Jump to content

Order of the Two Niles

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about a Sudanese Order. For an Egyptian Order, see Order of the Nile.

Order of the Two Niles
وسام النيلين
Badge of the Grand Cordon
Awarded by Sudan
TypeOrder of Merit
Established16 November 1961; 62 years ago (1961-11-16)
CountrySudan
Awarded forProviding great services to the state
StatusCurrently constituted
Classes
Grand Cordon (Class I)
Grand Officer (Class II)
Commander (Class III)
Officer (Class IV)
Knight (Class V)
Precedence
Next (higher)Order of the Republic
Next (lower)Order of Merit, Order of Distinction, or Order of Righteous Son of Sudan

Ribbon bar of the order

The Order of the Two Niles (Arabic: وسام النيلين, romanized: Wisām an-Nīlayni) is a state decoration of Sudan established on 16 November 1961 during Ibrahim Abboud's military government.[1] The Order of the Two Niles – White and Blue Niles – is Sudan's second-highest honour after the Order of the Republic. The order is given to Sudanese and foreigners, civilians and military, who provided great services to the state.[2] The order has five classes.[3][4]

Classes

[edit]
Name Image Notes
Class I, Grand Cordon Awarded to the head of state and ambassadors to Sudan at the end of their office term.
Class II, Grand Officer Given to ministers and generals.
Class III, Commander Awarded to colonels, lieutenant colonels, and civilians of similar rank.
Class IV, Officer Awarded to majors and captains and civilians of similar rank.
Class V, Knight Awarded to lieutenants and below and civilians of similar rank.

Insignia

[edit]

The star, sash, and badge make up the First Class insignia. The star has ten points and is covered in gold. A ten-ended star is created by superimposing two five-pointed stars with truncated rays on top of one another. The surfaces of the stars are covered with vertical and, consequently, horizontal rays. The star consists of four layers and is particularly huge (102 mm) and heavy (8 1⁄2 ozs). A 40 mm white medallion sits in the middle with the inscription in dark blue: "El Nilein Arabic: النيلين", or "The Two Niles" in Arabic calligraphy. The gold medallion is attached to the ribbon by means of a transition element in the form of a rhinoceros pendant. Rhinoceros was the Republic of Sudan emblem until it became the Democratic Republic of Sudan and changed the emblem in 1985 to a secretarybird.[5] The ribbon is Royal blue moiré with two 5 mm white stripes toward each edge and is 51 mm wide. The badge is of the same pattern but smaller, measuring 58 mm across.[6]

Class II consists of the star and a neck badge, Class III consists of a neck badge, and Class IV and V consist of chest badges.[7] The insignia is made by Garrard & Co (London, England), Eng Leong Medallic Industries and Bichay (Cairo, Egypt).[4]

Notable recipients

[edit]

Class I: Grand Cordon

[edit]

Class II: Grand Officer

[edit]

Class III: Commander

[edit]

