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Chapo Trap House

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Chapo Trap House
The logo used by Chapo Trap House is an embroidered patch of the Drug Enforcement Administration's Cocaine Intelligence Unit
Presentation
Hosted by
  • Will Menaker
  • Matt Christman
  • Felix Biederman
  • Amber A'Lee Frost
  • Virgil Texas (2016–2021)
GenrePolitics, Comedy
LanguageEnglish
UpdatesTwice-weekly
Length60–100 minutes
Production
Production
  • Brendan James (2016–2017)
  • Chris Wade (2018–present)
No. of episodes849 (episode list)
Publication
Original releaseMarch 13, 2016
Related
Related shows
Websitewww.chapotraphouse.com Edit this at Wikidata

Chapo Trap House (also referred to as Chapo) is an American socialist political comedy podcast launched in March 2016. The show is hosted by its three co-founders: Will Menaker, Matt Christman, and Felix Biederman. Amber A'Lee Frost and Virgil Texas joined as recurring co-hosts in November 2016, though the latter left the series in May 2021. Chris Wade has produced the show since November 2017, following the departure of original producer Brendan James. Chapo Trap House is aligned with the dirtbag left, a style of contentious left-wing political discourse that eschews civility in favor of casual, blunt, often vulgar expression.

The show has a democratic-socialist perspective, and its co-hosts are affiliated with the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA). The hosts are typically extremely critical of both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party, particularly its centrist wing. Chapo supported Bernie Sanders in his first presidential campaign in the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries and his second campaign 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.

In 2018, an imprint of Simon & Schuster published The Chapo Guide to Revolution, co-written by five of the original hosts. The book debuted at number six on The New York Times Best Seller list.[4]

Content

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The Chapo hosts and producers identify with radical left-wing politics and frequently deride conservative, neoliberal, moderate, and liberal pundits.[5][6] Writing for The New York Times, Nikil Saval called Chapo Trap House and its hosts "prime originators of the far left's liberal-bashing."[7] The Pacific Standard wrote:

Contemporary conservatism is the butt of many jokes on Chapo, but the harshest critiques are often saved for the Democratic Party (and for contemporary liberalism more generally). Chapo has managed to strip away the layers standard of political discourse to highlight the brutality behind policies such as "double-tap" airstrikes and for-profit health care.[6]

Biederman said the show's audience is seeking alternatives to liberal media, which he calls "the dominion of either upper-middle-class smugness when it's even the least bit funny and insufferable self-righteousness when it's even the least bit conscious."[8] Similarly, Christman said that leftist perspectives in media tend toward either the "smug above-it-all snark of The Daily Show or the quaver-voiced earnestness of, like, Chris Hedges or something. Neither of those models offer the visceral thrill of listening to people who actually give a shit (as opposed to the wan liberalism of people who are mostly interested in showing how much smarter they are than Republicans)."[8] Menaker has said that Chapo is meant to be in "marked contrast to the utterly humorless and bloodless path that leads many people with liberal or leftist proclivities into the trap of living in constant fear of offending some group that you're not a part of, up to and including the ruling class."[8]

Chapo Trap House hosts Felix Biederman, Matt Christman, Amber A'Lee Frost, Virgil Texas, and Will Menaker (left to right) live at The Bell House in New York City in 2017

Chapo Trap House is dense with inside jokes and hyper-specific references to ongoing political discussion on Twitter.[9] The hosts are associated with Twitter communities called "Left Twitter" and "Weird Twitter," a name used to describe a loose group of Twitter users known for absurdist humor.[8][5]

Format and availability

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An episode of Chapo Trap House usually lasts between 60 and 80 minutes. Episodes are typically structured with a prepared "cold open," an interview with a guest, and commentary on current events. In post-production, relevant audio samples are interspersed into the episode's discussion.[8] The theme song—and inspiration for the show's title—is "SALUTE 2 EL CHAPO PART 1" by DJ Smokey.[10] The show has a reading series which usually features texts by conservative and neoliberal writers, such as Ross Douthat, Ben Shapiro, Dennis Prager, and Rod Dreher.[8]

Weekly free episodes of the show are available via SoundCloud, Spotify, and iTunes, among other services. Subscribers who contribute at least $5 per month via Patreon gain access to additional weekly premium bonus episodes. By May 2017, the show generated more than $60,000 a month from subscribers,[11] and is as of September 2023 the third highest-grossing user on Patreon, earning over $180,000 per month,[12] having once been the highest-grossing user on Patreon.[13] Geek.com cited the show's premium content as an example of a viable revenue model for new podcasters.[14]

