Government of Afghanistan
| Theocratic emirate | |
 | |
| Formation | 15 August 2021 (current form) 4 April 2009 (First Islamic Emirate) 19 August 1919 (independence) |
|---|---|
| Guiding document | 1998 dastur |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Website | alemarahenglish |
| Leadership | |
| Head of state | Supreme Leader |
| Deputy head of state | Deputy Leader |
| Meeting place | Kandahar |
| Executive | |
| Head of government | Prime Minister |
| Main body | Council of Ministers |
| Deputy head of government | Deputy Prime Minister(s) |
| Appointed by | Supreme Leader |
| Headquarters | Arg, Kabul |
| Departments | Ministries |
| Judiciary | |
| Court | Supreme Court |
| Chief Justice | Chief Justice of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan |
| Seat | Supreme Court Building, Kabul |
|
|---|
 Afghanistan portal |
The government of Afghanistan, officially called the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is the central government of Afghanistan, a unitary state. Under the leadership of the Taliban, the government is a theocracy and an emirate with political power concentrated in the hands of a supreme leader and his clerical advisors, collectively referred to as the Leadership. The Leadership makes all major policy decisions behind closed doors, which are then implemented by the country's civil service and judiciary. As Afghanistan is an Islamic state, governance is based on Sharia law and Pashtunwali, which the Taliban enforces strictly through extensive social and cultural policy.
Over its history, Afghanistan has variously been governed as a monarchy, a republic, and a theocracy. The current theocratic government came to power in 2021 with the Taliban's victory in a twenty-year insurgency against the western-backed Islamic Republic, after having itself been ousted in 2001.
The current government is internationally unrecognized and lacks a clear constitutional basis, though the Taliban announced plans in January 2022 to form a constitutional commission. Instead, the government applies an interpretation of Sharia law. There is no separation of powers, with total authority vested in the Leadership.[1][2] The government is criticized by international observers for totalitarianism,[3] systemic human rights violations, as well as for being unaccountable, opaque, and exclusive of women, religious and ethnic minorities, and those with dissenting views. Since coming to power, it has grappled with an economic crisis, international isolation, terrorism and rebellion, and a string of natural disasters.
Leadership of the Islamic Emirate
[edit]Supreme Leader
[edit]The supreme leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the head-of-state, commander-in-chief, and religious leader of Afghanistan.[4] These responsibilities include appointing and dismissing the cabinet, judiciary, armed forces general staff,[5] and provincial and municipal governments, issuing decrees, special instructions, and orders regulating the operations of those mentioned above.[6][7][8][9][10][11] The supreme leader also approves or vetos laws drafted by cabinet ministries, after they are vetted by the Ministry of Justice and a review committee for compliance with Islamic law.[12] Supreme leaders have all served life terms, with their deputies appointed by the Leadership Council to succeed them.
The supreme leader is advised by an advisory council of four to six individuals on appointments, national security, and domestic and religious policy, which form an advisory committee. These individuals have the final say on all policy decisions.[13]
Deputy Leader(s)
[edit]The deputy leader(s) of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the deputy head-of-state and is appointed by the supreme leader for an indefinite term. The deputy leader serves as acting top leader when the former is incapacitated or otherwise unavailable to execute their duties.[14] However, there can be more than two deputy leaders,[15][16] as was the case with Akhtar Mansoor promoting Haibatullah Akhundzada and Sirajuddin Haqqani to the positions. By norm, the first deputy leader succeeds the supreme leader upon death.
Ulema Council of Kandahar
[edit]The Ulema Council of Kandahar, or Kandahar Provincial Council, is the de facto ruling and executive oversight body of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Despite being officially responsible for advising and overseeing the Kandahar provincial government, it also approves and disapproves all decisions made by the Kabul-based Council of Ministers.[17][13][18]
All its members are ulema native to or residents of Kandahar province. The supreme leader appoints all 24 members, with the council itself is presided over by a chairman and deputy chairman and being assisted by a financial and administrative director.[17][13]
Council of Ulema (national)
[edit]The Council of Ulema[19] or Ulema Shura[20] is the highest religious authority in Afghanistan. It is responsible for ensuring all policies by the executive conform to Sharia and can overrule decisions made by the Council of Ministers.[21] Other responsibilities include the appointment, removal or replacement, and giving of allegiance, to the Supreme Leader.[22][23]
Central Dar ul-Ifta
[edit]The General Directorate of the Central Dar ul-Ifta[24][25] is responsible for issuing fatwas on various issues.[26] It functions as a religious judicial body,[27] allowed to make quasi-binding decisions on multiple topics its scholars deem to be in line with Islamic Law.[18] Its director is appointed and dismissed by the supreme leader.
