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Margaret Mattson

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Margaret Mattson was one of two women tried and acquitted in Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania for witchcraft in 1683.[1][2]

Biography

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Nils and Margaret Mattson arrived in the colony of New Sweden in present-day southeastern Pennsylvania on May 22, 1654, on the ship Orn. They settled on land near Eddystone, Pennsylvania.[3][4]

Of Swedish-Finnish descent, Nils was a reputed healer working from Finnish tradition. In 1683, some of Margaret's neighbors claimed that she had bewitched cattle.[5]

Charges of practicing witchcraft were brought before the Pennsylvania Provincial Council on February 7, 1683 (under Julian calendar).[6] This occurred nineteen years after the Swedish territory became a British common law colony and subject to English Witchcraft Act 1603.[7]

Accused by several neighbors, as well as her own daughter in law, Mattson's alleged crimes included making threats against neighbors, causing cows to give little milk,[8] bewitching and killing livestock and appearing to witnesses in spectral form. On February 27, 1683, charges against Mattson and a neighbor Gertro (a.k.a. Yeshro) Jacobsson, wife of Hendrick Jacobsson, were brought by the Attorney General before a grand jury of 21 men overseen by the colony's proprietor, William Penn.[2] The grand jury returned a true bill indictment that afternoon, and the cases proceeded to trial.[6] A petit jury of 12 men was selected by Penn and an interpreter was appointed for the Finnish women, who did not speak English.[9] Penn barred the use of prosecution and defense lawyers, conducted the questioning himself, and permitted the introduction of unsubstantiated hearsay.[8] Penn himself gave the closing charge and directions to the jury, but what he told them was not transcribed. According to the minutes of the Provincial Council, dated February 27, 1683, the jury returned with a verdict of "Guilty of having the Comon Fame of a Witch, but not Guilty in manner and Forme as Shee stands Endicted."[8][10]

Thus Mattson was found guilty of having the reputation of a witch, but not guilty of bewitching animals. Neither woman was convicted of witchcraft. "Hence the superstitious got enough to have their thinking affirmed. Those less superstitious, and justice minded, got what they wanted."[11] The accused were released on their husbands posting recognizance bonds of 50 pounds and promising six months' good behavior.[12][6]

A popular legend tells of William Penn dismissing the charges against Mattson by affirming her legal right to fly on a broomstick, saying "Well, I know of no law against it."[1][8] The record fails to show any such commentary, but the story probably reflects popular views of Penn's socially progressive Quaker values.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b Witchcraft and Quakerism: A Study in Social History (Chapter IV, by Amelia Mott Gummere. Street Corner Society) [1] Archived 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b Martin, Sheila W. (September 7, 1969). "The Witch of Ridley Creek". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, PA. p. 34. Retrieved November 15, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  3. ^ History of Ridley Township, Pa. (from: A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. John W. Jordan, Published By Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York 1914) [2] Archived 2015-04-24 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Pennsylvania’s Only Witch Trial (from: Quakers in the World. Ideas for Educators) [3]
  5. ^ Some of The Famous Witch Trials In Pennsylvania (The Realness of Witchcraft In America. Northvegr Foundation) [4] Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b c "The Fame Of A Witch" (The Pennsylvania Lawyer. Craig R. Shagin, Published by the Pennsylvania Bar Association, September–October 2016) [5]
  7. ^ Statutes of the Realm, 1 Ja. 1, c. 12. (London 1817; repr. The Statutes, 3rd ed., London, 1950) "Witchcraft Statute of 1604 of James I". Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
  8. ^ a b c d Before Salem, a witch inquiry in Pennsylvania – The case offered William Penn a chance to show his tolerance Joseph S. Kennedy, Philadelphia Inquirer, August 1, 2004
  9. ^ Ashmeade, Henry Graham (1884). History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts & Co. pp. 229–230. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  10. ^ Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania..., vol. 1, J. Severns, Philadelphia: PA Provincial Council, 1852, pp. 95–96.
  11. ^ PA History Witch – Margaret Mattson was Profiled and Arrested in the 1680s, (by Tom Roy Smith, AKA The Ghost of William Penn. Delaware County Daily Times, October 15, 2013) [6]
  12. ^ The Century Magazine, (by J. M. Buckley. December 1891 Vol. XLIII, No. 2) "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2003-05-02. Retrieved 2003-04-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ Weird Pennsylvania. (by Matt Lake. New York: Sterling Publishers. 2005)

Other sources

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  • Jordan, John W. A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. (Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York. 1914)
  • Benson, Adolph B. and Naboth Hedin, eds. Swedes in America, 1638–1938 (The Swedish American Tercentenary Association. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1938) ISBN 978-0-8383-0326-9
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