History

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Background and formation

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The three founding hosts met online through discussions on Twitter years prior to starting the podcast.[6][8] Under the usernames @willmenaker (Menaker); @cushbomb (Christman); and @ByYourLogic (Biederman, also formerly @swarthyvillain and @spookymuscleman), they developed followings for their political commentary and have been called "minor Twitter celebrities."[8][15][5] All had been politically motivated for several years.[6]

The three first recorded together as guests on an episode of the podcast Street Fight Radio to mock the film 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi.[16] They had already discussed hosting a show together for some time, and, encouraged by positive reception to their Street Fight appearances, they created Chapo Trap House.[8][6] They chose the name Chapo Trap House in the first episode as a joking reference to the Mexican drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán and a slang term for a drug house, intending the title to sound like the title of a rap mixtape.[8][17]

Early years

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The show came to prominence during the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary contest between former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and United States Senator Bernie Sanders. The show's left-wing content became popular with supporters of the democratic socialist Sanders.[18]

The team behind the podcast has since expanded from the original three hosts. Brendan James joined as producer after appearing as a guest, and Virgil Texas and Amber A'Lee Frost joined the show as alternating co-hosts after the 2016 American presidential election.[17] James left the show in November 2017, later being replaced by producer and writer Chris Wade.[19]

The Chapo Guide to Revolution

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Biederman, Christman, James, Menaker, and Texas authored a satirical book about American politics, The Chapo Guide to Revolution: A Manifesto Against Logic, Facts, and Reason, published in August 2018 under the name Chapo Trap House. It debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list at number 6 under the Hardcover Non-Fiction category and number 7 under the Combined Print & E-Book category.[20][21]

2020 election

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During the 2020 United States presidential election cycle, Chapo Trap House interviewed Democratic presidential candidates Marianne Williamson, Andrew Yang, John Delaney, Joe Sestak, Tom Steyer,[22] and Bernie Sanders.[23] In February 2020, The New York Times profiled the group's large live shows in early Democratic Party primary states, noting that they had "morphed into a touring political rally" for the election of Bernie Sanders.[24]

Departure of Virgil Texas

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Virgil Texas started co-hosting the Bad Faith podcast with Briahna Joy Gray in September 2020.[25][26] In May 2021, it was announced that Texas was leaving Chapo Trap House. The podcast's Patreon page described the parting as amicable.[27]

Hosts

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Will Menaker

[edit]

Will Menaker is one of three co-founders and regular co-hosts of Chapo Trap House. He has been described as the podcast's "planner" and "showrunner," often choosing the topics of discussion for each episode.[28] He was raised in a self-described liberal family on the Upper West Side of New York, composed of himself and his adoptive parents: Katherine Bouton, an editor at the New York Times, and Daniel Menaker, an editor at the New Yorker and Random House. After graduating from Skidmore College, Menaker worked at Liverwright, a W.W. Norton imprint, but left in 2016 when Chapo encountered commercial success.[29][30][31] Menaker has stated that the Iraq War and endorsements of the war by Congressional Democrats were the catalyst for his turning away from being a liberal Democrat to left-wing and socialist politics.[29]

Matt Christman

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Matt Christman, Chapo co-founder and co-host, grew up in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. He described his household as essentially apolitical; his father listened to conservative talk radio and identified as a Republican, while his mother never outwardly expressed any political views; both avoided the topic of politics in discussions. His father died during his junior year of high school. Before his high school graduation, Christman experienced a sudden onset of severe back pain with no readily apparent external cause. He underwent an intensive diagnostic process (including a spinal tap and MRI scans), surgery, and months of physical therapy. He made a partial recovery but his condition progressed into Brown-Séquard syndrome. As a result, he continues to walk with a limp. In an interview with CounterPunch, Christman spoke about his experience and how it had impacted the course of his life and development of his worldview:

I left the hospital in a wheelchair and then I spent the next four/five months rehabbing to be able to stand and walk. And I went from having braces on both of my legs to just one, and I went from a wheelchair to the braces, to crutches, to a cane, within six months. Had to do a bunch of horrible, really grody stuff to my body. And at the end of it, I kind of hit a plateau where I now have a limp, still, because I have something called Browns-Sequard syndrome [sic], which is where the damage to your spine affects two halves differently. So my right leg is normal in terms of strength but it's completely numb all the time, like it's asleep. And then my left leg is very weak, and I drag it. It's been that way since this happened. Amber's theory is you see white males who are committed Leftists, and if they're serious about it, there’s something that happened that gave them a sense of real vulnerability. They don't take for granted their position anymore. I never thought about it that way. It was never a conscious thing. But when I look at my interests and my milieu, I think that theory is kind of persuasive. I just kind of laid low and felt vulnerable.[32]

