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List of largest peaceful gatherings

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This is a list of the largest historic peaceful gatherings of people in the world at one place for a single event.

Over ten million

[edit]
Event Date Participants Type Location Country Ref.
Ardh Kumbh Mela 4 February 2019 50 million Pilgrimage Prayagraj  India [1]
Maha Kumbh Mela 10 February 2013 30 million Pilgrimage Prayagraj  India [2]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2017 30 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [3][4]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2015 27 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [citation needed]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2023 22 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [1]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2022 21.2 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 17 Sep 2022 21 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [13][need quotation to verify]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2014 20 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [14][15][16]
Kumbh Mela 30 January 2001 20 million Pilgrimage Prayagraj  India [17]
Arba'een Pilgrimage September 2021 16.3 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [18]
Arba'een Pilgrimage October 2018 15.3 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [18]
Arba'een Pilgrimage October 2019 15.2 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [18]
Arba'een Pilgrimage January 2013 15–18 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [19][20]
Arba'een Pilgrimage January 2012 15 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [21][22]
Arba'een Pilgrimage January 2011 15 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [23]
Funeral of C. N. Annadurai 4 February 1969 15 million Funeral Tamil Nadu  India [24]
Arba'een Pilgrimage October 2020 14.6 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [18]
Kumbh Mela 15 January 2019 14 million Pilgrimage Prayagraj  India [25]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2017 14 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [26][27]
Martyrdom processions of Musa al-Kazim 2016 12 million Martyrdom processions Kadhimiya, Baghdad  Iraq [28][29]
Martyrdom processions of Musa al-Kazim 2015 12 million Martyrdom processions Kadhimiya, Baghdad  Iraq [30]
Arba'een Pilgrimage November 2016 11.2 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [18]
Funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini 6 June 1989 10.2 million Funeral Tehran  Iran [31]
Arba'een Pilgrimage 2009 10–14 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [citation needed]
Arba'een Pilgrimage January 2010 10 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [32][33][34]
Kumbh Mela 14 April 2010 10 million Pilgrimage Haridwar  India [35][need quotation to verify]
  • Approximately 50 and 30 million people attended the Allahabad Ardh Kumbh Mela in 2019 and Maha Kumbh Mela in 2013, respectively to bathe in the Ganges, making them the largest peaceful gathering events in the world.[1][2]
    Approximately 50 and 30 million people attended the Allahabad Ardh Kumbh Mela in 2019 and Maha Kumbh Mela in 2013, respectively to bathe in the Ganges, making them the largest peaceful gathering events in the world.[1][2]
  • People taking part in the Arba'een Pilgrimage
    People taking part in the Arba'een Pilgrimage
  • Attendees at the funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini
    Attendees at the funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini

Five to ten million

[edit]
Event Date Participants Type Location Country Notes Ref.
Celebration of General Douglas MacArthur after he was relieved of duty by President Harry S. Truman 20 April 1951 7.5 million Celebration New York City  United States [36]
Martyrdom anniversary of Imam Hussein October 2015 7-9 million Martyrdom anniversary Karbala  Iraq [37][38]
Mass on the Feast of Santo Niño at the apostolic and state visit of Pope Francis in the Philippines 18 January 2015 6-7 million Religious gathering Rizal Park, Manila  Philippines Largest papal crowd in history [39][40][41]
Feast of the Black Nazarene 9 January 2024 Over 6 million Religious holiday Manila  Philippines [42][43][44]
Mid-Sha'ban celebration 6 July 2012 Over 6 million Religious holiday Karbala  Iraq [45]
Feast of the Black Nazarene 9 January 2015 Over 5.5 million Religious holiday Manila  Philippines Ahead of Pope Francis' visit [46][47][48]
Mid-Sha'ban pilgrimage to the Shrine of Imam Hussein 20 July 2011 Over 5 million Pilgrimage Karbala  Iraq [49]
Appearance of Pope John Paul II at World Youth Day 1995 January 1995 Over 5 million Religious gathering Manila  Philippines Largest papal crowd in history until visit of Pope Francis to Manila on 18 January 2015 [50]
Chicago Cubs 2016 World Series parade 4 November 2016 Over 5 million Sports rally Chicago  USA The Cubs' victory marked their first World Series win since 1908 [51]

