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Q111, Q113, and Q114 buses

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For additional information on the current bus services, see List of bus routes in Queens.

q111, q114
q113, q114
Jamaica−Far Rockaway line
Several XD60s on the Q111, Q113, and Q114
Three 2016 New Flyer Articulated XD60s in Jamaica, Queens: 5392 on the Q111 to Cedarhurst, 5432 on the Q113, and 5434 on the Q114
Overview
SystemMTA Regional Bus Operations
OperatorMTA Bus Company
GarageBaisley Park Depot
VehicleNew Flyer Xcelsior XD60
(main vehicle)
Orion VII NG HEV
Nova Bus LFS (supplemental service)
Began service1897 (trolley line)
1930 (Rockaway-Nassau bus)
1933 (full bus route)
Route
LocaleQueens and Nassau County, New York, U.S.
Communities servedQueens: Jamaica, South Jamaica, Springfield Gardens, Rosedale, Far Rockaway
Nassau County: Woodmere, Cedarhurst, Inwood, Lawrence[1]
StartJamaica, Queens – Parsons Boulevard & Hillside Avenue
ViaGuy R. Brewer Boulevard, 147th Avenue (Q111), Rockaway Boulevard (Q113, Q114), Nassau Expressway (Q113)
EndQ111: Q113/Q114: Far Rockaway, Queens – Seagirt Boulevard & Beach 20th Street
LengthQ111: 6.5 miles (10.5 km)[1]
Q113/Q114: 12 miles (19 km)[1][2][3]
Service
Operates24 hours (Q111, Q114)[note 1][note 2][4][5]
Annual patronageQ111: 2,420,076 (2023)[6]
Q113: 730,543 (2023)[6]
Q114: 1,338,411 (2023)[6]
TransfersYes
TimetableQ111 Q113/Q114
← Q110
← Q112		  {{{system_nav}}}  S40 (Staten Island) →

The Q111, Q113, and Q114 bus routes constitute a public transit line between the Jamaica and Far Rockaway neighborhoods of Queens, New York City, running primarily along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard. The Q113 and Q114 provide limited-stop service between Jamaica and Far Rockaway, connecting two major bus-subway hubs, and crossing into Nassau County. The Q111 provides local service exclusively within Queens, with the exception of select rush-hour trips to or from Cedarhurst in Nassau County. Some of the last bus routes to be privately operated in the city, they are currently operated by the MTA Bus Company brand of MTA Regional Bus Operations. The Q113 and Q114 are one of the few public transit options between the Rockaway peninsula and "mainland" New York City.

The corridor was originally a streetcar line that began operation in 1897, referred to as the Far Rockaway line,[7][8] Jamaica−Far Rockaway line,[9] Far Rockaway−Jamaica line[10] or Jamaica and Far Rockaway line.[10] In 1933, the railroad company reorganized as Jamaica Buses and began operating buses (the predecessor to the Q113) along the route under a franchise with New York City. The Q111 and Q113 would be operated under a subsidy of the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) until January 2006, when Jamaica Buses was absorbed by the MTA Bus Company. On August 31, 2014, the Q114 was split from the Q113 to provide additional limited-stop service.

Route description and service

[edit]
Two XD60s: one 2016 (5408) on the Jamaica-bound Q111 (top) terminating, and one 2015 (5367) on the Q114 Limited to Far Rockaway via 147th Avenue (bottom) at Parsons Boulevard/88th Avenue in Jamaica.

Streetcar route

[edit]

The original streetcar line began at a terminal at 160th Street (at that time known as Washington Street)[8] and Jamaica Avenue.[11] The terminal was later moved east to what is now 168th Street when the New York City Subway's BMT Jamaica Line was extended to the area in 1918.[12][13][14] The route ran south down New York Avenue through southeast Queens, then connected to Nassau County along Rockaway Road and the Jamaica and Rockaway Turnpike. It then traveled west along several local streets before reentering Queens and terminating at Mott Avenue at the Far Rockaway station of the Long Island Rail Road's Far Rockaway Branch (now the Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue station of the Rockaway subway line).[7][8][15][16][17] The line terminated at the Far Rockaway station's plaza and trolley terminal, which was shared with the lines of the Ocean Electric Railway.[18][19] Short-run service was operated between Jamaica and Farmers Avenue (now Farmers Boulevard) or Hook Creek at the county line;[7] similar short-turn service is currently employed by the Q111 bus.[4][20] Originally single-tracked,[8][16] the line gained a second track between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard beginning in 1911.[8][15][21]