Christman attended Carroll University in Wisconsin.[29] A former active member of the Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), he participated in founding a local chapter when he lived in Cincinnati, Ohio.[32]

Felix Biederman

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Felix Biederman, Chapo co-founder and co-host, was raised in the affluent, historically liberal neighborhood of Hyde Park in Chicago, and cites his upbringing in the city as motivating his criticism of the "establishment" Democratic party.[6] After attending the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota, he moved to New York to work as a freelance writer, often covering mixed-martial-arts for Deadspin and the New York Observer.[33][34]

Reception

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Avid fans of Chapo Trap House are called Grey Wolves, a joke referencing the neo-fascist, nationalist Turkish movement of the same name.[17]

A review of the second episode in The A.V. Club called the show "tremendously funny" and said "it feels like an absolutely essential listen." The reviewer cautioned prospective listeners that the show's left political perspective and amateur audio quality are "not for everyone," but said the hosts' "energy and desire to improve the political landscape of this country is not only unparalleled, but also contagious: if listening to this podcast doesn't make you want to become a more politically engaged person, it's hard to imagine what will."[15] A subsequent A.V. Club review of the seventh episode noted the show's marked improvements in audio quality and the hosts' newfound confidence and flow in discussion, while retaining the "raw energy and urgency that has fueled the show from the get-go."[35] The publication eventually named the episode of the show following the election of Donald Trump one of the best individual podcast episodes of the year 2016.[36]

Mediaite called the show "consistently, absurdly funny and impressively literate on the diverse subjects it tackles," citing the hosts' "breadth of awareness about (seemingly) everything that's been published in every media outlet for the past few decades, and a depth of knowledge on various, arcane subjects."[5] Paste described the show as "not deliberately offensive, but unapologetically honest ... so hilarious and delightfully vulgar I can barely stand it."[8] Pacific Standard wrote, "Whether you think Chapo Trap House and its fans are bullies or righteously hilarious seems to come down to whether you think calling a Washington Post reporter 'smooth brain' is an acceptable move within the political discourse."[6] The Irish Times commended its "more bracing and venomous approach to politics" than other podcasts and named the show one of the best podcasts of 2016.[37]

The Advocate praised the show for its "scathing, hilarious, erudite analysis on politics and media from a far-left perspective," and favorably analogized the thrill of listening to how Alex Jones and Rush Limbaugh make their right-wing fans feel.[38] Comedy website Splitsider recommended the episode featuring video editor Vic Berger, who did an in-depth interview about his surreal Vine and YouTube shorts covering the 2016 presidential election season.[39]

In a 2016 column, Robby Soave of libertarian magazine Reason criticized the show as "apparently a group therapy session for Bernie bros."[40] Soave wrote in reaction to host Will Menaker commenting on one of his tweets, saying that he believed Menaker had a hypocritical view of free-speech rights, and said the hosts "would gleefully applaud the silencing of everyone to their right."[40] Soave later appeared as a guest on a premium episode of the podcast, "17 – The Road to Soavedom," in which he debated the hosts on freedom of speech in the media and the viability of public education.[41]

The 2019 role-playing video game Disco Elysium features voice-acting cameos from Biederman, Christman, Menaker, and Texas.[42] The creators of the game, Studio ZA/UM, lauded the podcast on Twitter, saying they had been "huge [Chapo] fans since the beginning."[43]

Political influence

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In March 2019, it was revealed former U.S. Senator from Alaska Mike Gravel filed for an exploratory committee regarding a possible 2020 presidential campaign after being convinced to run by students David Oks, Henry Williams, and Elijah Emery, who learned about Gravel from Chapo Trap House.[44][45][46] Gravel's formerly dormant Twitter account soon went viral after being used by the students to attack various politicians, including Democrats Amy Klobuchar, Cory Booker, Joe Biden, and Kamala Harris, in an effort to move discussion of the 2020 Democratic presidential candidates leftward.[45][46][47] The Mike Gravel campaign performed an AMA on the r/Chapotraphouse subreddit on April 8, the day the campaign officially launched.[48][49]