Two to five million

[edit]
Event Date Participants Type Location Country Notes Ref.
Democracy and Martyrs' Rally 7 August 2016 5 million Political rally Istanbul  Turkey 5 million according to Istanbul Police Department [52]
Parade celebrating Argentina national football team's victory at the 2022 FIFA World Cup December 2022 5 million Sports rally Buenos Aires  Argentina [53][54][55]
Death anniversary of Imam Kazim 30 June 2011 5 million Pilgrimage Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, Kadhimiyah  Iraq [56]
Funeral of Gamal Abdel Nasser 1 October 1970 5 million Funeral Cairo  Egypt [57][58]
Bishwa Ijtema 2010 5 million Religious holiday Dhaka  Bangladesh [59]
Makarajyothi 14 January 2007 5 million Religious holiday Sabarimala  India [60]
Rod Stewart Concert 31 December 1994 4.2 million Music performance Rio de Janeiro  Brazil [61]
Ashura 2010 Over 4 million Religious holiday Karbala  Iraq [62][better source needed]
Funeral of Umm Kulthum 6 February 1975 4 million Funeral Cairo  Egypt [63][64]
WorldPride 30 June 2019 4 million Celebration New York City  USA [65]
Pledge of allegiance to Imam Ali 16 November 2011 Over 3 million Political rally Najaf  Iraq [66]
CGIL labour reform protest 23 March 2002 Over 3 million Political rally Circus Maximus, Rome  Italy Against Silvio Berlusconi's conservative government's labour reform [67][68]
Nabakalebara Ratha Yatra 2015 Over 3 million Religious holiday Puri  India [69]
Jean-Michel Jarre Concert 1997 3.5 million Music performance Moscow  Russia Celebration of the 850th birthday of Moscow [citation needed]
Santo Niño de Cebú 19 January 2014 3.2 million Religious gathering Cebu City  Philippines [70][71][72]
Hajj to Mecca 2012 3.16 million Pilgrimage Mecca  Saudi Arabia [73]
Death anniversary of Muhammad and Imam Hassan 3 February 2011 3 million Religious gathering Najaf  Iraq [74]
Ramadan iftar 13 July 2013 3 million Religious gathering Imam Reza shrine, Mashhad  Iran Largest-ever iftar [75][better source needed]
Anti-war rally against the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq 15 February 2003 3 million Political rally Rome  Italy [76][77]
Benazir Bhutto's return from exile 1986 3 million Celebration Lahore  Pakistan The procession covered the 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) distance from the Lahore Airport to Minar e Pakistan in over ten hours [78]
Closing Mass of World Youth Day 2013 3 million Religious gathering Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro  Brazil [79]
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II 2 June 1953 3 million Celebration London  UK [80]
Boston Red Sox's 2004 World Series Win 30 October 2004 3 million Sports rally Boston  USA The victory ended an 86-year drought of World Series championships and ended the era of the famous Curse of the Bambino [81]
Closing Mass of World Youth Day 2016 2016 Up to 3 million Religious gathering Kraków  Poland [82][83]
New Year's Eve Party 31 December Over 2 million Celebration Copacabana Beach, Rio de Janeiro  Brazil World's largest New Year's Eve party [84]
Hajj to Mecca 2016 Over 2 million Pilgrimage Mount Arafat, Mecca  Saudi Arabia [85]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests 18 August 2019 Over 2 million Political rally Hong Kong Island  China Following the indefinite suspension of the controversial extradition bill, protestors asked the Hong Kong government to respond their 5 demands as well as protested against the abusive violence use of the city's police force and its collusion with the mobs. The organiser claimed a total number of attendees with over 1.7 million (only counting people in Causeway Bay and Tin Hau areas) while lot of people gathered around Wan Chai, Central and Sheung Wan. An estimated number of over 2 million people took part in the march. [86]
Hajj to Mecca November 2010 2.8 million Pilgrimage Mecca  Saudi Arabia Number excludes unregistered pilgrims, which were over 0.75 million [87]
