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Anthony Poshepny

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Anthony Alexander Poshepny
Born(1924-09-18)September 18, 1924
Long Beach, California, U.S.
DiedJune 27, 2003(2003-06-27) (aged 78)
California, U.S.
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Central Intelligence Agency
Rank Sergeant (USMC)
Paramilitary Operations Officer (CIA)
UnitU.S. Marine Corps

Central Intelligence Agency

Battles/warsWorld War II Korean War
Permesta Rebellion
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
AwardsIntelligence Star (twice), Purple Heart (twice), Air Force Commendation Medal, Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Order of the Million Elephants and the White Parasol, Order of the White Elephant, Border Service Medal (Thailand) Parachutist Badge
Alma materSan Jose State University

Anthony Alexander Poshepny (September 18, 1924 – June 27, 2003), known as Tony Poe, was a CIA Paramilitary Operations Officer in what became the Special Activities Division (renamed Special Activities Center in 2016).[1] He was known for his service in Laos with Special Guerilla Units (SGUs) under the command of General Vang Pao, a U.S.-funded secret army in Laos during the Vietnam War, and is recognized as the possible primary inspiration for Colonel Kurtz in the movie Apocalypse Now.[2][3] [better source needed][note 1]

Early life and career

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Poshepny was born September 18, 1924, in Long Beach, California, to John Charles and Isabel M. (née Veriziano) Poshepny. His father was a United States Navy officer whose parents were immigrants from Bohemia. His mother was born in Guam.[5] When he was eight years old, his nine-year-old brother John accidentally shot him in the stomach with the family rifle, and he nearly bled to death.[6]

Shortly after turning 18, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, serving in the 2nd Marine Parachute Battalion and fighting in the 5th Marine Division on Iwo Jima.[7]

He received the Purple Heart twice and was a Sergeant by the time he was honorably discharged. Returning to civilian life, he enrolled at Saint Mary's College, before transferring to what is now San Jose State University. He contemplated going to work for the FBI. Graduating in 1950, he instead joined the CIA, where he was part of the first recruit class to receive all of its training at the new Camp Peary.[7] He was active in Korea during the Korean War, training refugees for sabotage missions behind communist lines. He also helped train Chinese Nationalist commandos for missions on the mainland.[citation needed]

Following the Korean war, Poshepny joined the Bangkok-based CIA front company Overseas Southeast Asia Supply (SEA Supply), which provided military equipment to Kuomintang forces based in Burma. In 1958, Poshepny tried unsuccessfully to arrange a military uprising against Sukarno, the president of Indonesia. From 1958 to 1960, he trained different special missions teams, including Tibetan Khampas and Hui Muslims at Camp Hale[8] for operations inside China against the Communist government. Carole McGranahan quotes Poe from an interview that the Tibetans he trained "... were the best I ever worked with."[9]

Laos

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The CIA was impressed by Poshepny's ability to train paramilitary forces quickly and awarded him the Intelligence Star in 1959. Two years later, working under Bill Lair, he was assigned with J. Vinton Lawrence to train Hmong hill tribes in Laos to fight the North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao forces which were then trying to take over that country. Poshepny gained the respect of the Hmong forces with practices that were considered barbaric by agency standards. He paid Hmong fighters to bring him the ears of dead enemy soldiers, and on at least one occasion mailed a bag of ears to the U.S. Embassy in Vientiane to verify his body counts.[10] He dropped severed heads onto enemy locations twice in a grisly psy-ops.[10] Though his orders again were only to train forces, he repeatedly went into battle with them and was wounded several times by shrapnel.[10]

Over the years, Poshepny became disillusioned with the U.S. government's management of the war. The CIA extracted Poshepny from Laos in 1970 and assigned him to a training camp in Thailand until his retirement in 1974. He received another Intelligence Star in 1975.

Retirement

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After the United States withdrew from Vietnam, Poshepny remained in Thailand with his Hmong wife and four children. He moved the family to California in the 1990s. He frequently appeared at Hmong veterans' gatherings and helped veterans immigrate and settle in the US. He freely admitted his controversial acts during the war to reporters and historians, saying they were a necessary response to Communist aggression.[citation needed] He died in California on June 27, 2003, aged 78.

A number of press stories have implied that Poshepny was the model for Colonel Walter Kurtz in the film Apocalypse Now.[11][12] [better source needed]Tony Poe and his colleagues from the CIA, including Jerry Daniels, pushed for a memorial to the Hmong that fought with the United States in Laos and were successful. That memorial was established in Arlington National Cemetery on Memorial Day of 2018.[13]

A new section devoted to Tony Poe is now being displayed at the Patpong Museum in Bangkok, Thailand.[3]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola himself denies that Poe was a primary influence and says the character was loosely based on Special Forces Colonel Robert B. Rheault, who was the actual head of 5th Special Forces Group (May to July 1969), and whose 1969 arrest over the murder of suspected double agent Thai Khac Chuyen in Nha Trang generated substantial contemporary news coverage in the Green Beret Affair.[4]

References

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  1. ^ "Measuring Change at the CIA". May 4, 2016.
  2. ^ Kurlantzick, Joshua (January 23, 2017). "'America In Laos' Traces The Militarization Of The CIA" (Interview). Fresh Air. National Public Radio. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Discover".
  4. ^ Isaacs, Matt (November 17, 1999). "Agent Provocative". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
  5. ^ US Census 1830, Vallejo, Solano Co., California, John C. Poshepny, Enumerator's District 48-49, Supervisor's District 5, Sheet 6B, line 86
  6. ^ Kurlantzick, Joshua (2016). A Great Place to Have a War: America in Laos and the Birth of a Military CIA. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4516-6789-9.
  7. ^ a b Leary, William L. "Death of a Legend". Air America Archive. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
  8. ^ "How the Dalai Lama staged a dramatic escape from Tibet to India in 1959". February 5, 2020.
  9. ^ McGranahan, Carole (September 12, 2014). ""Love and Empire: The CIA, the Dalai Lama, and Arrested Histories of the Tibetan Resistance Army"" (mp3 audio recording at minute 24.00). Indiana University, Inner Asian & Uralic National Resource Center, School of Global and International Studies, Hosted by the Center for American and Global Security. We don't talk about that. No comment, no comment, no fucking comment, but those Khampas were the best people I ever worked with.
  10. ^ a b c "'America In Laos' Traces The Militarization Of The CIA". NPR. January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  11. ^ Ehrlich, Richard S (July 8, 2003). "CIA operative stood out in 'secret war' in Laos". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  12. ^ Isaacs, Matt (November 17, 1999). "Agent Provocative". SF Weekly. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
  13. ^ "Lao, Hmong Veterans of Vietnam War Honored at National Events by U.S. Congress, Trump White House, VA" (Press release). May 29, 2018.

Declassified reading

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Further reading

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