Current bus service

[edit]

The current Q113 and Q114 routes largely follow the original trolley route, with some exceptions. Prior to June 2019, the Q114 turned onto 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard near the Queens-Nassau County line before following the Nassau County route to Far Rockaway. The Q113 routing, running the original route between Jamaica and the county line, bypasses most of the Nassau County route via the southern portion of the Nassau Expressway and Central Avenue. Since June 2019, the Q114 operates along the same route as the Q113 between Jamaica and the Nassau Expressway, because of flooding problems along southern Brookville Boulevard.[1][5][22][23][24] South of the Far Rockaway subway station, both routes travel along Mott Avenue, Cornaga Avenue, Beach 9th Street, and Seagirt Boulevard to Beach 20th Street near the Wavecrest Gardens Apartments;[5][22][23][24] this extension was added in the 1950s.[25] Both the Q113 and Q114 are direct successors to the streetcar line,[12][26][27] and make limited stops along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard in Queens.[note 2][1][5][22][23][24]

A 2023 NovaBus LFS (8965) on the Jamaica-bound Q111, used as a supplement to the articulated fleet

The Q111 runs local south along Brewer Boulevard and east along 147th Avenue, terminating at Francis Lewis Boulevard in Rosedale, Queens near the border with South Valley Stream in Nassau County. Alternating Q111 buses short turn at Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens during daytime hours. Select weekday runs of the Q111 continue past Rosedale into Nassau County, turning south and west via Peninsula Boulevard and ending at Rockaway Turnpike in Cedarhurst.[4][24][28][29] The Q111 route along 147th Avenue and in Nassau County mirrors the original planned routing of the trolley line, which was never constructed.[4][8][24][28][29]

Many roads along the routes have been renamed. New York Avenue would later become New York Boulevard, and was renamed Guy R. Brewer Boulevard in 1982 after local politician Guy Brewer.[30][31] Rockaway Road and the Jamaica and Rockaway Turnpike are now called Rockaway Boulevard (in Queens) and the Rockaway Turnpike (in Nassau).[7][16][32][33]

History

[edit]
A former Bee-Line Bus System 1996 Orion V (167) on the Q113, which just ended its trip at the Seagirt Boulevard terminus in Far Rockaway (top), and an Orion VII OG HEV (3649) on the Farmers Blvd-bound Q111 at Parsons Blvd/Jamaica Ave (bottom). Both buses are retired.

As a streetcar line

[edit]

The streetcar line was originally operated by the Long Island Electric Railway (LIER), which was incorporated in 1894. On October 11 of that year, the company applied for a line between the then-Long Island towns of Jamaica, Hempstead, and Far Rockaway.[7][8][16][27] Construction of the line began in 1895 along with the company's streetcar line along Liberty Avenue.[16][34][35] As originally planned, the line would have been long and circuitous south of 147th Avenue, traveling east into Rosedale and Valley Stream, then back west towards Far Rockaway. The more direct Rockaway Turnpike route was ultimately selected, after the company secured exclusive rights to use the road.[8] While the company's other three lines began operation in 1896, the Far Rockaway line was delayed due to construction over swampy land near the Queens-Nassau border, and disputes with the Long Island Rail Road over the crossing with the LIRR's Montauk Branch.[8] The first portion of the line between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard began on September 1, 1896, operating on Sundays only.[8][9] Service was extended south to Farmers Boulevard on May 2, 1897.[9] The full line to Far Rockaway began operations on June 6, 1897.[8][16][27]

On October 13, 1899, the LIER was purchased by the New York & North Shore Railway Company (a subsidiary of the New York and Queens County Railway), which operated the Flushing–Jamaica Line along today's 164th Street.[9][27] On March 12, 1900, through service on the combined routes began between Flushing and Far Rockaway.[8] This service ended on August 1, 1901 after the LIER was bought out by the Hogan Brothers, a group of trolley line surveyors who worked on both the Flushing and Far Rockaway lines.[8] A second track was added to the line between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard in 1903.[8] The LIER would become part of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) on January 19, 1906.[7][8] The interest of IRT owner August Belmont, Jr. (builder of Belmont Park served by another LIER line) originated from the popularity of the Far Rockaway line during summer months to the resorts on the Rockaway peninsula, and its service to the Jamaica Race Course in modern-day Rochdale Village, Queens.[8] Much of the rest of the route had yet to be paved or settled, with trolleys stopping at major farmhouses and fields as opposed to intersections. The tracks along Rockaway Boulevard were susceptible to washout due to marshy land and the tidal conditions of Hook Creek.[8]

