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List of Arabic letter components

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This is a list of Arabic letter components used in Arabic script.

Table of Letter Components

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A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic.

MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic.

CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic.

AD = Letters used in some regional Arabic Dialects.

"Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.

"Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian.

FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.

SV = Stylistic variant: the letter is used interchangeably with at least one other letter depending on the calligraphic style.

AW = Arabic words: the letter is used in additional languages to spell Arabic words.


Table

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No additions

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Letter Line Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
positional forms isolated ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
start ء ا none ىـ (YNB) ٮـ حـ سـ صـ طـ عـ ڡـ (QF) ٯـ ڪـ كـ کـ گـ لـ مـ د ر و ھـ ہـ هـ لا
middle ء ـا none ـىـ (YNB) ـٮـ ـحـ ـسـ ـصـ ـطـ ـعـ ـڡـ (QF) ـٯـ ـڪـ ـكـ ـکـ ـگـ ـلـ ـمـ ـد ـر ـو ـھـ ـہـ ـهـ ـلا
end ء ـا ـے ـى ـں ـٮ ـح ـس ـص ـط ـع ـڡ ـٯ ـڪ ـك ـک ـگ ـل ـم ـد ـر ـو ـھ ـہ ـه ـلا
image of forms isolated
start
middle
end 		ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
Unicode for above U+0621 U+0627 U+06D2 U+0649 U+06BA U+066E U+062D U+0633 U+0635 U+0637 U+0639 U+06A1 U+066F U+06AA U+0643 U+06A9 U+06AF U+0644 U+0645 U+062F U+0631 U+0648 U+06BE U+06C1 U+0647 ا + ل
Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam Arabic Arabic Urdu Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Sindhi, Arabic SV Arabic Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV Farsi, Urdu Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Arabic Urdu, Arabic SV Urdu, Arabic SV Arabic, Farsi Arabic
diacritics (i) isolated ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
none start
mid
end 		ء ـا ا  ـــے ے   ىـ
ـىـ
ـى 		ـں ں ٮـ
ـٮـ
ـٮ 		حـ
ـحـ
ـح 		سـ
ـسـ
ـس 		صـ
ـصـ
ـص 		طـ
ـطـ
ـط 		عـ
ـعـ
ـع 		ڡـ
ـڡـ
ـڡ 		ٯـ
ـٯـ
ـٯ 		ڪــ
ـڪــ
ـڪ 		كـ
ـكـ
ـك 		کـ
ـکـ
ـک 		گـ
ـگـ
ـگ 		لـ
ـلـ
ـل 		مـ
ـمـ
ـم 		ـد د ـر ر ـو و ھـ
ـھـ
ـھ 		ہـ
ـہـ
ـہ 		هـ
ـهـ
ـه 		ـلا لا
Languages using the bare shape with no additions Arabic Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Urdu MSA Urdu, Arabic SV Arabic SV Rasm Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic SV in Rasm Arabic SV in Rasm Sindhi, Arabic SV Arabic Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Arabic, Farsi, Urdu Urdu, Arabic SV Urdu, Arabic SV Arabic, Farsi MSA
Unicode for above U+0621 U+0627 U+06D2 U+0649 U+06BA U+066E U+062D U+0633 U+0635 U+0637 U+0639 U+06A1 U+066F U+06AA U+0643 U+06A9 U+06AF U+0644 U+0645 U+062F U+0631 U+0648 U+06BE U+06C1 U+0647 ل + ا
Bare line in isolated and end forms only isolated ء ا ے ی ࢽ ٮ ح س ص ط ع ࢼ ࢻ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
start
mid
end 		یـ
ـیـ
ـی 		ࢽـ
ـࢽـ
ـࢽ 		ࢻـ
ـࢻـ
ـࢻ 		ࢼـ
ـࢼـ
ـࢼ
image
Languages
Unicode U+08BD U+08BB U+08BC