Executive
[edit]Prime Minister
[edit]The prime minister of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the appointed head of government. They are responsible for overseeing the civil service operations and presiding over the Council of Ministers.[28][29][30] The prime minister's office is one of six institutions within the cabinet that are directly under the purview of the supreme leader.
The prime minister, along with the cabinet, is appointed and dismissed by the supreme leader for an undefined term.
Deputy Prime Ministers
[edit]The deputy prime ministers of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan are the appointed deputy heads of government, responsible for presiding overseeing the work of designated ministries and agencies who’ve been subordinated to the former[31] and presiding over the Council of Ministers in the prime minister's absence or incapacity.[32] Deputy prime ministers are also assigned specialized portfolios since 2021, overseeing technical commissions addressing critical issues.[33][34][35]
Like the prime minister and cabinet, the deputy prime ministers are appointed and dismissed by the supreme leader for an undefined term.
Council of Ministers
[edit]The council of ministers of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the cabinet. It comprises 26 ministries[36] whose agency executives administer the civil service and are overseen by the Prime Minister.[29] The ministries are also responsible for preparing legislation in their respective areas of policy for vetting by the Ministry of Justice and approval or veto by the supreme leader. Despite being led by the prime minister, it's effectively answerable and subordinate to the Supreme Leader.[18][13]
Commissions
[edit]Several commissions have been formed to handle issues and subjects seen as critical by the Islamic Emirate. Several cabinet ministers or ministry directors are appointed to chair these commissions.[37] There are currently several commissions that have been formed since August 15, 2021.
- Economic Commission[38][39]
- Administrative Commission[40][41]
- Repatriation and Contact of Afghan Personalities Commission[42][43]
- Security and Settlement Affairs Commission[44]
- Declaration and Liquidation Commission[45]
- Media Violations Commission[46]
- Aid Submission Commission
- Political Commission[47]
- National Procurement Commission[48][49]
- High Commission for the Prevention and Restitution of State Land Grabbing[50]
- High Commission for the Facilitation of Returning Refugees[51]
Judiciary
[edit]The judiciary of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan consists of the Supreme Court, Appellate Courts, Civil Courts, Primary Courts, Military Court, zonal Military Courts, and provincial Military Courts. All justices and court officials are appointed and dismissed by the Supreme Leader.[52]
However the Military Courts have exclusive authority hear complaints, petitions, and complaints against staff from the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Interior Affairs, and General Directorate of Intelligence.[53]
Supreme Court
[edit]The supreme court of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the court of final resort and oversees the civilian and military judiciary.[54] Currently, the court comprises a chief justice and two deputy justices. In the first round of judicial appointments after the Fall of Kabul, the supreme court appointed all judges.[55] Since then however, justices have been appointed by the Supreme Leader.
Appellate Court(s)
[edit]The appellate courts are the courts of second appeal operating at the provincial level. Each court is presided over by an appointed Chief Justice and assisted by a court clerk in administration alongside a mufti.[56] Cases are heard from Primary Courts.
Primary Court(s)
[edit]Primary courts are the courts of the first instance, operating at the district level. Like the Appellate Courts, Primary Courts are presided over by an appointed chief justice presides over the court and are assisted by a clerk in administration alongside a mufti.[56]
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan also maintains a parallel military judicial system meant for hearing complaints, lawsuits, and petitions against personnel within the security forces. It consists of the Military Court, zonal Military Courts, and provincial Military Courts.