In October 1914, a second track began operation between Jamaica and Linden Boulevard.[8][15] In 1916, New York City took over the rights to Rockaway Boulevard/Rockaway Turnpike, paving and grading the road. The western half of the road was widened, while the eastern half on which the trolley line resided retained its original width.[8] In 1917, the line would receive automatic block signaling and iron trolley poles to replace the original wooden ones.[8]

Decline and conversion into bus service

[edit]
Alternate Q111 buses, like this 2016 XD60 (5424) at Parsons Blvd/Jamaica Ave pictured here, short-turn at Farmers Boulevard in Springfield Gardens.

Following labor and material shortages due to World War I, the line and its rolling stock fell into disrepair, leading to complaints from passengers, increased headways between trips, and high employee turnover.[8][10] On July 6, 1921, a fire broke out at the company's trolley barn at New York Avenue and Linden Boulevard in Cedar Manor (modern-day South Jamaica/Springfield Gardens), destroying much of the company's rolling stock. The railway went bankrupt and was sold in 1926 by the company's debtors, the Bank of Manhattan (now part of JPMorgan Chase), reorganizing as the Jamaica Central Railways in March of that year.[8][27] As part of the reboot, one mile of new track was installed along the Far Rockaway line, including an extension of the second New York Boulevard track south to Farmers Boulevard.[8][15] The line retained its popularity due to housing booms in South Jamaica and other neighborhoods along the route.[8]

Around this time, many streetcar lines in Queens and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of city's three primary transit companies in June 1940.[8][36] On April 21, 1931, Jamaica Central created a subsidiary known as Jamaica Buses, Inc. to convert its trolley lines to bus franchises.[27] The Rockaway-Nassau portion of the Far Rockaway route began operating as a bus line (without a franchise) in September 1930, with the streetcar line between Jamaica and the county line continuing to operate.[8][17] On November 12, 1933 the full route began operations as a single bus line.[8][12] The Jamaica-Far Rockaway service would become "Route B".[26][37] Due to the length of the route, it originally operated on a two-zone (then-ten cent) fare,[38] as did the streetcar route before it.[8] Additional buses were run between Jamaica and Baisley Boulevard at the Jamaica Racetrack.[39] Beginning on June 15, 1935, during summer months (June to September) the route was extended south from Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Avenue (now Seagirt Boulevard) to serve Ostend Beach, Roche Beach, and other beaches on the southern coast of the Rockaway peninsula.[40][41][42] The northern terminal was moved from Jamaica Avenue to the Parsons Boulevard station of the IND Queens Boulevard Line on Hillside Avenue on April 24, 1937.[25][43] On October 10, 1938, overnight service was initiated on the route, running between Jamaica and either Farmers Boulevard or the Nassau County line at Hook Creek.[44]

On April 20, 1952, the route was extended full-time from the Far Rockaway station to Seagirt Boulevard, in order to serve the Wavecrest Gardens Apartments, and following the disruption of LIRR service between the Rockaway Peninsula and mainland Queens.[25][45] At this time, the route was split into Route B (Jamaica-Hook Creek) and Route D (Far Rockaway), in addition to the special Jamaica Racetrack service (Route H).[45][46] Around 1960, Route D was renamed the Q113, and Route B became the Q111 route between Jamaica and the intersection of New York Boulevard (Brewer Boulevard) and 147th Avenue. In July of that year, an extension of the Q111 was approved, creating its current routing in Rosedale and Nassau County.[47][48] At some point after 1975, the Q113 was rerouted from Rockaway Boulevard to Brookville Boulevard south of 147th Avenue.[5][49] This was due to the crash of Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 on June 24, 1975, which shut down Rockaway Boulevard for some time;[50] the change to the Q113 route was made permanent around this time. On December 11, 1988, the travel path of the Q111 and Q113 in Downtown Jamaica was altered to serve the newly opened Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer subway station.[51]

MTA takeover

[edit]
A 2016 New Flyer Xcelsior XD60 (5400) on the Q113 at Seagirt Boulevard in Far Rockaway having just completed its trip, with the new 2016 livery.