dots

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1 dot
[edit]
Diacritics (i) Letter Shapes:
(ii) 		ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
1 dot below   ◌࣭  ◌ٜ  ــٜـ   ﮳  isolated ء ا ے ى ں ب ج س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
connected بـ ـبـ ـب جـ ـجـ ـج
image
Languages
U+FBB3 U+065C Unicode U+0628 U+062C
1 dot above + 1 dot below  ﮲﮳  isolated ء ا ے ى ڹ ٮ ح ښ ۻ ط ۼ ڣ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ږ و ھ ہ ه لا
connected
image
Languages
Unicode
1 dot above ◌࣪ ﮲  isolated ء ا ے ى ن ٮ خ س ض ظ غ ف ڧ ڪ ك ک گ ل م ذ ز و ھ ہ ه لا
connected
image
Languages
U+FBB2 Unicode U+0646 U+062E U+0636 U+0638 U+063A U+0641 U+06A7 U+0630 U+0632
2 dots
[edit]
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
2 dots below
start and mid (iii) 		﮵ isolated form ء ا ے یـ ـیـ ـی ی ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Farsi, Urdu, AD
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 Unicode U+06CC
2 dots below
all positions 		﮵ isolated form ء ا ے يـ ـيـ ـي ي ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Arabic (iv)
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 Unicode U+064A
2 vertical dots below   ﮾    isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBBE Unicode
2 vertical dots above   ﮽    isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBBD Unicode
2 horizontal
dots above 		﮴ isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ت ح س ص ط ع ڡ ق ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ـۃ ـة لا
image
Languages
FBB4 Unicode U+062A U+0642 U+06C3 U+0629
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
﮴ ‎ above: 2 dots
﮵ ‎ below: 2 dots
﮽ ‎ above: 2 dots
(vertically)
﮾ ‎ below: 2 dots
(vertically)
U+08EB (2283) ◌࣫ TWO DOTS ABOVE
U+08EE (2286) ◌࣮ TWO DOTS BELOW
3 dots
[edit]
ث پ چ ژ ش ‎ Arabic & Persian
ݑ ڥ ڤ ڨ ڠ ڟ ڞ ۺ ڜ ڛ څ ڿ ۑ ۋ ڮ ڴ ڷ ڸ ‎ other pointing out
ݤ ڏ ݓ ݒ ݡ ݘ ݞ ‎ inverted
3 dots below (horizontal)

 ﮳ ﮳ ﮳ 

character ء ا ے ى ں ݐ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Fula
Unicode U+0750
3 dots below (inverted)  ﮷  character ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBB7 Unicode
3 dots below  ﮹  isolated form ء ا ے ى ں پ چ س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBB9 Unicode U+067E U+0686
3 dots above
+ 3 dots below 		 ﮹﮶  isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح ڜ ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBB6 + U+FBB9 Unicode
3 dots above  ﮶  isolated form ث ش ژ
image
Languages
U+FBB6 Unicode U+062B U+0634 U+0698
3 dots above (inverted)  ﮸  character ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
U+FBB8 Languages
Unicode
4 dots
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4 dots below  ﮻    isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ڀ ڇ س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBBB Unicode
4 dots above  ﮺    isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٿ ح ݜ ص ط ع ڦ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م ڐ ڙ و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Shina, Torwali Sindhi, Shina, Torwali
U+FBBA Unicode U+067F U+075C U+0690 U+0699
different dots above and below
[edit]
mixed dots
above + below 		isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ڿ ۺ ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

tōē

[edit]
small tōē
below 		﯁ isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ݮ س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
connected form(s) ݮـ ـݮـ ـݮ
image
Unicode U+076E
Languages Khowar
small tōē
above 		ـــؕــ   ﯀   ◌ؕ isolated form ء ا ے ى ڻ ٹ ݲ س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ࣇ   لؕ‎ م ڈ ڑ و ھ ہ ه لا
connected form(s)
image
Urdu Punjabi Torwali Languages Punjabi Urdu Torwali Punjabi[1] Urdu Urdu
U+0615 U+FBC0 Unicode U+06BB U+0679 U+0772 U+0688 U+0691
small tōē + dot(s) isolated form ء ا ے ى ݨ ٮ ح ݰ ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ݱ و ھ ہ ه لا
connected form(s)
image
Languages Punjabi, Seraiki, Shina Torwali Torwali
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