Feast of the Black Nazarene January 2008 2.6 million Religious holiday Manila  Philippines [88]
Funeral of Puneeth Rajkumar 29 October 2021 2.5 million Funeral Bangalore  India [89]
Funeral of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani 10 January 2017 2.5 - 4.5 million Funeral Tehran  Iran [90][91][92]
Art of Living Silver Jubilee Celebration 2016 2.5 million Celebration Bangalore  India [93]
Beatification of Pope John Paul II 2 April 2005 2.5 million Religious gathering Błonia Park, Kraków  Poland [94]
São Paulo Gay Pride Parade June 2006 2.5 million Celebration São Paulo  Brazil [95]
Funeral of Mahatma Gandhi 31 January 1948 2.5 million Funeral New Delhi  India [96]
Funeral of Pope John Paul II 8 April 2005 2 - 4 million Funeral Vatican  Vatican [97][98]
Chicago Blackhawks 2013 Stanley Cup parade 2013 2 million Sports rally Chicago  USA [99]
Philadelphia Flyers 1974 Stanley Cup parade 1974 2 million Sports rally Philadelphia  USA [100]
Philadelphia Phillies 2008 World Series parade 31 October 2008 2 million Sports rally Broad Street, Philadelphia  USA [101]
Funeral of Ziaur Rahman 2 June 1981 2 million Funeral  Bangladesh [102][103]
Spain national football team 2010 FIFA World Cup parade 2010 2 million Sports rally Madrid  Spain [104]
Attukal Pongala 4 March 2007 2 million Religious holiday Attukal Temple, Kerala  India Largest gathering of women in history, overtaking the record set by the same festival on 23 February 1997 [105]
Baltic Way demonstration 23 August 1989 2 million Political rally Between Vilnius, Riga and Tallinn  Lithuania,  Latvia,  Estonia The demonstrators formed an uninterrupted 675 kilometres (419 mi) human chain [106]
Bicentennial of the May Revolution 25 May 2010 2 million Celebration 9 de Julio avenue, Buenos Aires  Argentina [107]
Funeral of Bal Thackeray 18 November 2012 2 million Funeral Mumbai  India 7 kilometres (4.3 mi)-long cortège [108][109]
Bishwa Ijtema 2001 2 million Religious holiday Dhaka  Bangladesh [110][non-primary source needed]
People Power Revolution February 1986 2 million Political rally Manila  Philippines Resulted in the downfall of President Ferdinand Marcos [111][112]
Funeral of Benigno Aquino Jr. 31 August 1983 2 million Funeral  Philippines [113]
Funeral of Corazon Aquino 5 August 2009 2 million Funeral  Philippines [113]
World Youth Day August 2000 2 million Religious gathering Rome  Italy [114]
Ashura 24 December 2013 2 million Religious gathering Raja Bazaar, Rawalpindi  Pakistan Gathering prior to the Ashura riots; commemoration of Chehlum of Imam Hussain. Despite threats from Takfiri groups against the assembled Shia Muslims, the Takfiris eventually were forced to retreat. [115]
Iglesia ni Cristo's 100th anniversary 27 July 2014 2 million Celebration Ciudad de Victoria  Philippines [116][117]
Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer 29 July 1981 2 million Wedding London  UK [118]
Ashura 9 August 2013 2 million Religious holiday Hussani Chuk Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan  Pakistan Commemoration of Majlis of Imam Hussain [citation needed]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests 16 June 2019 2 million Political rally Hong Kong Island  China Around 30% of the population protested Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam delaying a controversial extradition bill, calling on her to completely withdraw the legislation and resign. The crowd also protested against the violence of the city's police force towards the protestors on 12 June 2019. [119]
Toronto Raptors 2019 NBA Championship parade 17 June 2019 2 million Sports rally Toronto  Canada [120]
December 2016 Jakarta protests December 2016 2 million Political rally Monas, Jakarta  Indonesia The protests demanded the termination of the gubernatorial office held by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who had been accused as a suspect in the blasphemy case. [121]