Military Court
[edit]The military court of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the court of final resort for the hearing of complaints, lawsuits, and petitions against personnel from the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Interior Affairs, and General Directorate of Intelligence. The court is presided over by an appointed Head of the Military Court who is assisted by two justices. Mawlawi Obaidullah Nizami is the current Head of the Military Court, and presides over the court alongside Mawlawi Sayyid Agha, and Mawlawi Zahid Akhundzada.[57][58]
Zonal military courts
[edit]Eight military courts serve as a court of the second instance for complaints, petitions, and lawsuits, involving personnel within the areas security forces from the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Interior Affairs, and General Directorate of Intelligence. These courts are led by an appointed 'executive commander' while judicial hearings are presided over by an appointed justice. Zonal military counters operate above provincial military courts.[59]
Provincial military courts
[edit]Provincial military courts are courts of the first instance for complaints, lawsuits, and petitions security personnel at the provincial level. All cases are presided over by an appointed justice, which would be heard by the respective zonal military court if approved.[59]
Provincial governments
[edit]Provincial Ulema Council
[edit]The supreme leader appoints a provincial Ulema Councils, also known as the Council of Scholars, to oversee the governor and civil service. The council is given the power to advise the provincial government and overrule any policy or decision contrary to Islam.[60][61]
Each council comprises 15[60] to 24[61] appointed religious scholars and tribal elders. An appointed chairman presides over the body, while a deputy chairman and financial and administrative director assist him.[62]
Provincial governor
[edit]The provincial governor is appointed and dismissed by the supreme leader to oversee the province's administration[63][64] under the regional ulema council. All governors supervise the work of local civil service and can issue instructions regulating or directing their work.
Provincial departments
[edit]Beneath the provincial governor is departments that manage the local civil service. These departments are regional directorates of ministries within the council of ministers. Directors appointed and dismissed by the supreme leader oversee the operation of their respective local departments.[64] These departments at the provincial level are:
- Governor's Office[65]
- Finance Department[66][67]
- Education Department[68]
- Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation Department[69]
- Information and Culture Department[70]
- Hajj and Religious Affairs Department[71][72]
- Rural Rehabilitation and Development Department[73][74]
- Preaching and Guidance, Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Evil Department[75]
- Public Works Department[76]
- Refugee and Repatriation Department[77][78]
- Intelligence Department[79]
Security forces
[edit]Internal and external security of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan are the responsibility of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Ministry of Defence respectively.[80] The heads of these two respective ministries are Mohammed Yaqoob, head of the Military Affairs Commission within the Rahbari Shura and son of Mullah Omar, and Sirajuddin Haqqani, head of the Haqqani Network.[81]
Currently the Islamic Emirate Army is subdivided into eight corps, mostly superseding the previous corps of the Afghan National Army.[82] In November 2021 Mullah Yaqoob, Acting Minister of Defense, announced the new names and of the corps.[83]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Taliban plans to form 'commission' in 2022 to draft new constitution". ANI News. Archived from the original on 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ^ "The Lawless Land: How Does the Taliban's Abolishing of Afghan Laws Affect Citizens' Security?". www.jurist.org. 11 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ *Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. S2CID 253945821.
Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.
- Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.
- "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.
- Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ "Statement from the Taliban: "Appointing a New Leader"". Lawfare. 2015-07-31. Archived from the original on 2024-01-13. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ^ "New appointments in accordance with the decree of the esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
- ^ "New appointments based on decree of His Highness Amir-ul-Muminin – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Islamic Emirate Introduces New Members of Caretaker Cabinet". TOLOnews. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ^ "Abdul Hakim Haqqani appointed Afghanistan's chief justice". The Express Tribune. 2021-10-15. Archived from the original on 2021-10-15. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ^ "Taliban name Kabul governor, mayor as part of new regime: Report". Hindustan Times. 2021-08-24. Archived from the original on 2022-01-18. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
- ^ "Special Decree Issued by Amir-ul-Momenin on Women's Rights – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 3 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Instructions of Amir-ul-Momenin (May Allah protect him) to governors about Afghans going to Western countries – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 8 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ Sirat, Siyar (2022-11-29). "Taliban's supreme leader to have final say over 'new laws'". Amu TV. Retrieved 2023-01-24.