ring

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ring       isolated form ء ا ے ؠ ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ګ گ ل م ډ ړ ۄ ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
FBBF Unicode
ring and dots isolated form ء ا ے ى ڼ ټ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
Unicode
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

line

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horizontal line — isolated form ء ا ے ۍ ـۍ ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ؈ ڪ ك گ ݪ م د ݛ ۅ ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Punjabi, Marwari, Kalami Kirghiz
Unicode U+075B
multiple lines   ﮼     isolated form ۽ ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ࢦ ۾ د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
U+FBBC Unicode U+08A6
vertical line isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر

ۈ

ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages
Unicode

numeral

[edit]
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ك ڪ ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
Persian numeral 2 above ٢ ٢ isolated form ء ا ݺ ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر ݸ ھ ہ ه لا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski Burushaski
Unicode U+077A
Persian numeral 3 above ٣ ٣ isolated form ء ا ݻ ݶ ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077B
Persian numeral 4 above ۴ ۴ isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح ݽ ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077D
Persian numeral 4 below ۴ ۴ isolated form ء ا ے ݷ ں ٮ ݼ س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Burushaski Languages Burushaski
Unicode U+077C
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

arrows

[edit]
V below   ٚ     ٛ   isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ݕ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ڕ و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Wolof
U+065B U+065A Unicode
small V above ــٚـ ◌ٚ isolated form ء ا ے ێ ں ݖ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ڵ م د ڒ ۆ ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages Wolof
U+065A Unicode U+0756
inverted V above ــٛـ ◌ٛ isolated form ء ا ے ؽ ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م ۮ ۯ ۉ ۿ ہ ه لا
image
U+065B Unicode
Languages
arrow and dots isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Unicode
Languages

Hamza

[edit]
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
Hamza below ــٕـ ◌ٕ isolated form ء إ ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لإ
image
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted Languages
U+0655 Unicode U+0625 U+0644
+ U+0625
Hamza above ــٔـ ◌ٔ isolated form ء أ ۓ ئ ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر ؤ ھ ۂ ۀ لأ
image
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted Languages
U+0674 U+0654 Unicode U+0623 U+06D3 U+0626 U+0624 U+06C2 U+06C0 U+0644
+ U+0623
Hamza and dots isolated form ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Unicode
Languages

other semi-optional vowels

[edit]
maddah above ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ isolated form ء آ ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لآ
image
doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. Languages Arabic, Urdu
U+06E4 U+0653 Unicode U+0622
Wasala above isolated form ء ٱ ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا
image
Languages CA
none
(v) 		Unicode U+0671
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ڪ ك ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

blank line for new entries

[edit]
[edit]
diacritics (i) Letter Shapes (ii) ء ا ے ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ك ڪ ک گ ل م د ر و ھ ہ ه لا

Footnotes

[edit]

^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols".[2] The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.

^ii. For most letters the isolated form is shown, for select letters all forms (isolated, start, middle, and end) are shown.

^iii. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.

^iv. These characters are used by most languages that use writing systems based on Arabic, though sometimes only in foreign words.

^v. A Wasala diacritic Unicode character has been proposed but not yet released.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Lorna Priest Evans; M. G. Abbas Malik. "Proposal to encode ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE in the UCS" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Unicode Utilities: UnicodeSet Arabic pedagogical symbols". unicode.org. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Extended Arabic Letter". unicode.org. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  4. ^ "Based on ISO 8859-6". unicode.org. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
[edit]
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