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ispace (Japanese company)

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(Redirected from Hakuto-R)
Not to be confused with i-Space (Chinese company).

ispace Inc.
Company typeLunar robotic spacecraft
TYO: 9348
IndustryCommercial lunar lander and rover
PredecessorWhite Label Space[1]
FoundedSeptember 10, 2010; 13 years ago (2010-09-10) in Tokyo, Japan
FounderTakeshi Hakamada
Headquarters
Tokyo
,
Japan
ProductsRobotic lunar landers and rovers
Number of employees
200[2] (August 2022)
Websiteispace-inc.com

ispace Inc. is a public Japanese company developing robotic spacecraft and other technology to compete for both transportation and exploration mission contracts from space agencies and other private industries. ispace's mission is to enable its clients to discover, map, and use natural lunar resources.[3]

From 2013 to 2018, ispace was the owner and operator of the Hakuto team that competed in Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP).[4] The team developed a lunar rover named Sorato.

ispace is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with offices in the United States and Luxembourg.[5] The company's founder and CEO is Takeshi Hakamada.

History

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Main article: Hakuto
Image of the Moon taken by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper. Blue shows the spectral signature of hydroxide (component of water), green shows the brightness of the surface as measured by reflected infrared radiation from the Sun and red shows a mineral called pyroxene.

Although ispace later became independent, it began as a partner of a European organization called White Label Space.[1] White Label Space (WLS) was an international team of space engineers that was founded in 2008 to compete in the Google Lunar X Prize, for a grand prize of US$20 million to send a spacecraft to the Moon's surface, and have it travel 500 meters. WLS was headquartered in the Netherlands and led by Steve Allen.[6] The European side aimed to develop the team's lunar lander while the Japanese group consisting of Tohoku University Space Robotics Lab and led by Kazuya Yoshida was to develop a rover.[7]

In 2010, White Label Space Japan LLC, the predecessor of ispace was founded by Takeshi Hakamada to manage the commercial and technical aspect of the Japanese group.[4] On 30 January 2013, when the European teammates ceased substantial involvement in the prize, the Japan-based members decided to continue the work, and WLS transferred the GLXP participation right to White Label Space Japan LLC. Steve Allen, WLS's leader was succeeded by Takeshi Hakamada.

In May 2013, the team's parent company, White Label Space Japan changed its name to ispace, while the GLXP team was renamed "Hakuto" on 15 July of the same year.[1] Team Hakuto did not succeed in undertaking a lunar mission during the GLXP, but following the cessation of the competition, ispace continued its lunar exploration plans and, in 2018, the company succeeded in raising over US$90 million in private funding to develop its own lunar lander in addition to continuing its work on lunar rovers.[8]

By September 2018, ispace planned to test their systems by orbiting around the Moon but not land on it. The company signed up for two launches on SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets, to take place in 2020 and 2021.[9][10] ispace is also developing a mission concept called Polar Ice Explorer that would prospect for lunar resources on a region near the lunar south pole.[11]

On 10 October 2018, an industry team formed by Draper Laboratory, along with ispace, General Atomics, and Spaceflight Industries submitted a proposal for a commercial lunar lander to NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services Program. According to Draper, ispace will serve as the team's design agent.[12]

On 21 July 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract to Draper Laboratories and the team.[13]

Hakuto-R program

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The long-term strategy of ispace is to build landers and rovers to compete for both transportation and exploration mission contracts from space agencies and private industry. NASA aims at contracting private industries to scout and mine lunar water and other lunar resources to support a future Moon-based infrastructure.[14] The funding for the first two missions was originally secured from a consortium of Japanese funds and companies.[15][16]

In 2018, ispace signed a working agreement with Draper to serve as the team's design agent,[12] which brought about significant changes. In August 2019, ispace announced a restructuring of its lunar program, now called Hakuto-R, in light of rapid increases in customer demand for payload delivery services in the lunar exploration industry, especially from the recent Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) contract awarded to Draper and its partners, including ispace. A significant change was the elimination of the technology demonstration orbiter mission in 2020 in favor of moving more quickly toward a demonstration of landing capabilities.

