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Front for Victory

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Front for Victory
Frente para la Victoria
AbbreviationFPV
LeaderCristina Fernández de Kirchner
FounderNéstor Kirchner
Founded1 March 2003 (2003-03-01)
Dissolved12 June 2019 (2019-06-12)
Succeeded byCitizen's Unity
HeadquartersRiobamba 460 2º A, Buenos Aires
Youth wingLa Cámpora
Membership (2012)153,000
IdeologyPeronism[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Left-wing nationalism[8]
Social democracy[9][10]
Kirchnerism[11][12][13]
Left-wing populism[14]
Political positionCentre-left[15][16][17]
Factions:
Centre[18][19][20] to left-wing[7][21][22][23]
Members
List

The Front for Victory (Spanish: Frente para la Victoria, FPV) was a centre-left[15][16][17] Peronist electoral alliance[24] in Argentina, and is formally a faction of the Justicialist Party.[25] Former presidents Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner were elected as representatives of this party.[26]

The Front for Victory is ideologically identified with what has been called Kirchnerism. Legally, the Front should not be confused with the Victory Party, which is just one of the political parties in it.

History

[edit]

Due to internal disagreements over leadership, the Justicialist Party did not participate as such in the 2003 presidential elections, so the Front for Victory was established on behalf of the presidential candidacy of Néstor Kirchner, in opposition to two other Peronist tickets (Carlos Menem's Front for Loyalty and Adolfo Rodríguez Saá's Front of the Popular Movement).[1]

At the 2005 legislative elections the FPV, again running against other Peronist lists, won 50 of the 127 elected deputies (out of 257) and 14 of the 24 elected senators (out of 72), thus obtaining the majority in both Houses of Congress.[27]

At the 2007 presidential election, FPV rallied through the Plural Consensus alliance, including non-PJ candidates. Its presidential candidate Cristina Fernández de Kirchner won the Presidency on the first round, obtaining 45.29% of the total votes, some 22% ahead of her nearest challenger (Elisa Carrió for the Civic Coalition alliance), this being the widest margin any candidate had got on any modern election held in Argentina at that time.

At the 2009 mid-term legislative election, the FPV lost its congressional majorities in both chambers, gaining just 30.80% of the national votes, thus narrowly becoming the first minority party at the Argentine National Congress, while the Civic and Social Agreement (ACyS) alliance arrived a close second.

At the October 2011 elections, however, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner secured her re-election with 54.11% of the votes in the first round (a percentage only surpassed in Argentina by Juan Perón and Hipólito Yrigoyen), and a 38% lead over her nearest challenger (Hermes Binner of the Broad Progressive Front alliance), much widening its former performance of 2007. With 11,864,456 votes, Cristina Fernández also became the most voted person in the history of Argentine democracy, and the FPV achieved a first-time third consecutive mandate for a Peronist alliance.

At the 2013 legislative election, the FPV and its allies marginally won the elections, maintaining its dominance over both chambers of the Congress.

Principles

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The Front for Victory has a Declaration of Principles[28] headed by the motto: "Argentina, conviction and ability to build a new country."

The FPV takes its principles from what it calls an "intolerable" gap between the rich and the poor, and questions the role of those political parties allied to the regime in the 2001 crisis that affected the country. Hence "the vital need of deepening a process of social justice, which by leaving behind a past most Argentines want to overcome, will allow the construction of a new space for political and institutional management in Argentina".

The Declaration of Principles finishes explaining that "imagining and building a new country requires conviction and ability for joining the pieces of a fragmented society and the will to do so, not from a single political party, but from the formation of a broad national front which can bring us back as a Nation this Argentina that can't wait any longer".

Member parties

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The Front for Victory is composed by :

Party Main ideology Leader/s
Justicialist Party Peronism Eduardo Fellner
Broad Front Social democracy Adriana Puiggrós
Communist Party (EC) Marxism-Leninism Pablo Pereyra
Humanist Party Humanism Eshter Sosa
Radicales K Kirchnerism Several

Presidency of Nestor Kirchner: 2003-2007

[edit]
Main article: Presidency of Néstor Kirchner

In 2003 the FPV with the candidacy of Nestor Kirchner came second in the presidential elections with 22% of the vote, behind former president Carlos Menem with 24%. As provided in the Constitution, corresponded settling the election in a runoff, but Menem, with polls favoring Kirchner by more than 60%, withdrew from it, being for that reason elected President of Argentina, Nestor Carlos Kirchner, for the period 2003-10 December 2007.