- ^ a b c d Sohail, Ajmal (October 2022). "Taliban: Structure, Strategy, Agenda, and the International Terrorism Threat" (PDF). European Eye on Radicalization: 13–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Khaama Press - The son of Mullah Mohammad Omar, the..." www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ Ruttig, Thomas (March 2021). "Have the Taliban Changed?". CTC Sentinel. 14 (3). Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ 'Taleban leader held' in Pakistan, BBC News, March 2, 2007
- ^ a b آزادی, رادیو (11 January 2022). "منبع: رهبر طالبان دستور داده تا شورای علما در کندهار ایجاد شود". رادیو آزادی. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ a b c "The Ban on Older Girls' Education: Taleban conservatives ascendant and a leadership in disarray". Afghanistan Analysts Network - English (in Pashto). 2022-03-29. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Foreign Minister meets Council of Ulema, influential Shia Scholars – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 7 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ O'Donnell, Lynne. "U.N. Calls Ambassadors for Meeting With Taliban in Kandahar". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ ۸صبح (2022-06-29). "هدف و ماموریت دشوار شورای علمای طالبان". روزنامه ۸صبح (in Persian). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "مبدأ الشورى يقيم دولة في أفغانستان – مجلة الصمود الإسلامية" (in Arabic). 30 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "The Taliban Biography: The Structure and Leadership of the Taliban 1996-2002". nsarchive2.gwu.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Fresh appointments based on decree of the esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "د افغانستان اسلامي امارت مرکزي دار الافتاء ته مو خپلې پوښتنې راولېږئ - د افغانستان اسلامي امارت، Islamic Emirate Of Afghanistan". www.alemarah.af (in Persian). 2022-01-29. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
- ^ "Database". www.afghan-bios.info. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ Cuffley, Adrienne (2022-10-20). "Afghanistan Under the Taliban: Findings on the Current Situation • Stimson Center". Stimson Center. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Acting PM of Afghanistan's Taliban gov't chairs cabinet meeting on economy". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ^ a b "Cabinet instructs relevant ministries to improve functions of Boldak and Torkham borders – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 10 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ ZS (2022-12-14). "Weekly Cabinet Meeting of IEA Held". Bakhtar News Agency. Archived from the original on 2022-12-17. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ Decrees, Orders, and Instructions of His Excellency, Amir al-Mu'minin. Ministry of Justice of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. May 22, 2023. pp. 33–34.
- ^ Moubayed, Sami (2021-09-24). "Afghanistan's New Premier: Figurehead or Bold Leader?". Inside Arabia. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Political commission's meeting held – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 11 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Deputy Economic PM Chairs Economic Commission Meeting – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 30 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Meeting of Administrative Commission of the IEA Convened – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 10 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "Statement of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan regarding cabinet announcement – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 7 September 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
- ^ "One Year Later: Taliban Reprise Repressive Rule, but Struggle to Build a State". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting of the Economic Commission held – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 13 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Economic Commission to establish standard land transport system – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 13 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting of Administrative Commission convened – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 3 June 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting of Administrative Commission of the IEA Convened – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 10 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Commission for Liaison and Repatriation with Afghan Personalities officially started its work – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 21 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting of Commission for Contact with Afghan Personalities Convened – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 16 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ Zabihullah (..ذبـــــیح الله م ) [@Zabehulah_M33] (2022-06-09). "د امنیتي او تصفیوي چارو لوی کمیسیون خبرتیا https://t.co/L6YmuJFmgt https://t.co/ITQ6H6gvA6" [Security and Settlement Affairs Commission Notice] (Tweet) (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-12-29 – via Twitter.
- ^ Zabihullah (..ذبـــــیح الله م ) [@Zabehulah_M33] (2022-04-21). "اعلامیه کمیسیون تصفیه https://t.co/NTcYBy39lN https://t.co/5CIzLRX6mV" [Announcement of the liquidation commission] (Tweet) (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-12-29 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Media violation commission formed on press freedom day – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 19 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Political commission's meeting held – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 11 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Based upon Decree of Esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen National Procurement Commission Established – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 13 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "First Meeting of National Procurement Commission Conviend – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 13 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Restitution of state lands, a distinctiveness of the IEA | Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". www.alemarahenglish.af. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
- ^ khan, zahir (2023-11-20). "Daily report of high commission for facilitation of returning rafugees". Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Исламский Эмират Афганистан. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
- ^ "New appointments in accordance with the decree of the esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 3 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ Decrees, Orders, and Instructions of His Excellency, Amir Al-Mu'minin. Ministry of Justice of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. May 23, 2023. p. 30.
- ^ Orders, Decrees, and Instructions of His Excellency, Amir al-Mu'minin. Ministry of Justice of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. May 23, 2023. p. 60.