On January 30, 2006, the MTA Bus Company took over operations of the Jamaica Bus routes.[1][52][53][54] At this time, the Q113 ran two services: the Q113 local, which made all stops, and the Q113 Limited (also known as the "Q113 Express"), which skipped all stops between Rockaway Turnpike at the Queens–Nassau border and the Far Rockaway LIRR station. The limited service only ran during weekday rush hours.[20][29][55][56] On March 12, 2007, the limited-stop service was expanded to midday hours and Saturdays, and limited stops were added to the route along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard. The Q113 limited was also shifted in Nassau County from Sheridan Boulevard and Burnside Avenue onto the Nassau Expressway.[55][57][58][59] In addition, the Q113 local was expanded to 24-hours a day at this time.[60] On July 3, 2011, the Q113 Limited was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto the more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line. As part of the change, two limited stops (Springfield Lane/222nd Street on 147th Avenue, and 147th Road on Brookville Boulevard) were eliminated, becoming local-only stops, while a limited stop at 147th Avenue and Brewer Boulevard was added for the Q113 Limited.[2][61] In late 2012, the Q113 local was routed away from the Far Rockaway LIRR station at Nameoke Street, instead traveling directly to the Mott Avenue subway station.[3]

On August 31, 2014, the Q113 local was converted into a limited-stop service called the Q114, running along Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, 147th Avenue, and Brookville Boulevard, and local in Nassau County and the Rockaways. The limited stops eliminated in 2011 were restored for Q114 service, with two additional limited stops added.[1][62] The 2007, 2011, and 2014 changes had originally been proposed in a Urbitran Associates study for the New York City Department of Transportation in 2004, when the bus routes were privately operated.[29] On January 4, 2015, Q114 local service was expanded into evening hours, and Q114 local service now began operating after Q113 Limited service ends.[63] On February 1, 2015, Q114 Limited service started stopping at 147th Avenue and 230th Place (Jamaica-bound) and 147th Avenue and 230th Street (Far Rockaway-bound).[64] In 2016, the corridor began operating low-floor articulated buses in conjunction with its standard-length fleet. This was planned going back to 2012.[65][66][67] In August 2016, the MTA announced plans to eventually convert the Q113 into a Select Bus Service (SBS) route;[68][69] this had been previously proposed by the Pratt Center for Community Development.[70][71]

In April 2017, the MTA announced its intention to modify the Q114's route in Nassau County in order to speed up service. West of Lawrence Avenue, the route would continue westward on Mott Avenue instead of turning south on Lawrence. The Q114 would instead turn southwest onto Nassau Expressway before turning northwest onto Bayview Avenue, eliminating a zigzagged route along Lawrence Avenue, Wanser Avenue, and Doughty Boulevard.[72] The new routing was implemented on July 2, 2017.[73] The reroute eliminated four bus stops in the Inwood neighborhood.[72][73][74] On January 6, 2019, the southern terminal for Jamaica-bound buses was shifted to Seagirt Boulevard and Crest Road from Beach 20th Street and Seagirt Boulevard.[75] On June 30, 2019, Q114 service was shifted from 147th Avenue and Brookville Boulevard onto a more direct route via Rockaway Boulevard between the end of Brewer Boulevard and the Nassau County line due to regular tidal flooding on Brookville Boulevard.[76] As part of the change, four limited stops (222nd Street on 147th Avenue, 230th Street/230th Place on 147th Avenue, 147th Road and Brookville Boulevard, and 148th Road and Brookville Boulevard) were discontinued. Service at the stops along 147th Avenue would continue to be served by the Q111, while service was entirely discontinued at the stops along Brookville Boulevard.[77]

In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network.[78][79] As part of the redesign, the Guy R. Brewer Boulevard routes would have been replaced with a "high-density" limited-stop route, the QT13, and an "intra-borough" route, the QT19. Two "subway connector" routes would have also run on the corridor with a non-stop section on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard: the QT43, taking over part of the old Q85 to Rosedale, and the QT45, taking over part of the old Q114 to 147th Avenue.[80] The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City in 2020,[81] and the original draft plan was dropped due to negative feedback.[82] A revised plan was released in March 2022.[83] As part of the new plan, the Q111 and Q114 will instead become "rush" routes with nonstop sections on Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, stopping only at major intersections and transfer points, with a new Q115 route making local stops on the corridor. However, the Peninsula Boulevard Q111 trips and the Q113 would be discontinued.[84] A final Queens bus-redesign plan was released in December 2023.[85][86] The Q111 and Q114 would still become "rush" routes with limited-stop sections, and the new Q115 route would make local stops on the corridor, but the Q111's Peninsula Boulevard trips would be retained.[87]: 392–393, 400–401, 404–405 