At that time (2003) Front of Victory had the decisive support of the leaders of Buenos Aires with involvement of the "duhaldismo", political force of whom until then was President Eduardo Duhalde. In the 2005 elections (governors and legislators) there was a break between the Peronist Kirchner and Duhalde, which led to the exclusion of the latter from the Front for Victory and electoral confrontation between the two sectors. The decision to move against corporate economic, agricultural and livestock sector employers of soybean roots caused the confrontation. In 2005, FPV presented as presidential candidate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner, while duhaldismo introduced Hilda "Chiche" González de Duhalde, the wife of the former president, being Cristina the first winner by a large margin.

During the Kirchner administration an advance payment of the total debt to the International Monetary Fund was made, declaring the aim of ending the subjection of the respective national economic policies to the international body.[29] Afterwards a swap debt is performed, which began renegotiations for the bonds that had been in default since 2001.

As a symbol of his administration, pursued an active policy to promote human rights. His government incorporated members of recognized human rights organization and prompted the prosecution of those responsible for crimes against humanity that occurred during the 70s, made by the Triple A and the government of National Reorganization Process. To carry it out, supporters in Congress voted the cancellation of the laws of Due Obedience and Full Stop,[30][better source needed] which had remained restraining such judgments since the government of Raul Alfonsin. This decision was subsequently ratified by the Judicial.[31][better source needed]

Regarding international policy, in November of that year was held in Mar del Plata the IV Summit of the Americas, where Kirchner said a rejection of the ALCA, proposed by the United States. This is considered the foundational moment for UNASUR.[32][better source needed]

Nestor Carlos Kirchner died on 27 October 2010. He was 60 years old.

Presidency of Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner: 2007-2015

[edit]
Main article: Presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

On 18 July 2007, Senator of FPV, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner was presented as the alliance's candidate for the presidential elections of October.[33]

On 28 October the candidate of the Front for Victory, Cristina Fernandez won the general election with 45.29%, leading by over 22 points to Elisa Carrio (Civic Coalition). The formula was imposed in almost all provincial districts and thus became the first woman elected to the office of President of Argentina. She assumed this role on 10 December 2007.

One of the first steps taken by President Fernandez was the creation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, designating responsible Lino Barañao, a renowned molecular biologist. The move was accompanied by the announcement of the creation of a scientific-technological centre in Buenos Aires, composed of three institutes: Social and Human Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology and Sciences Tecnológicas.[34]

On the 11 March 2008, the Argentine Economy Minister Martin Lousteau, announced the enactment of Resolution 125 / In the month of March 2008 was passed Resolution 125/2008,[35] establishing a new system of export duties on exports, holding its increase or decrease to international price developments. This caused a conflict with the large estate owners from the agricultural sector, who protested against the government's decision to change the tax system of exports. During the protest, the landowners and main producers declared a series of measures such as roadblocks for national disruption of basic food supply and of long distance transportation and agricultural exports, making partial lockouts (lock out) of roadblocks and other ports and direct action measures.[36] President Cristina Fernandez suspended the resolution and sent Congress a bill on the tax on exports of grains and compensation for small and medium producers, so it was the legislature that ultimately resolved the situation. The project received preliminary approval in Congress, but the vote in the Senate was not successful, scoring the equalizer in the vote, and was the vice president of the Nation Julio Cleto Cobos (President of the Senate), who had negative tie by voting against the project.

The government focused on making social action measures, among which we can highlight the Connect Equality program by ANSES (Social Security Administration) consisting of the delivery and commissioning of two million netbooks with Internet access to all public elementary and secondary schools. The Universal Child Allowance, which generalizes the family allowance per child for all children under 18 whose parents are unemployed or work in the informal economy for pay no more than the minimum wage, vital and mobile, including monotributistas.[37] This benefit was extended to pregnant women over 12 weeks gestation.

