da 75/46 C.A. modello 34 Cannone da 75/49 Cannone da 90/53