Unknown class

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "بشأن قانون الاوسمة والانواط لسنة 1961 ". site.eastlaws.com. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Order of the Two Niles". wawards.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  3. ^ "От слона до чертополоха". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 19 March 2002. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b O'Toole, E.H. (January 1967). "Sudan: Order of the Two Nile" (PDF). Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America. 18 (1): 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  5. ^ The International Flag Book in Color by Christian Fogd Pedersen (1971), p. 91.
  6. ^ "Награды Судана". 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Medals of the Republic of Sudan (IEPE)". 14 December 2004. Archived from the original on 14 December 2004. Retrieved 11 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Africa (23 July 1973). "Minority Rule and Refugees in Africa (The Role of the All Africa Conference of Churches)" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Document. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Ahmed El Safi. Ahmed Mohamed El Hassan: Milestones in tropical disease, pathology, cancer research & medical education (PDF). 30 April 2019. ISBN 978-1096419341. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2023 – via Independently published.
  10. ^ "Ahmed Elhassan | Just another UofK site". Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  11. ^ "StackPath". www.magrabi.com.sa. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  12. ^ fiaz. "Our achievements". Direct Aid Society. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  13. ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE: Dr Jacques Diouf, Director-General Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)" (PDF). October 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ^ "Biography of Amre Moussa" (PDF). Europa.eu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  15. ^ Webneoo. "Takreem | A better image of the Arab world". www.takreem.net. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  16. ^ "League of Arab States (LAS) partnership with Museum With No Frontiers (MWNF)". www.museumwnf.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  17. ^ "Sheikh Saleh Abdullah Kamel | ATF". arabthought.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  18. ^ "Stefan Jakobielski, PhD, Dr habil". www.iksiopan.pl. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  19. ^ (Wam). "Sudan awards UAE Ambassador 'The Order of the Two Niles'". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  20. ^ http://www.ofid.org/Portals/0/CV_website_Jan2017.pdf [dead link]
  21. ^ "Seminar on global mega trends held". Tribune India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  22. ^ "The President of the Republic to grant the Ambassador of the UAE the first-class order of the two Niles » رئاسة الجمهورية - القصر الجمهوري". www.presidency.gov.sd. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  23. ^ "OFID Attends Inauguration Ceremony of Sudan's Roseires Dam". Arab Development Portal. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  24. ^ "Bashir honours Qatari minister with Order of the Two Niles". Qatar Tribune. 11 May 2016. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  25. ^ QNA/Khartoum (10 May 2016). "Sudan honours Qatar's minister with top award". Gulf Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  26. ^ "UNWTO supports Sudan´s Tourism Development | UNWTO". UNWTO. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  27. ^ "Chariman". www.awqaf.gov.ae. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  28. ^ «عكاظ» (الرياض) (27 December 2016). "الرئيس السوداني يقلد رئيس هيئة الأركان وسام النيلين". Okaz (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  29. ^ الشرق (26 December 2017). "البشير يمنح رئيس الأركان وسام النيلين من الدرجة الأولى". m.al-sharq.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  30. ^ Observer, Oman (20 March 2017). "Bashir confers order on Omani official". Oman Observer. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  31. ^ Dabanga (27 April 2018). "UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Sudan honoured by Al Bashir". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  32. ^ "UN Complicity in the Darfur Genocide Takes Many Forms". Sudan Research, Analysis, and Advocacy. 28 April 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  33. ^ "Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General | UN Press". press.un.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  34. ^ "Sudanese President awards Egyptian Ambassador First-Class Order of Two Niles". EgyptToday. 25 September 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  35. ^ "بوابة روز اليوسف | الخارجية : حصول السفير المصري بالخرطوم على وسام النيلين تأكيد لعمق العلاقات بين البلدين .." صور"". بوابة روز اليوسف. 24 September 2018. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  36. ^ "FAO - News Article: Sudan recognises the role of Graziano da Silva in fighting hunger". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  37. ^ post, Nubian (27 January 2020). "البرهان يمنح سفير دولة الجنوب وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". Nubian post (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  38. ^ "Wagner PMC founder offers mediation services for settlement in Sudan". TASS. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  39. ^ "السودان تمنح السفير الموريتاني وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". الأخبار: أول وكالة أنباء موريتانية مستقلة (in Arabic). 