Hakuto-R Mission 1

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Main article: Hakuto-R Mission 1

Hakuto-R Mission 1 is a lunar lander carrying the Emirates Lunar Mission rover Rashid in a partnership with the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), along with Tomy and JAXA's Sora-Q transformable lunar robot.[17] Hakuto-R Mission 1 houses another payload, that is, a music disc featuring the song ‘SORATO’ by the Japanese rock band Sakanaction. The song was initially released in 2018 as a part of the Team Hakuto campaign for the Google Lunar XPRIZE.[18]

Hakuto-R Mission 1 was launched on 11 December 2022 at 07:38 UTC on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket, along with Emirates Lunar Mission and NASA's Lunar Flashlight spacecraft.[19] The mission entered lunar orbit on 21 March 2023 with a lunar landing attempt scheduled for 25 April 2023.[20] Communication with Hakuto-R was lost during the final moments of descent to the lunar surface on 25 April. Analysis determined that a loss of propellant in the final stage of landing led to a rapid descent and hard landing on the lunar surface.[21]

Hakuto-R Mission 2

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Main article: Hakuto-R Mission 2

Hakuto-R Mission 2, carrying the RESILIENCE lunar lander and micro rover, is scheduled for launch in late 2024.[22] In partnership with UNESCO, ispace will deliver a "memory disk" containing 275 languages and other cultural artifacts, aiming to preserve a piece of humanity alive in case of a future threat to humankind's existence on Earth.[23][24] In June 2024, the company reported that the mission was on track for launch in winter 2024, with completion of vacuum testing of the lander.[25]

Mission 3 and beyond

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ispace Mission 3, delivering the APEX 1.0 lunar lander to Schrödinger Basin on the far side of the Moon, is expected to launch in 2026.[26] Missions 3 through 9 aim to establish ispace's lunar lander as a high-frequency cost-effective transportation system, while Mission 10 and beyond will begin the construction of an "industrial platform" to enable the development of lunar water resources.[27]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c The Japanese Space Bots That Could Build Moon Valley Sarah Scoles, Wired 14 May 2018
  2. ^ "ispace Announces HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Launch Window for November 9 – 15, 2022". ispace. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  3. ^ "ispace – Expand our planet. Expand our future". Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  4. ^ a b "WLS Japan Office - Open For Business" (Press release). White Label Space. 9 September 2010. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
  5. ^ Luxembourg and ispace, a Tokyo-Based Lunar Robotic ExplorationCompany, Sign MoU to Co-Operate within the Spaceresources.lu Initiative Business Wire Released by the Luxembourg Ministry of the Economy 2 March 2017
  6. ^ Dutch Firm AOES Group BV Partners with White Label Space Team in $30 Million Google Lunar X PRIZE, 31 August 2009
  7. ^ Andrew Barton. "Partners". Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  8. ^ "New fund to boost Japanese space startups". SpaceNews. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  9. ^ "Japan lunar exploration firm to head for moon on SpaceX rockets" (in Turkish). TRT World. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  10. ^ "Japanese company ispace says it will launch two missions to the Moon in 2020 and 2021". The Verge. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  11. ^ "ispace's Polar Ice Explorer: a commercial ISRU exploration mission to the South Pole of the Moon" Kyle Aciernoalso Abstract presented at the Lunar ISRU 2019 meeting: Developing a New Space Economy Through Lunar Resources and Their Utilization: July 15–17, 2019, Columbia, Maryland
  12. ^ a b Foust, Jeff (10 October 2018). "Draper bids on NASA commercial lunar lander competition". SpaceNews. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  13. ^ "Draper wins NASA contract for farside lunar lander mission". 22 July 2022.
  14. ^ They want moon landings to be a commercial reality — and that's just the start Time Romero, Tech in Asia August 2018
  15. ^ New fund to boost Japanese space startups Jeff Foust SpaceNews 21 March 2018
  16. ^ ispace Tech in Asia August 2018
  17. ^ Rabie, Passant (12 December 2022). "SpaceX Launches Moon-Bound Private Japanese Lander Following Delays". Gizmodo. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  18. ^ "Ispace Announces Mission 1 Launch Date".
  19. ^ Rosenstein, Sawyer (11 December 2022). "SpaceX launches Falcon 9 carrying private Japanese moon lander". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  20. ^ "ispace Completes Success 8 of the Mission 1 Milestones". ispace. 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  21. ^ "Japanese company loses contact with spacecraft after attempting to land on the moon". CBC.ca. 25 April 2023.
  22. ^ "ispace Announces Mission 2 with Unveiling of Micro Rover Design". ispace. 16 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  23. ^ Garofalo, Meredith (8 May 2024). "Private lunar lander to carry 'memory disk' of 275 human languages to the moon in 2024". Space.com. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  24. ^ Garg, Moohita (9 May 2024). "What if humanity ends on Earth? Scientists plan to preserve 275 languages on the Moon". WION. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  25. ^ "The HAKUTO-R Mission 2 RESILIENCE lander is one step closer to the Moon!".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "ispace - U.S. Announces new U.S. Headquarters, Unveils APEX 1.0 Lunar Lander, Provides Updates on Mission 3". ispace. 29 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  27. ^ "PROJECT". ispace. 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
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