Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile
| Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Santiago |
| Country | Chile |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Lucien Hénault (1857–1863) Fermín Vivaceta (1863–1872) |
The Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile, also known as Palacio de la Universidad de Chile, is the main building for the Universidad de Chile, and is located at 1058 Alameda Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, in Santiago, Chile. The building dates from 1872, and currently houses the rectorate, rooms used for ceremonial events and the Andrés Bello Archives, so-named to honor the lawyer who founded the university. It was declared a National Monument of Chile in 1974.
The adjacent Universidad de Chile metro station was named after the building.
History
[edit]
After its inauguration in 1843, the Universidad de Chile was in need of housing. The then Minister of Justice, Manuel Montt, selected a site to build the Palacio de la Universidad, which was adjacent to the currently non-existent San Diego Church (which gave the name to the San Diego street) on the Alameda de Las Delicias.
The university originally occupied an annex of the Instituto Nacional, which was designed by architect Juan Herbage. Subsequently, it was decided that the university would have its own building whose main entrance faces the Alameda. The design of the building was made by Lucien Hénault.
The building was built between 1863 and 1872 by Fermín Vivaceta, who was one of the first architects born and educated in Chile. It is considered to be the first multi-story building built on the Alameda and it was also the third construction to be funded by government money in the country.[1] An iconic room of the Palacio was the Salón de Honor, which originally contained a large canvas painting by Ernesto Courtois Bonnencontre named La Alegoría de las Ciencias, las Artes y las Letras.[2] It was destroyed during the student protests in the late 1920s.
In 1912, the Facultad de Leyes y Ciencias Políticas (present day Facultad de Derecho) needed more room space. To meet this need, it was proposed to add a third floor to the building, but the project was withdrawn, and it was decided to accommodate the University of Chile Law School in the east wing of the Casa Central in 1927. In 1938, it was relocated to its current location on Pio Nono street.
In 1928, the building housing the library of the university was demolished by order of the then provisional Minister of Education, Pablo Ramírez, and all the books were delivered out. The library (currently named Archivo Central Andrés Bello) was reorganized in 1936 by the then Rector Juvenal Hernández, thanks to donations by various professors, including Amanda Labarca and Pablo Neruda.[3]
Two years after, on September 5, 1938, the Casa Central was seized by members of the National Socialist Movement of Chile and the rector Juvenal Hernández Jaque was held hostage. President Arturo Alessandri gave the order to fire and two rounds of artillery were fired against the main entrance of the building, killing four people. This event formed part of the massacre known as "Matanza del Seguro Obrero".[4]
A clock by the firm Clemens Riefler of Munich was installed on the facade in 1929.[5]
The building was declared a Historic Monument in 1974.[6] On March 31, 1977 was opened the Universidad de Chile station of the Santiago Metro, located under the Casa Central.
On March 27, 2001 a new mural by Mario Toral was installed in the Salón de Honor.
The building underwent structural damage after the 1985 Algarrobo earthquake, which was aggravated by the 2010 Chile earthquake.[7] The Casa Central was initially closed for a year, leaving open only the rector office, while the rest of the employees were relocated to the Torre 15 de San Borja.[8]
The renovations were completed in April 2015 for the cost of approximately $1,700 millions, which included the refurbishment of rooms to house the Senado Universitario, and exhibitions on the first floor.[9]
Description
[edit]
Built in the Neo-classical style,[10] the Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile is an architecturally simple building, which is attested by its scarce decoration and the prevalence of straight lines.
Two stairs from the vestibule lead to the second floor. At the center of the building is the Salón de Honor, a three-level auditorium whose Doric columns support the galleries. The palace features two patios located to the east and to the west of the Salón de Honor, respectively named "Ignacio Domeyko" and "Andrés Bello", each containing a statue of the man for which the corresponding patio is named.
Statue of Andrés Bello
[edit]The Carrara marble statue was created in 1881 by Nicanor Plaza to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Andrés Bello,[11] which was proposed by José Victorino Lastarria.[12]
The statue was originally installed at the National Congress Building's main entrance facing Catedral Street in Santiago. In 1884 was relocated in front of the Palacio del Real Tribunal del Consulado de Santiago and then moved again in 1931 to the median strip of the Alameda, before being relocated to the western patio of the Casa Central in 1974, which was officially named as "Patio Andrés Bello".[13]
In front of the Casa Central, on the south sidewalk of the Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins, there is a replica by Samuel Román of that statue.[11]
Rooms
[edit]- Rectoría
- Consejo Universitario
- Prorrectoría
- Archivo Central "Andrés Bello"
- Archivo y Laboratorio Fotográfico
- Administración Casa Central
- Librería Universitaria
- Salón de Honor
- Sala "Ignacio Domeyko"
- Sala "Enrique Sazié"
- Sala "Eloísa Díaz"
- Sala Museo "Gabriela Mistral" [14]
- Patio "Andrés Bello"
- Patio "Domeyko"
- Colección de Caracolas de Pablo Neruda
References
[edit]- ^ "Curiosidades de la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ Araya, Alejandra (2016). "Ficha de información general Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile". Una casa abierta para Chile. Historia visual de la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile. Santiago: Ediciones Archivo Central Andrés Bello. p. 176. ISBN 9789561909861. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "Donación de Pablo Neruda a la Universidad de Chile - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ Araya, Alejandra (2016). "Parte II: La república peregrina". Una casa abierta para Chile. Historia visual de la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9789561909861. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Notas universitarias". Revista Anales de la Universidad de Chile. 1929. p. 5. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "Casa Central, el estandarte de la Universidad de todos los chilenos y chilenas - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ "Daños en Casa Central - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ Universidad de Chile (8 March 2010). "Daños de Casa Central en la prensa". Archived from the original on 2010-03-12. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
- ^ Said, Carlos (24 April 2015). "Universidad de Chile retorna a su casa central". El Mercurio. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Casa Central - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ^ a b Francisco Vargas Avilés (19 November 2012). "Bello y su estatua". Temas & noticias. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ Araya, Alejandra (2016). "Parte II: La República Peregrina". Una casa abierta para Chile. Historia visual de la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile. Ediciones Archivo Central Andrés Bello. p. 75. ISBN 9789561909861. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ Araya, Alejandra (2016). "Introducción". Una casa abierta para Chile. Historia visual de la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Archivo Central Andrés Bello. p. 12. ISBN 9789561909861. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
- ^ "A 70 años del Premio Nobel: U. de Chile inauguró Sala Museo en homenaje a Gabriela Mistral - Universidad de Chile". uchile.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 April 2017.