One to two million

[edit]
Event Date Participants Type Location Country Notes Ref.
First inauguration of Barack Obama 20 January 2009 1.8 million Political rally Washington, DC  USA [123]
Rally for Catalan independence 11 September 2014 1.8 million Political rally Barcelona  Spain Protestors drew an 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) V-shaped Catalan flag with their red and yellow T-shirt. [124]
Madonna's Celebration Tour concert in Rio de Janeiro 4 May 2024 1.6 million Concert Copacabana beach, Rio de Janeiro  Brazil As closure for her Celebration tour, Madonna organised a free concert in Rio's Copacabana beach, gathering a crowd of 1.6 million. [125]
Support for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 1989 1.5 - 2 million Political rally Hong Kong  China The line of people extended from North Point to Sheung Wan, with all six lanes of King's Road (Hong Kong), Hennessy Road and Des Voeux Road crowded with people. Many underground MTR stations on Hong Kong Island were full of people and many people who could not participate in the demonstration above ground were stuck in the congested MTR stations, therefore the exact amount of demonstrators could only be estimated. [126]
Diretas Já Movement 1984 1.5 million Political rally São Paulo  Brazil Largest political protest in Brazil's history. [127]
San Francisco Pride 2013 1.5 million Celebration San Francisco  USA This occurred in the wake of the Supreme Court decisions on DOMA and Proposition 8. [128][129]
Live 8 Concert 2 July 2005 1.5 million Music performance Philadelphia  USA [130]
Funeral of Jawaharlal Nehru 1964 1.5 million Funeral Delhi  India [131]
2012 Catalan independence demonstration 11 September 2012 1.5 million Political rally Barcelona  Spain [132]
World Youth Day 2023 1 - 6 August 2023 1.5 million Religious gathering Lisbon  Portugal [133]
State funeral of the Duke of Wellington 18 November 1852 1.5 million Funeral London  United Kingdom The crowd had travelled from all over the United Kingdom by train and represented more than five percent of the total population [134]
World Youth Day 2011 16 - 21 August 2011 1.4 million Religious gathering Madrid  Spain [135]
Cleveland Cavaliers 2016 NBA Championship parade 22 June 2016 1.3 million Sports rally Cleveland  USA The victory ended a 52-year Cleveland sports curse. [136]
Pope John Paul II's papal mass in Ireland 29 September 1979 1.25 million Religious gathering Phoenix Park, Dublin  Ireland The estimated attendance was about one third of the population of Ireland. [137]
Mother of All Marches 19 April 2017 Over 1.2 million Political rally Across the country  Venezuela The demonstrations resulted from the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis. [138]
Anti-terrorism rally in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo shooting 11 January 2015 1.2 - 1.6 million Political rally Paris  France An additional 2.1 - 2.5 million people marched across the world in solidarity. This gathering was the largest in French history. [139]
Cedar Revolution 14 March 2005 1.2 million Political rally Beirut  Lebanon [140]
La marcha más grande de Chile 25 October 2019 1.2 million Political rally Santiago  Chile Part of a series of protests demanding a new constitution, reforms in Chile's education, healthcare and pension systems, among many other reforms. [141]
Sun Myung Moon's Yeouido rally 1975 1.2 million Religious gathering/political rally Yoido  South Korea [142]
Billy Graham Crusade 1973 Over 1.1 million Religious gathering Yoido Plaza, Seoul  South Korea [143][144]
Ashadhi Ekadashi Ongoing 1.1 - 1.5 million Pilgrimage Vitthal Temple, Pandharpur  India [145][146]
Yuvagarjana 5 November 2008 1.1- 1.5 million Political Meeting Guntur  India Largest Political Meeting in Indian History [147]
Funeral of Enrico Berlinguer 13 June 1984 Over 1 million Funeral Rome  Italy [148]
Love Parade 25 August 2007 Over 1 million Celebration Essen  Germany [149]
Anti-FARC protest 4 February 2008 Over 1 million Political rally Bogotá  Colombia [150]
Kashmir self determination memorandum 1 March 1990 Over 1 million Political rally UN Military Observer Group Headquarters, Srinagar  India [151][152]
Anniversary of Muhammad's death 10 December 2015 Over 1 million Religious gathering Imam Reza shrine, Mashhad  Iran [citation needed]
Samarra Pilgrimage 15 November 2016 Over 1 million Pilgrimage Al-Askari Shrine, Samarra  Iraq [153]
Toma de Caracas 1 September 2016 Over 1 million Political rally Caracas  Venezuela Protestors demanded a recall election against President Nicolás Maduro. The gathering was called the "largest demonstration in the history of Venezuela" with over 3% of the nation's entire population. [154]
Denver Broncos Super Bowl 50 parade 2015 Over 1 million Sports rally Denver  USA [155]
2019–20 Hong Kong protests 9 June 2019 1.03 million Political rally Hong Kong  China Protest against the 2019 Hong Kong extradition bill [156]
Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales 6 September 1997 1 million Funeral London  UK [157]
Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton 29 April 2011 1 million Wedding London  UK [158]
Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II 4 June 2002 1 million Celebration The Mall, London  UK [159]
Procession in commemoration of Hans Ji Maharaj 8 October 1970 1 million Commemoration New Delhi  India [160][161]
Beatification of Pope John Paul II 1 May 2011 1 million Religious gathering Saint Peter's Square  Vatican City [162][163][164]
2017 pro-jallikattu protests 21 January 2017 1 million Marina Beach, Chennai  India [165]
Anti-nuclear protests in the United States 12 June 1982 1 million Political rally Central Park, New York City  USA Call for an end to the Cold War arms race. It was the largest anti-nuclear protest and the largest political demonstration in American history. [166]
Pro-People's Vote on Brexit march 23 March 2019 1 million Political rally London (end point: Parliament Square)  UK [167]
Earth Day 22 April 1990 750,000 to 1.5 million Celebration Central Park, New York City  USA [168][169]

Methodology

[edit]

A method of determining how many people are at an event is the scientific analysis of photographs, video images, or both. Based on the quality of the image, it is possible to do a physical head count or to estimate attendance based on the density of people within similar areas. This permits the estimation of people over large areas or where parts of the image are obscured. An extensive discussion of how images were used to estimate the number of attendees at the Million Man March can be found at the Center for Remote Sensing at Boston University's website.[170] [147]

References

[edit]
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