Incidents

[edit]

On October 14, 1995, an out-of-control car collided head-on with a Q113 bus along the narrow Brookville Boulevard. The accident killed two of the people in the car as well as injured 25 people on the bus, three of them critically.[88]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Q113 operates all times except early mornings and nights
  2. ^ a b Q114 operates local during early mornings and nights

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting July 2014" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 28, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  2. ^ a b "MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting April 2011" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  3. ^ a b "MTA Bus Operations Committee Meeting July 2012" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d MTA Regional Bus Operations. "Q111 bus schedule".
  5. ^ a b c d e MTA Regional Bus Operations. "Q113/Q114 bus schedule".
  6. ^ a b c "Subway and bus ridership for 2023". mta.info. April 29, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f New York (State). Legislature. Senate (1920). New York Legislative Documents: One Hundred and Forty-Third Session. pp. 159–161.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Seyfried, Vincent F. (1961). "Full text of "Story of the Long Island Electric Railway and the Jamaica Central Railways, 1894-1933 /"". archive.org. F. E. Reifschneider. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d Seyfried, Vincent F. (1950). "Full text of "New York and Queens County Railway and the Steinway Lines, 1867-1939."". archive.org. Vincent F. Seyfried. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  10. ^ a b c Long Island Editor (July 18, 1920). "Far Rockaway-Jamaica Car Line Service Causes Howl". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. p. 46. Retrieved December 20, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. {{cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ Stephen L. Meyers (2006). Lost Trolleys of Queens and Long Island. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-4526-4.
  12. ^ a b c "Jamaica Buses To Inaugurate New Service: Ceremony Will Be Held Tomorrow in Opening Routes to Southeast". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. November 10, 1933. Retrieved October 13, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ New York Times, New Subway Line: Affords a Five-Cent Fare Between Manhattan and Jamaica, L.I., July 7, 1918, page 30
  14. ^ "Rapid Transit Extension: Frequent Trains and Low Fares All the Way to Rockaway Junction". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 24, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ a b c d Seyfried, Vincent F. (1961). "Long Island Electric R'Y. (Jamaica Central R'YS) With N.Y. + L.I. Traction Connections..." archive.org. F. E. Reifschneider. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
  16. ^ a b c d e f New York (State). Legislature. Senate (1913). Documents of the Senate of the State of New York: One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Session 1913. pp. 593–603.
  17. ^ a b "Bus Line Seeking Inwood Franchise". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. October 12, 1931. p. 19. Retrieved October 13, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ Lucev, Emil (June 18, 2010). "Historical Views of the Rockaways: The old Far Rockaway Station Plaza, Mott and Central Avenues, 1922". rockawave.com. The Wave. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  19. ^ Lucev, Emil (October 8, 2010). "Historical Views of the Rockaways: The LIRR Depot and Plaza Far Rockaway, New York … 1912". rockawave.com. The Wave. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Appendix B: Route Profiles" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  21. ^ New York (State). Legislature. Senate (1916). Documents of the Senate of the State of New York: One Hundred and Thirty-Ninth Session. pp. 723–724.
  22. ^ a b c "MTA Bus Time: Q113 Guy Brewer Blvd - Nassau Expwy Ltd". mta.info. MTA Bus Time.
  23. ^ a b c "MTA Bus Time: Q114 Guy Brewer Blvd Ltd - Rockaway Tpk". mta.info. MTA Bus Time.
  24. ^ a b c d e "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  25. ^ a b c "New Apartments Benefit by Bus To Subway Line". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 20, 1952. p. 35. Retrieved October 12, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ a b "Pick Tentative Bus Operators; Queens Objects: Board Selects North Shore and Jamaica Firms-Hearing July 10". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 19, 1931. p. 2. Retrieved October 12, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "Company Profile". Jamaica Buses, Inc. Archived from the original on January 25, 2006. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  28. ^ a b "MTA Bus Time: Q111 Guy Brewer Blvd - 147th Ave". mta.info. MTA Bus Time.
  29. ^ a b c d Urbitran Associates, Inc (May 2004). "NYCDOT Bus Ridership Survey and Route Analysis Final Report: Chapter 4 Operating and Financial Performance" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  30. ^ Fraser, Lisa A. (November 11, 2010). "Guy R. Brewer Blvd.: in honor of a fighter". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  31. ^ "NYC STREETS FEATURING FULL NAMES". Forgotten New York. November 17, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
