Governments of Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy first became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic (Prime Minister of Hungary) on 4 July 1953 upon the resignation of Mátyás Rákosi, forming a government more moderate than that of his predecessor which attempted to reform the system.[1] However, Rákosi remained First Secretary of the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party, and he was ultimately able to use his influence force Nagy out of office in April 1955.
After the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution on 23 October 1956, Nagy was reinstated as prime minister the next day as a result of intense popular demand. As the Revolution progressed his government made moves towards a multi-party system, admitting non-Communist politicians to power and reforming the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party.[2] On 3 November Nagy formed a third government with a Communist minority including all the members of the post-war coalition parties: the Independent Smallholders' Party, the Social Democratic Party, and Petőfi Party.[3]
However, the very next day the Soviet Union launched a massive military invasion of Hungary, deposing Nagy and installing a new Communist government under János Kádár. Nagy and his cabinet were granted asylum in the Yugoslav Embassy in Budapest, where they refused to resign and recognize the new regime. Kádár would not arrive in Budapest until 7 November and his government would not be confirmed until 12 November, and a standoff ensued.[4] Nagy and his group were finally convinced to leave the Embassy on 22 November under a promise of safe conduct from Kádár, but they were promptly arrested upon leaving the building. Nagy would be executed after a show trial on the order of Kádár in June 1958, and would not be rehabilitated until the end of Communism in Hungary in 1989.
First government (1953–1955)
[edit]First Cabinet of Imre Nagy | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Hungary | |
1953–1955 | |
Date formed | 4 July 1953 |
Date dissolved | 18 April 1955 |
People and organisations | |
Chairman of the Presidential Council | István Dobi |
First Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party | Mátyás Rákosi |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Imre Nagy |
Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers | Ernő GerőAndrás HegedüsAntal Apró (–1953)István Hidas (1954–) |
No. of ministers | 29 |
Total no. of members | 37 |
Member party | Hungarian Working People's Party (as part of Patriotic People's Front) |
Status in legislature | Total control 298 / 298 (100%) |
Opposition party | None (one-party state) |
History | |
Election | 1953 |
Predecessor | Rákosi |
Successor | Hegedüs |
Government of Hungary (4 July 1953 – 18 April 1955) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position | Person | Party | Took office | Left office | |
Prime Minister | Imre Nagy | MDP | 4 July 1953 | 18 April 1955 | |
Deputy Prime Minister | Ernő Gerő | MDP | ← | → | |
András Hegedüs | MDP | 4 July 1953 | 18 April 1955 | ||
Antal Apró | MDP | 4 July 1953 | 18 November 1953 | ||
István Hidas | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → | ||
Foreign Minister | János Boldóczki | MDP | 4 July 1953 | → | |
Interior Minister | Ernő Gerő | MDP | 4 July 1953 | 6 July 1954 | |
László Piros | MDP | 6 July 1954 | → | ||
Defense Minister | István Bata | MDP | 4 July 1953 | → | |
Justice Minister | Ferenc Erdei | None | 4 July 1953 | 30 October 1954 | |
Erik Molnár | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → | ||
Minister of State Farms | György Pogácsás | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → | |
Minister of Collection | József Tisza | MDP | ← | 6 July 1954 | |
András Szobek | MDP | 6 July 1954 | → | ||
Minister of Trade | József Bognár | None | 4 July 1953 | → | |
Minister of Health | Sándor Zsoldos | MDP | ← | 1 February 1955 | |
József Román | MDP | 19 February 1955 | → | ||
Agriculture Minister | András Hegedüs | MDP | 4 July 1953 | 30 October 1954 | |
Ferenc Erdei | None | 30 October 1954 | → | ||
Finance Minister | Károly Olt | MDP | ← | → | |
Culture Minister | József Darvas | None | 4 July 1953 | → | |
Education Minister | Tibor Erdey-Grúz | MDP | 4 July 1953 | → | |
Minister of Construction | Lajos Szijártó | MDP | ← | → | |
Minister of Food | Iván Altomáré | MDP | ← | → | |
Minister of Metallurgy and Machinery | Mihály Zsofinyecz | MDP | ← | 9 October 1954 | |
János Csergő | MDP | 9 October 1954 | → | ||
Minister of Light Industry | Árpád Kiss | MDP | ← | 30 October 1954 | |
Béla Szalai | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → | ||
Minister of Transport | Lajos Bebrits | MDP | ← | → | |
Minister of Foreign Trade | László Háy | MDP | 6 July 1954 | → | |
Minister of Heavy Industry | István Hidas | MDP | 9 October 1954 | → | |
Minister of Coal Mining | Sándor Czottner | MDP | 9 October 1954 | → | |
Minister of Urban and Village Management | János Szabó | MDP | 29 January 1954 | → | |
Chemical and Energy Minister | István Hidas | MDP | 9 October 1954 | 30 October 1954 | |
Árpád Kiss | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → | ||
Director of the National Planning Office | Béla Szalai | MDP | ← | 30 October 1954 | |
Andor Berei | MDP | 30 October 1954 | → |
Second government (24 October–3 November 1956)
[edit]Second Cabinet of Imre Nagy | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Hungary | |
1956 | |
Date formed | 24 October 1956 |
Date dissolved | 3 November 1956 |
People and organisations | |
Chairman of the Presidential Council | István Dobi |
First Secretary of the MDP/MSZMP | Ernő Gerő (–25 Oct.)János Kádár (25 Oct.–) |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Imre Nagy |
Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers |
|
Minister of State | Zoltán TildyGéza LosonczyJános Kádár |
No. of ministers | 33 |