Along with these, there were also redistributive public policies, such as increasing the percentage of GDP spent on education which grew from 3.64% in 2003 to 6.02% in 2010. In absolute terms, increased from 14.501 million pesos in 2003 to 89,924,000 pesos in 2010, a 520% more. School construction, between 2003 and 2010 were built over a thousand schools benefiting half a million students, the second period of increased school construction in the history of Argentina.[38] It also promoted the adoption of the Law of mobility retirement, which sets a minimum of two annual increases in pensions. In addition, measures were taken as the recovery of Aerolineas Argentinas and Austral Airlines, which was proposed by a bill introduced by President Fernández to rescue companies, by approving the agreement between the National Government and the group Interinvest on 17 July 2008, whereby the Argentine government acquired the shares of these and other related companies. Also through another law, renationalized the Military Aircraft Factory (FMA), given under concession to U.S. company Lockheed Martin in 1995.[39] In 2009, the parliament sent the draft Law on Audiovisual Communication Services, which came to displace the old Media Law, which was passed by the de facto government of Jorge Rafael Videla. - The bill was debated in about 30 forums across the length and breadth of the country, which exposed citizens, journalists, owners of radio and TV channels, and managed to introduce some 140 amendments on a 150-points proposal. - Finally the bill was passed by a comfortable majority in both legislative chambers. - The project raged the government's confrontation with the major media outlets of Argentina, facing a strong campaign to discredit her image. - In 2011, the confrontation with the media worsened after boosting in parliament a bill to declare of public interest the manufacture of paper for newsprint. - Finally, the law was passed and Papel Prensa, the only producer of the product in Argentina, to then in the hands of the two major newspapers in the country, went on to provide the material at the same price to all who required it daily. - In terms of sovereignty, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has taken steps towards resuming negotiations with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands. - On 16 April 2012 announced the involvement in the oil company YPF (Fiscal Oilfields), whose majority stake was owned by the Spanish company Repsol, which had previously been questioned by deficiencies in oil supplies and new explorations. Also sent to Congress a bill to expropriate 51% of the shares and regain state control over the nonrenewable natural resource. - The announcement drew a resounding support from the public and most of the political spectrum, both the ruling party and opposition. - Finally, the draft became law by a large majority in both houses of parliament. -

Electoral history

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Presidential elections

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Election year Candidate(s) First Round Second Round Result Note
# votes % vote # votes % vote
2003 Néstor Kirchner 4,312,517 22.25 Unopposed Green tickY 2nd-R Unopposed a faction of PJ
2007 Cristina Kirchner 8,651,066 45.29 Green tickY Elected a faction of PJ
2011 Cristina Kirchner 11,865,055 54.11 Green tickY Elected a faction of PJ
2015 Daniel Scioli 9,338,490 37.08 12,317,330 48.66 Red XN Lost a faction of PJ

Congressional elections

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Chamber of Deputies

[edit]
Election year votes % seats won Total seats Position Presidency Note
2003 5,511,420 35.1
58 / 130
129 / 257
 Majority Eduardo Duhalde (PJ) including the other PJ factions
2005 5,071,094 29.9
50 / 127
75 / 257
 Minority Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2007 5,557,087
56 / 130
106 / 257
 Minority Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2009 1,679,084 8.8
14 / 127
70 / 257
 Minority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2011 10,121,311 49.1
76 / 130
90 / 257
 Minority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2013 7,487,839 33.2
42 / 127
132 / 257
 Majority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2015 8,237,074
60 / 130
96 / 257
 Minority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)