31 May 2021. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  40. ^ "البرهان يمنح السفيرة الفرنسية وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". suna-news.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  41. ^ سونا (3 August 2021). "البرهان يمنح سفير جيبوتي بالخرطوم وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". اخبار السودان (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  42. ^ "وسام النيلين من البرهان لـ"رافدندرا براساد جاسوال"". باج نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  43. ^ "اوبن سودان | البرهان يمنح السفير الإسباني وسام النيلين". موقع نبض. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  44. ^ "Al-Burhan confers Order of Two Niles on Qatar's ambassador to Sudan". blnews. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  45. ^ الانتباهة, صحيفة (20 October 2022). "منح وسام النيلين من الدرجة الأولى للسفير الكبيسي تقديراً لجهوده في تطوير العلاقات أثناء فترة عمله". السودان اليوم (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  46. ^ Azhari, Muhamed (3 September 2022). "Al-Burhan bestows Order of the Two Niles on Turkish Ambassador to Sudan". Sudan Scoop. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  47. ^ "Al-Burhan awards the Turkish ambassador to Sudan a high medal". Move 2 Turkey. 1 September 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  48. ^ "Sudan Radio » Al-Burhan confers Order of Two Niles on Egyptian ambassador". Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  49. ^ "رئيس مجلس السيادة، يمنح السفير المصري، لدى السودان وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى بمناسبة انتهاء فترة عمله | المسار نيوز" (in Arabic). 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  50. ^ "Kuwait Ambassador To Sudan Handed Honorary Order At End Of T... | MENAFN.COM". menafn.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  51. ^ "PressReader - Connecting People Through News". Archived from the original on 19 September 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2023 – via PressReader.
  52. ^ السودان, صوت (13 December 2022). "البرهان يمنح السفير الصيني وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". صوت السودان (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  53. ^ "البرهان يمنح سفيرة البرازيل وسام النيلين". suna-news.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  54. ^ "Al-Burhan awards Russian ambassador to Sudan the Order of Two Niles". MSN. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  55. ^ العزيز, علي عبد (28 February 2023). "البرهان يمنح سفير روسيا لدى السودان وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". Morning News | مورنينج نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  56. ^ "Al-Burhan Awards South Korean Ambassador Order of the Two Niles". Elmasar English. 10 January 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  57. ^ "البرهان يمنح سفير كوريا الجنوبية وسام النيلين من الطبقة الاولى". suna-news.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  58. ^ Orizio, Riccardo (26 September 2002). "Dear Tyrant". Granta. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  59. ^ Acović, Dragomir (2012). Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik.
  60. ^ Гачић, Драган (2015). "Одликовања из легата историјског архива Београда". Историјски архив Београда. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  61. ^ "Norman Jackson". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  62. ^ الجديد, فهد بن ناصر بن إبراهيم (11 March 2017). رواد الدعوة في الـمملكة العربية السعودية (in Arabic). العبيكان للنشر. ISBN 978-603-503-921-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  63. ^ "Bob Geldof Receives the Order of the Two Niles". anecdotage.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  64. ^ "FASHION FOR AID » 16 Nov 1985 » The Spectator Archive". The Spectator Archive. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  65. ^ Chittenden, Maurice. "Bob Geldof swaps punk for heavy medal show". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  66. ^ CHłODNICKI, MAREK (2004). "Lech Krzyżaniak (1940–2004)". Varia MittSAG: 196–197. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  67. ^ "Lech Krzyżaniak". Muzarp.poznan.pl. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  68. ^ "FIP Pioneer Award | Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics". fitzpatrick.duke.edu. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  69. ^ "FIP Pioneer Award | Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics". fitzpatrick.duke.edu. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  70. ^ "News". Anthropology Today. 22 (3): 26–28. 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8322.2006.00479.x. ISSN 0268-540X. JSTOR 3695015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  71. ^ Adams, William Y. (2022). Down to Earth Archaeology. Archaeopress Publishing. ISBN 978-1-80327-230-6. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  72. ^ "Dean Mark Kornbluh Blog: Honoring Dr. William Y. Adams | University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences". anthropology.as.uky.edu. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  73. ^ SudanTribune (29 December 2005). "The Corridor's writer receives Sudan's highest medals". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 13 March 2023.[permanent dead link]