Total no. of members | 45 |
Member party | Hungarian Working People's Partyfrom 31 October: Hungarian Socialist Workers' Partyfrom 27 October: Independent Smallholders' Party |
Opposition party | (extraparliamentary)from 31 October: Social Democratic Party Petőfi Partynumerous reconstituted parties |
History | |
Incoming formation | Outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution |
Outgoing formation | Government reshuffle |
Predecessor | Hegedüs |
Successor | I. Nagy III |
Government of Hungary (24 October – 3 November 1956) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Position | Person | Party | Took office | Left office | |
Prime Minister | Imre Nagy | MDP/MSZMP | 24 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | |
Deputy Prime Minister | András Hegedüs | MDP | 24 October 1956 | 27 October 1956 | |
Antal Apró | MDP | ← | 3 November 1956 | ||
István Hidas | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | ||
Ferenc Erdei | None | ← | 3 November 1956 | ||
György Marosán | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | ||
József Mekis | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | ||
József Bognár | None | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Minister of State | Zoltán Tildy | FKGP | 27 October 1956 | → | |
Géza Losonczy | MDP/MSZMP | 30 October 1956 | → | ||
János Kádár | MSZMP | 30 October 1956 | → | ||
Foreign Minister | Imre Horváth | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 2 November 1956 | |
Imre Nagy | MSZMP | 2 November 1956 | → | ||
Interior Minister | László Piros | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Ferenc Münnich | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Defense Minister | István Bata | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Károly Janza | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Justice Minister | Erik Molnár | MDP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of State Farms | György Pogácsás | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Miklós Ribiánszky | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Minister of Collection | András Szobek | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Trade | József Bognár | None | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Agriculture Minister | János Matolcsi | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Béla Kovács | FKGP | 27 October 1956 | → | ||
Finance Minister | István Kossa | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Internal Trade | János Tausz | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Health | József Román | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Antal Babics | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Culture Minister | József Darvas | None | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
György Lukács | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Education Minister | Albert Kónya | MDP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Construction | Lajos Szijártó | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Minister of Food | Rezső Nyers | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Metallurgy and Machinery | János Csergő | MDP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Light Industry | Jolán Sarka | MDP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Transport | Lajos Bebrits | MDP | ← | 29 October 1956 | |
György Csánadi | MDP/MSZMP | 29 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Minister of Foreign Trade | József Bognár | None | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Minister of Mines and Energy | Sándor Czottner | MDP | ← | 31 October 1956 | |
Minister of Urban and Village Management | János Szabó | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Ferenc Nezvál | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 | ||
Chemical and Energy Minister | Gergely Szabó | MDP/MSZMP | ← | 3 November 1956 | |
Director of the National Planning Office | Andor Berei | MDP | ← | 27 October 1956 | |
Árpád Kiss | MDP/MSZMP | 27 October 1956 | 3 November 1956 |
Third government (3–4/12 November 1956)
[edit]Third Cabinet of Imre Nagy | |
---|---|
Cabinet of Hungary | |
1956 | |
Date formed | 3 November 1956 |
Date dissolved | 4 November 1956(de facto)12 November 1956 (de jure)at refuge until 22 November 1956 |
People and organisations | |
Chairman of the Presidential Council | István Dobi |
Chairman of the Council of Ministers | Imre Nagy |
No. of ministers | 12 |
Member party | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Independent Smallholders' Party Social Democratic Party Petőfi Party |
Opposition party | Numerous reconstituted parties |
History | |
Incoming formation | Government reshuffle |
Outgoing formation | Soviet invasion |
Predecessor | I. Nagy II |
Successor | Kádár I |
Government of Hungary (3 November 1956 – 4/12 November 1956) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Position | Person | Party | |
Prime Minister | Imre Nagy | MSZMP | |
Foreign Minister | |||
Defense Minister | Pál Maléter | MSZMP | |
Minister of State | Zoltán Tildy | FKGP | |
Béla Kovács | FKGP | ||
István B. Szabó | FKGP | ||
Anna Kéthly | MSZDP | ||
Gyula Kelemen | MSZDP | ||
József Fischer | MSZDP | ||
István Bibó | PP | ||
Ferenc Farkas | PP | ||
Géza Losonczy | MSZMP | ||
János Kádár | MSZMP |
References
[edit]- ^ “Crisis and a Search for Solutions.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 1. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [1].
- ^ “Revolution and Struggle for Liberation.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 2. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [2].
- ^ “The Days of Freedom.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 3. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [3].
- ^ “Occupation and Resistance.” Hungary 1953-1963, Lesson 4. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution, [4].