- ^ "Supreme Court of the IEA appoints heads of the appellate courts – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 15 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ a b Rahimi, Haroun. "Remaking of Afghanistan: How the Taliban are Changing Afghanistan's Laws and Legal Institutions". National University of Singapore. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
- ^ Samangani, Inamullah [@HabibiSamangani] (2021-11-10). "فرمان امیرالمؤمنین در باره تاسیس محکمه نظامی: به منظور تنفیذ نظام شرعی، تعمیل احکام الهی و اصلاح اجتماعی محکمه نظامی در تشکیلات ا.ا.ا. تاسیس شده، که تشکیل آن قرار ذیل است: ۱: مولوی عبیدالله نظامی، رئیس محکمه نظامی ۲: مولوی سیدآغا و ۳: مولوی زاهد آخندزاده، قاضیان محکمه نظامی ۱/۲" [The decree of Amir al-Mu'minin regarding the establishment of a military court: in order to enforce the Sharia system, enforce divine decrees and social reform the military court in the organization of A.A. was established, whose composition is as follows: 1: Maulvi Obeidullah Nizami, President of the Military Court 2: Maulvi Seyed Agha and 3: Maulvi Zahid Akhundzadeh, judges of the Military Court 1/2] (Tweet) (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2022-05-11. Retrieved 2022-12-29 – via Twitter.
- ^ Samangani, Inamullah [@HabibiSamangani] (2021-11-10). "محکمه نظامی در روشنی احکام شرعی صلاحیت دارد شکایات، دعواها و عرائض علیه مسئولان و منسوبین ارگانهای سهگانه امنیتی (وزارتهای دفاع و داخله و لوی ریاست استخبارات) را شنیده، بررسی نموده و فیصلههای شرعی صادر نماید، که پس از تائید محاکم ثلاثه و مقام رهبری ا.ا.ا. تطبیق میشود. ۲/۲" [The military court, in the light of Sharia rulings, has the authority to hear complaints, lawsuits and petitions against the officials and employees of the three security organs (Ministry of Defense and Interior and the Intelligence Directorate) and issue Sharia decisions, which after the approval of the three courts and the leadership A.A.A. It is adapted. 2/2] (Tweet) (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2022-12-29 – via Twitter.
- ^ a b "New appointments based on decree of His Highness Amir-ul-Muminin – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 26 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ a b "Ulema Council established over Takhar provincial government | Ariana News". www.ariananews.af. 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ a b آزادی, رادیو (11 January 2022). "منبع: رهبر طالبان دستور داده تا شورای علما در کندهار ایجاد شود". رادیو آزادی. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Based upon decree of Amir-ul-Mumineen, Baghlan council of scholars established – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 22 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
- ^ "د نږدې شلو ولایاتو لپاره نوي والیان او امنیې قوماندانان وټاکل شول". عــزم (in Pashto). 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ a b "Fresh appointments based on decree of the esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 21 September 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "District governor appointed – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 8 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Kunar finance department collects 65 million AFN revenue during last three months – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Takhar revenue increases by 50% compared to previous years – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 26 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Five new schools established in Ghazni – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 16 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock of Uruzgan destroys expired seeds and medicines – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Kandahar's new director for information and culture department appointed – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 29 August 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting held in Hajj and Religious Affairs department – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 19 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting of religious scholars held in Ghazni's Hajj and Religious Affairs Department. – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 7 January 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "New Director of Daikundi Rural Rehabilitation and Development assumes office – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 17 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Acting director of Zabul Rural Rehabilitation and Development Department assumes his office – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 12 November 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen meets provincial chiefs of promotion of virtue and prevention of vice – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 12 December 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Helmand Public Works Department rehabilitated damaged culverts on Helmand-Kandahar highway – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". January 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Meeting held concerning Repatriation of refugees – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 7 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "New director of Nimroz's Department of Refugees and Repatriation introduced – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 30 October 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Esteemed Amir-ul-Momineen Meets GDI officials – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". 11 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ^ "Taliban announces new government in Afghanistan". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
- ^ "Who's Who In The Taliban: The Men Who Run The Extremist Group And How They Operate". Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
- ^ "Islamic Emirate Introduces New Members of Caretaker Cabinet". TOLOnews. Archived from the original on 2021-10-11. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
- ^ Lalzoy, Najibullah (8 November 2021). "Taliban retitles all military corps in Afghanistan". The Khaama Press News Agency. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