Italian weekly news magazine L'espresso attributed Chapo Trap House listenership with rising membership in the Democratic Socialists of America throughout early 2019, saying the podcast is "[a] real and physical program, which is bringing thousands of young Americans to subscribing themselves to the DSA: the young Democratic Socialists of America."[50]

Critique of the Democratic Party

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During the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, The New York Times profiled the Chapo Trap House hosts' characterizations of candidates challenging Vermont Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, the hosts' preferred candidate. The hosts called supporters of former Vice President Joe Biden "gelatinous 100-year-olds," referred to former Mayor Pete Buttigieg as "a bloodless asexual," and said former Mayor Michael Bloomberg should lose "so badly that this midget gremlin won't even have a shot even with a trillion dollars." When the hosts mentioned the name of Massachusetts Senator and presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren during a live event, the crowd hissed. According to the article, "the Sanders campaign maintains a close relationship with the podcast. His senior adviser, David Sirota, and his national press secretary, Briahna Joy Gray, have also been on the podcast."[51] Describing the podcast's simultaneous intense criticism of the Warren 2020 presidential campaign and its associations with the Sanders campaign, Zach Beauchamp of Vox wrote, "If Sanders's fans are really serious about helping their guy, they need to think carefully about whether what they're doing is actually working."[52][53]