  74. ^ "Kuwait's new Cabinet line-up". ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS. 15 December 2020. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  75. ^ Pinto, Christina (19 November 2019). "H.H. Sheikh Sabah Al Khaled a man with a distinguished career and impeccable track record". TimesKuwait. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  76. ^ نقاااي, يقول (1 August 2019). "البرهان يمنح الملحق العسكري السعودي وسام النيلين - النيلين" (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  77. ^ "ئيس مجلس السيادة يمنح مدير برنامج الغذاء العالمي وسام النيلين من الطبقة الأولى". جلس السيادة الإنتقالي - السودان. 14 February 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  78. ^ "UN Beasley Takes Award from Coup Official in Sudan as UN Maintains Secret List of People Banned by Guterres". www.innercitypress.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  79. ^ "Sovereignty Council President Awards Two Niles Order to WFP Executive Director". suna-news.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  80. ^ Idriss, Elsadig Ahmed Abd Alsalam (6 December 2016). السودانيون في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة: سياحة توثيقية في حياة السودانيين في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة (in Arabic). Elsadig Ahmed Abd Alsalam Idriss. ISBN 978-99942-63-04-2. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  81. ^ "No. 45262". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1970. p. 7.
  82. ^ https://syrmhdotcom (18 September 2017). "جمال الفيصل - التاريخ السوري المعاصر". syrmh.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  83. ^ "محيط - الترابي يتبرأ من الـ"سي دي" ويتهم الوطني بالجاسوسية - الاخبار -". www.afran.ir. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  84. ^ Power, Samantha (6 October 2011). Chasing the Flame: Sergio Vieira de Mello and the Fight to Save the World. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-192110-5. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  85. ^ "Board of Directors". Hospitality Management Holding. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  86. ^ "Gen James Rodgers Allen". militaryhallofhonor.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  87. ^ "JAMES R. ALLEN". www.af.mil. Retrieved 13 March 2023.[permanent dead link]
  88. ^ "Keys for Life". issuu. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  89. ^ الكنيسي, حمدي (1 January 2016). السلطة وطول العمر (in Arabic). Al Manhal. ISBN 9796500406275. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  90. ^ Safi, Ahmed El (2019). Mohamed Hamad Satti: The Father of Medical Research in Sudan : His Life and Work (1913-2005) : Milestones in Field Research in Tropical Disease Pathology, Bacteriology and Epidemiology. Sudan Medical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  91. ^ Admin (11 July 2016). "ABDUL-WAHAB, Muhammed Saleh". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  92. ^ "The 5th Jack Westoby lecture - ANU Open Research" (PDF). The Australian National University. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  93. ^ David, Nicholas (1 June 2008). "Peter Lewis Shinnie 1915–2007". African Archaeological Review. 25 (1): 125–129. doi:10.1007/s10437-008-9019-z. ISSN 1572-9842. S2CID 162296651. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  94. ^ Pigott, Peter (16 February 2009). Canada in Sudan: War Without Borders. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-77070-514-2. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  95. ^ "Professor Peter Shinnie". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  96. ^ Sciences), Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des (1 January 2017). "Lichocka B. 'Ergon agathon', Études et Travaux XXX (2017), 9–71". Études et Travaux. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  97. ^ "Mr Joseph S. BLATTER". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 19 June 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  98. ^ "HRH Prince Abdulaziz Ahmad Abdulaziz Al Saud". The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  99. ^ "RCSI awards Honorary Fellowship at joint Council dinner". www.rcsi.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  100. ^ "Guinea Worm Wrap Up #170 - The Carter Center" (PDF). The Carter Center. 26 February 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  101. ^ Chérif Ouazani, "Omar el Béchir honore l'ex-patron de la Minuad" Archived 22 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Jeune Afrique, 8 September 2009 (in French).
  102. ^ "Sudan: Investment Minister Underlines His Ministry's Keenness to Provide All Facilities for Pharmaceutical Industries in the Country". AllAfrica. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  103. ^ Berhane, D.; Fitz-Gerald, A. (11 October 2017). "General Samora Yenus: Profile, Sudanese award, Expert comment". hdl:1826/12671. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  104. ^ "FTX 2017 Comes to an End in Port Sudan". easfcom.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  105. ^ Defaiya, Al (14 February 2017). "Al Defaiya | Forty Six Kuwaitis Graduate from Sudan Military College". www.defaiya.com. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  106. ^ "Sudanese President Presented Outgoing Qatari Ambassador with Order of the Two Niles". www.mofa.gov.qa. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  107. ^ مابين العلامة الدكتور عبد الحليم محمد والدكتور كمال شداد والصحفي الكبير النعمان حسن [Between the scholar Dr. Abd al-Halim Muhammad, Dr. Kamal Shaddad, and the great journalist al-Numan Hassan]. forum.kooora.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  108. ^ الدكتور عبدالحليم محمد [Dr Abdel Halim Mohamed]. www.hashmab.net. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  109. ^ "عتاب للرئيس مبارك - تاريخ أقباط مصر". Coptic History. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of the Two Niles.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Two_Niles&oldid=1228862337"