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  33. ^ Digital Collections, The New York Public Library. "(still image) Plate 41: Bounded by Bergen Landing Road, Rockaway Plank Road, Rockaway Turnpike, Meyer Avenue, New York Avenue, Farmers Avenue, Rockaway Plank Road, (Idlewild Park)Three Mile Road and (Richmond Hill Circle) Old South Road., (1909)". The New York Public Library, Astor, Lennox, and Tilden Foundation. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
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  35. ^ "Long Island Electric: Work Begun on its Trolley Road to Jamaica". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Jamaica, Long Island. April 8, 1896. Retrieved December 20, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ Sparberg, Andrew J. (October 1, 2014). From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA. Fordham University Press. ISBN 978-0-8232-6190-1.
  37. ^ "All Transportation Lines Lead to Jamaica" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. March 31, 1943. p. 9. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  38. ^ "Jamaica Bus Lines Get Queens Grant: 25-year Franchise is Boted by Board for Four Routes-City to Receive 5%" (PDF). The New York Times. July 22, 1933. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  39. ^ "2,500 Wait in Rain for Track Bus" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. October 8, 1945. pp. 1–2. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  40. ^ "Jamaica Bus Service Direct to Ostend Beach: On the Ocean Front at Far Rockaway" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. June 15, 1935. p. 5. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  41. ^ "Jamaica Buses Asks Franchise Renewal" (PDF). Wave of Long Island. Fultonhistory.com. May 6, 1943. p. 1. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  42. ^ "Far Rockaway Bus Service is Curtailed: Jamaica Line Restrained From Proceeding Past Mott Avenue" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. August 10, 1937. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  43. ^ Jamaica Buses, Inc. (April 24, 1937). "New Subway and Jamaica Buses: Service Effective 1 P.M. Saturday, April 24" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  44. ^ "Buses to Run All Night to Hook Creek: Civic Association Informed of Extra Service to South Side" (PDF). Long Island Daily Press. Fultonhistory.com. October 10, 1938. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  45. ^ a b "Legal Notice" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. July 11, 1952. p. 11. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  46. ^ "Legal Notices" (PDF). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Fultonhistory.com. June 23, 1958. p. 17. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  47. ^ "2 Bus Routes Extended: Both Run Between Jamaica and Far Rockaway" (PDF). The New York Times. July 30, 1960. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  48. ^ "Legal Notices" (PDF). Long Island Star-Journal. Fultonhistory.com. February 21, 1959. p. 5. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  49. ^ "1975 Queens Bus Map". wardmaps.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1975. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  50. ^ Pugh, Thomas; Browne, Arthur; Singleton, Donald (June 25, 1975). "Jet crashes at Kennedy Airport during a thunderstorm in 1975". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  51. ^ Queens Subway Options Study, New York: Environmental Impact Statement. United States Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Urban Mass Transit Administration. May 1984. pp. 83–. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  52. ^ Silverman, Norman (July 26, 2010). "The Merger of 7 Private Bus Companies into MTA Bus" (PDF). apta.com. American Public Transportation Association, Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  53. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (April 23, 2005). "City to Buy Private Bus Company for Service in Three Boroughs". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
  54. ^ Manley, Jennifer (February 2, 2006). "Hope For Better Service As MTA Absorbs Jamaica Buses". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  55. ^ a b Rosenberg, Miriam (March 16, 2007). "New Routes For Old Bus Lines". Wave of Long Island. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
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  58. ^ Urbitran Associates, Inc (May 2004). "NYCDOT Bus Ridership Survey and Route Analysis Final Report: Chapter 3 Transit System Characteristics" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  59. ^ "MTA Bus Service Changes". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 2007. Archived from the original on March 18, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  60. ^ "Q111/Q113 Bus Timetable: Effective Summer 2007" (PDF). MTA Bus Company. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  61. ^ "Planned Service Changes: Q113 LTD". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2011. Archived from the original on January 9, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  62. ^ Soto, Juan (August 29, 2014). "New Q114 bus line ready for first riders". Times Ledger. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
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