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Cerro Escorial

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Cerro Escorial
Road to Mina Julia on Cerro Escorial (1970).
Highest point
Elevation5,451 m (17,884 ft)[1]
Coordinates25°04′59″S 68°22′01″W / 25.083°S 68.367°W / -25.083; -68.367[1]
Geography
LocationArgentina and Chile
Parent rangeAndes
Geology
Mountain typeStratovolcano

Cerro Escorial is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. It is part of the Corrida de Cori volcanic group and its youngest member. A well-preserved 1-kilometre-wide (0.6 mi) crater forms its summit area. Lava flows are found on the Chilean and smaller ones on the Argentinian side, the former reaching as far as 3–4 kilometres (1.9–2.5 mi) from the volcano. One of these is dated 342,000 years ago by argon-argon dating.[1]

Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South America Plate. This process has given rise to the Andes mountain chain and the Altiplano-Puna high plateau, which formed through shortening of the crust that lasted until 1 million years ago. Cerro Escorial rises from the Puna, which is dissected at Cerro Escorial by the Archibarca lineament; it is a strike-slip fault that has facilitated the ascent of magma.[2]

Andesite lavas were erupted during the Miocene and Pliocene.[2] Hydrothermal alteration has affected an area 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the crater.[3] A Plinian eruption on Escorial was the source of the dacitic Escorial ignimbrite,[4][5] which is also known as the Corrida de Cori ignimbrite or Caletones Cori ignimbrite.[2] Pulsed changes in the magma supply during the eruption generated a radial ignimbrite structure which was deposited in various flows. The source magma underwent significant crustal contamination and contains quartz veins, indicating that the ignimbrite interacted with a buried hydrothermal system.[5] Lithic clasts including basement material are also present. The ignimbrite has a volume of about 0.6 cubic kilometres (0.14 cu mi) and was erupted 460,000±10,000 years ago.[4] The eruption of the ignimbrite was followed by more lava eruptions and the formation of a Holocene cinder cone. Present-day activity is of hydrothermal nature[2] and the absence of infrastructure and human population in the region mean that renewed activity is unlikely to have an impact.[3] It is considered to be Argentina's 28th most dangerous volcano.[6]

A sulfur mine lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of Escorial.[1] Mining ceased about 1983.[4]

See also

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Sources

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Escorial". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Fiedrich, Alina M.; Heinrich, Christoph A.; Bachmann, Olivier (November 2020). "Evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal activity beneath the Cerro Escorial volcano (NW Argentina) as sampled by erupted quartz and brines". Lithos. 374–375: 105706. Bibcode:2020Litho.37405706F. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105706. hdl:20.500.11850/432234. ISSN 0024-4937.
  3. ^ a b Amigo, Álvaro R.; Bertin, Daniel U.; Orozco, Gabriel L. (2012). Peligros volcánicos de la Zona Norte de Chile (PDF) (Report). Carta geológica de Chile: Serie Geología Ambiental (in Spanish). Vol. 17. SERVICIO NACIONAL DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA. p. 21. ISSN 0717-7305. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Richards, Jeremy P. (September 2003). "HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY BENEATH THE CERRO ESCORIAL VOLCANO, NW ARGENTINA, AS SAMPLED BY AN EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTION". Abstracts with Programs. 35 (6). Geological Society of America: 551. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  5. ^ a b Richards, Jeremy P; Villeneuve, Michael (August 2002). "Characteristics of late Cenozoic volcanism along the Archibarca lineament from Cerro Llullaillaco to Corrida de Cori, northwest Argentina". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 116 (3–4): 161–200. Bibcode:2002JVGR..116..161R. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00329-8.
  6. ^ Garcia, Sebastian; Badi, Gabriela (1 November 2021). "Towards the development of the first permanent volcano observatory in Argentina". Volcanica. 4 (S1): 26. doi:10.30909/vol.04.S1.2148. ISSN 2610-3540.


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