Japanese Argentines

Japanese Argentines
Nipo-argentino; 日系アルゼンチン人
Total population
	111,000; 11,711 Japanese nationals 111,000 Argentines of Japanese descent
Regions with significant populations
	Greater Buenos Aires, La Plata Partido, Escobar Partido, Misiones Province
Languages
	Rioplatense Spanish · Japanese (minority)
Religion
	Buddhism · Roman Catholicism · Shinto
Related ethnic groups
	Japanese diaspora · Asian Argentines

Japanese Argentines (Spanish: nipo-argentinos; Japanese: 日系アルゼンチン人, Nikkei Aruzenchin-jin), are Argentine citizens of Japanese ancestry, comprising Japanese immigrants and their descendants born in Argentina. Japanese migration to Argentina began in 1908 with the arrival of immigrants from Okinawa and Kagoshima.^[1] The first Japanese entered the country via Brazil and succeeding groups of immigrants tended to reach Argentina through the neighboring nations. In the pre-war years, Japanese Argentines were concentrated in urban small businesses, especially dry cleaning and cafes in Buenos Aires (see es: Café El Japonés), while some worked as domestic servants, factory workers and longshoremen. A minority of Japanese Argentines also engaged in horticulture, floriculture and fishery. There is an important Japanese community in the city of Belén de Escobar where they settled and specialised in floriculture.

Between the 1960s and 1970s, more Japanese immigrants arrived in the country.^{[citation needed]} Many were attracted by the economic opportunities in agriculture. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs there are 111,000 nikkei and 11,711 Japanese nationals in Argentina for a total of 111,711 people.

History

There were about 6,000 ethnic Japanese in Argentina in the late 1930s. The Argentine government was friendly with Japan up until the twilight of World War II, when pressure from the United States and the losses by the Axis Powers resulted in loss of diplomatic relations and the Argentine government declaring war against Japan and therefore causing Japanese institutions in the country to close. In the post-World War II period, most ethnic Japanese decided to stay in Argentina.^[2] Additional immigration occurred around the 1950s.^[3]

Culture

Buenos Aires Japanese Gardens. The gardens were inaugurated on occasion of a State visit to Argentina by then-Crown Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko of Japan.

In regions with a substantial Japanese population in Buenos Aires, institutions such as Japanese associations and Japanese language schools were established by early Japanese immigrants.^{[citation needed]}

During the United States-Japanese conflict of World War II, Argentina remained neutral until 1943, which limited the impact of war on the lives of Japanese Argentines. However, restrictions included the ban on meetings, Japanese education, newspaper publication, as well as a freeze on Japanese assets—which remained effective between 1944 and 1946.^{[citation needed]}

Education

There is a bilingual Spanish-Japanese private school, Instituto Privado Argentino-Japonés or Nichia Gakuin. The origins date from 1922.^[4]

The Asociación Cultural y Educativa Japonesa/Colegio Japonés (ブエノスアイレス日本人学校, Buenosu Airesu Nihonjin Gakkō), an overseas school for Japanese national children, is located in Buenos Aires and has elementary and junior high school education.^[5] It was established in 1961.^[5]

Media

Prior to World War II, there were four Japanese newspapers in Argentina; the United States government influenced the Argentine government to close these publications in 1944.^[2]

Notable individuals

Mario Alberto Ishii, politician and mayor of José C. Paz
María Kodama, writer with a Japanese father
Jessica Michibata, model active in Japan
Sonoya Mizuno, actress
María Eugenia Suárez, actress
Alicia Terada, politician and congresswoman
Laura Russo, politician and congresswoman

References

^ "Migration Historical Overview - Argentina Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine", Discover Nikkei, 12 September 2007.
^ ^a ^b Masterson, Daniel M. and Sayaka Funada-Classen. The Japanese in Latin America. University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252071441, 9780252071447. p. 146.
^ Masterson, Daniel M. and Sayaka Funada-Classen. The Japanese in Latin America. University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252071441, 9780252071447. p. 146-147.
^ Nogués, Germinal. Buenos Aires, ciudad secreta (Obras Diversas). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina, May 1, 2015. ISBN 950075231X, 9789500752312. Google Books PT263: "Misceláneas. En Yatay 261 se halla el único colegio japonés de Buenos Aires, cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1922 y opera como escuela bilingüe."
^ ^a ^b "海外子女教育のご案内." Embassy of Japan in Argentina (在アルゼンチン日本国大使館　/ Embajada del Japón en Argentina). Retrieved on January 21, 2017. "設立：1961年所在地：LA PAMPA 3520, (1430) BUENOS AIRES "

[1] "Migration Historical Overview - Argentina Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine", Discover Nikkei, 12 September 2007.

[Mastersonp146-2] Masterson, Daniel M. and Sayaka Funada-Classen. The Japanese in Latin America. University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252071441, 9780252071447. p. 146.

[Mastersonp146147-3] Masterson, Daniel M. and Sayaka Funada-Classen. The Japanese in Latin America. University of Illinois Press, 2004. ISBN 0252071441, 9780252071447. p. 146-147.

[4] Nogués, Germinal. Buenos Aires, ciudad secreta (Obras Diversas). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina, May 1, 2015. ISBN 950075231X, 9789500752312. Google Books PT263: "Misceláneas. En Yatay 261 se halla el único colegio japonés de Buenos Aires, cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1922 y opera como escuela bilingüe."

[JPEmbassySchool-5] "海外子女教育のご案内." Embassy of Japan in Argentina (在アルゼンチン日本国大使館　/ Embajada del Japón en Argentina). Retrieved on January 21, 2017. "設立：1961年所在地：LA PAMPA 3520, (1430) BUENOS AIRES "

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