On June 29, 2020, Reddit banned the unofficial Chapo Trap House subreddit, citing violations of Reddit's new community guidelines and the subreddit's persistent failure to moderate rule-breaking content.[54][55] The hosts of Chapo Trap House have frequently repudiated this subreddit as well.[56]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Time For My Stories". Stitcher. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  2. ^ "Hell of Presidents". Stitcher. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  3. ^ "Blowback". blowback.show. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  4. ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers – Sept. 9, 2018 – The New York Times". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Reisman, Sam (April 12, 2016). "Meet Chapo Trap House: The Funniest and Most F**ked Up New Podcast About Media and Politics". Mediaite. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Shade, Colette (November 4, 2016). "The Radical Cheek of 'Chapo Trap House'". Pacific Standard. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  7. ^ Saval, Nikil (July 5, 2017). "Hated by the Right. Mocked by the Left. Who wants to be 'Liberal' anymore?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rhode, Jason (July 29, 2016). "Chapo Trap House are the Vulgar, Brilliant Demigods of the New Progressive Left". Paste. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  9. ^ Brawley, Eddie (September 9, 2016). "Explaining the 'Chapo Trap House' Podcast to the Uninitiated". Splitsider. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  10. ^ "Ooohh Baby I Like It Raw". Chapo Trap House (Podcast). No. 174. January 7, 2018. Event occurs at 1:08:30. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018 – via SoundCloud. WILL MENAKER: 'Finally, before we end the show, I wanna give a shout-out that's long overdue. I've been asked many times the theme song to the show, "SALUTE 2 EL CHAPO," where's it from? Finally gotta give a shout-out: DJ Smokey, in case you weren't aware of him. I was listening to a lot of his mixtapes when we did the first episode or around the time when the show was percolating in my mind, and I would say it was highly influential in the name choice.'
  11. ^ Smith, Jack (August 29, 2016). "Liberals are making bank on a site called Patreon. The right calls it 'hipster welfare.'". Mic. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  12. ^ "Chapo Trap House: Patreon Earnings + Statistics + Graphs + Rank". Graphtreon. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  13. ^ "Top Patreon Creators". Graphtreon. Archived from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
  14. ^ Jensen, K. Thor (June 23, 2016). "How to start your own podcast without any experience". Geek.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  15. ^ a b Griffith, Colin (March 28, 2016). "Podmass: Aaron Rodgers stops by You Made It Weird to talk about UFO sightings: Chapo Trap House". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  16. ^ 2 22 2016 – Bryan Interviews Will, Matt, and Felix About Seeing 13 Hours : The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi in Theaters Archived December 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Street Fight Radio, February 22, 2016
  17. ^ a b c Tolentino, Jia (November 18, 2016). "What Will Become of the Dirtbag Left?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  18. ^ Tolentino, Jia (November 18, 2016). "What Will Become of the Dirtbag Left?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
  19. ^ @deep_beige (November 4, 2017). "personal note: After a lotta fun, I'm bowing out from Chapo. It's bittersweet cause I'm proud of the show, but i'm all podcasted-out" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  20. ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers – Sept. 9, 2018 – The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
  21. ^ "Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction – Best Sellers – Sept. 9, 2018 – The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
  22. ^ Chapo Trap House x Vic Berger: Dispatch From Iowa Caucuses, archived from the original on July 11, 2020, retrieved February 10, 2020
  23. ^ "Chapo Trap House". SoundCloud. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
  24. ^ Bowles, Nellie (February 29, 2020). "The Pied Pipers of the Dirtbag Left Want to Lead Everyone to Bernie Sanders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2020.
  25. ^ "'My Job Is Not to Protect "the Squad"': Briahna Joy Gray Wants to Upend Democrats' Political Strategy". Vanity Fair. February 18, 2021. Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  26. ^ "Bad Faith website". badfaith.libsyn.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  27. ^ "Update on Show Personnel". Patreon. May 19, 2021. Archived from the original on August 4, 2021.
  28. ^ "Chapo Trap House are the Vulgar, Brilliant Demigods of the New Progressive Left". Paste Magazine. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  29. ^ a b c Shade, Colette. "The Radical Cheek of 'Chapo Trap House'". Pacific Standard. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  30. ^ Tolentino, Jia (November 18, 2016). "What Will Become of the Dirtbag Left?". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  31. ^ Schafer, Joseph (August 17, 2018). "DOPE Interviews | Chapo Trap House's Will Menaker". DOPE Magazine. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022.
  32. ^ a b Schiller, Lucy (February 8, 2019). "Forward Left: An Interview with Matt Christman of Chapo Trap House". CounterPunch.org. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  33. ^ "Felix Biederman". Deadspin. October 4, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  34. ^ "Felix Biederman". Observer. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  35. ^ Griffith, Colin (May 2, 2016). "Podmass: Orange Is The New Black's Diane Guerrero on debt and deportation: Chapo Trap House". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  36. ^ Griffith, Colin (December 5, 2016). "Our favorite podcasts of 2016". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  37. ^ O'Reilly, Seamas (December 15, 2016). "The best podcasts of 2016, that you've probably never heard of". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  38. ^ Brillon, Gordon (August 4, 2016). "Talk talk: Here are the podcasts we are listening to this week". The Advocate. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  39. ^ Wright, Megh (July 14, 2016). "This Week in Comedy Podcasts: 'Sooo Many White Guys' Debuts". Splitsider. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  40. ^ a b Soave, Robby (June 12, 2016). "If a Left-Wing Peter Thiel Sued a Right-Wing Gawker, Liberals Would Cheer. They Said So". Reason. Archived from the original on August 16, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  41. ^ Episode 17 Teaser – Choose The Color Of Your Destruction, archived from the original on March 25, 2019, retrieved March 25, 2019
  42. ^ "Twitter – Studio ZA/UM". October 13, 2019. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  43. ^ "Twitter – Studio ZA/UM". October 16, 2019. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
  44. ^ "Form 1 for Mike Gravel for President Exploratory Committee". docquery.fec.gov. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  45. ^ a b Montellaro, Zach (March 20, 2019). "'Do you know how old I am?': Teens draft Gravel to run for president". POLITICO. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  46. ^ a b Bort, Ryan (March 20, 2019). "88-Year-Old Mike Gravel Is the Latest Teen Sensation". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  47. ^ Crosbie, Jack (March 20, 2019). "Mike Gravel's Viral 2020 Campaign Is the Brainchild of a New York Teen". Splinter. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  48. ^ "Mike Gravel 2020 Campaign AMA – Gravel Teens Tell All". reddit. Archived from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  49. ^ Stuart, Tessa (April 8, 2019). "The Teens Have Officially Convinced Mike Gravel to Run for President". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  50. ^ "r/ChapoTrapHouse – One of the main publications in Italy ("L'Espresso") has published an article on Chapo Trap House. Translation in the comments". reddit. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  51. ^ Bowles, Nellie (March 1, 2020). "The Pied Pipers of the Dirtbag Left Want to Lead Everyone to Bernie Sanders". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  52. ^ Beauchamp, Zach (March 6, 2020). "Elizabeth Warren's exit interview is a warning for the dirtbag left". Vox. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  53. ^ Beauchamp, Zach (March 9, 2020). "The raging controversy over "Bernie Bros" and the so-called dirtbag left, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  54. ^ Isaac, Mike (June 29, 2020). "Reddit, Acting Against Hate Speech, Bans 'The_Donald' Subreddit". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  55. ^ Newton, Casey (June 29, 2020). "Reddit bans r/The_Donald and r/ChapoTrapHouse as part of a major expansion of its rules". The Verge. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  56. ^ Kimball, Whitney (June 29, 2020). "Reddit Brings the Banhammer Down on r/The_Donald and 2,000 Other Subs". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
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