Senate elections

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Election year votes % seats won Total seats Position Presidency Note
2003 1,852,456 40.7
13 / 24
41 / 72
 Majority Eduardo Duhalde (PJ) including the other PJ factions
2005 3,572,361 45.1
14 / 24
14 / 72
 Minority Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2007 1,048,187
8 / 24
22 / 72
 Minority Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2009 756,695
4 / 24
12 / 72
 Minority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2011 5,470,241 54.6
13 / 24
24 / 72
 Minority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2013 1,608,866 32.1
11 / 24
40 / 72
 Majority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)
2015
12 / 24
39 / 72
 Majority Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Tobar, Hector (April 28, 2009). "Ex-chief leads in Argentine elections". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  2. ^ Cué, Carlos E. (November 23, 2015). "Macri gana en Argentina y pone fin al kirchnerismo tras 12 años". El País.
  3. ^ Peregil, Francisco (March 16, 2015). "El gran partido opositor argentino se une a la derecha en las presidenciales". El País.
  4. ^ Cué, Carlos E. (June 2, 2015). "El peronismo se reagrupa en torno al candidato oficialista". El País.
  5. ^ Cué, Carlos E. (8 November 2016). "Daniel Scioli: "En la calle me dicen 'tenías razón"". El País.
  6. ^ Cué, Carlos E. (22 November 2015). "Argentina vota este domingo la intensidad del cambio de ciclo". El País.
  7. ^ a b "Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff". The Guardian. November 23, 2015.
  8. ^ Lida, Miranda (2015-04-20). "Kirchnerismo, nacionalismo y tercermundismo". Criterio. ISSN 0011-1473.
  9. ^ Panizza, Francisco (2015-11-14). "Populism Social Democracy and the Tale of the Two Lefts in Latin America". In Spanakos, Anthony (ed.). Conceptualising Comparative Politics. Routledge. ISBN 978-131-575-939-5.
  10. ^ Kaufman, Alejandro (2011). "What's in a Name: The Death and Legacy of Néstor Kirchner". Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies. 20 (1): 103. doi:10.1080/13569325.2011.562635. S2CID 191567015.
  11. ^ "Fuerte voto castigo contra el kirchnerismo en todo el país". 12 August 2013.
  12. ^ Pagni, Carlos (23 November 2015). "Las dos incógnitas". El País.
  13. ^ Cué, Carlos E. (27 April 2015). "Las primarias de Buenos Aires consolidan la candidatura de Macri". El País.
  14. ^ "The end of populism". The Economist. November 26, 2015.
  15. ^ a b Solá, Joaquín Morales (29 November 2005). "Más kirchnerismo, más izquierda - LA NACION". La Nación.
  16. ^ a b "Argentina's Kirchner re-elected by landslide". Al Jazeera. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  17. ^ a b "Fernandez party retains congress". Daily Express. October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  18. ^ "Argentine : un second tour surprise pour la présidentielle". LEFIGARO (in French). 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  19. ^ "Daniel Scioli, el corredor de fondo del peronismo". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2015-10-22. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  20. ^ "Scioli prepara ya un Gobierno sin el sector duro del 'kirchnerismo'". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
  21. ^ "Argentine President Stumps for Congressional Candidates". Wall Street Journal. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2020. Speaking to thousands of supporters in a packed soccer stadium, Mrs. Kirchner stumped for the candidates who will represent her left-wing coalition, the FPV, in October's vote.
  22. ^ "Argentinian president Macri vows 'many reforms' after strong election result". The Guardian. October 24, 2017.
  23. ^ "Analysis: Latin America's new left axis". BBC Online. April 18, 2006. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  24. ^ "34 fuerzas políticas conforman la alianza del Frente para la Victoria". Todo Noticias (in Spanish). June 12, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  25. ^ "Argentina: Voter apathy delivers Fernandez victory". Green Left Weekly. November 9, 2007. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  26. ^ Barrionuevo, Alexei (June 30, 2009). "Governing party gets a drubbing in Argentina (fee to read article)". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  27. ^ Carr, Adam. "Legislative election of 2005". Election Archive. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  28. ^ "Frente para la Victoria Platform". Archived from the original on 2012-12-02.
  29. ^ "Kirchner decide pagar la deuda". Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  30. ^ es:Frente para la Victoria#cite note-4, Retrieved 18 October 2012
  31. ^ es:Frente para la Victoria#cite note-5
  32. ^ es:Frente para la Victoria#cite note-6, Retrieved 18 October 2012
  33. ^ "Confirmado: la candidata será." Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  34. ^ "Ciencia se transforma en Ministerio". Retrieved 18 October 2012.[permanent dead link]
  35. ^ "Resolución 125/2008". Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  36. ^ Seitz, Max (18 March 2008). "Argentina: Campo desafía a Cristina". BBC News.
  37. ^ "INFOLEG". servicios.infoleg.gob.ar.
  38. ^ "Construir en el pais como mil escuelas". Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  39. ^ "Reestatizan una empresa de aviones". Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
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