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Boston City Council tenure of Ayanna Pressley

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Ayanna Pressley was first elected to the Boston City Council in November 2009 and served from January 2010 until joining the United States House of Representatives in January 2020. Upon being sworn in as a city councilor on January 4, 2010, she became the first woman of color to serve in the Boston City Council up to that point.

Pressley was one of the more liberal members of the council. She placed a strong focus to women's and children's issues during her tenure. She also focused on liquor license reform, protections against anti-transgender discrimination in municipal employee healthcare coverage, and matters related to schools.

Elections

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2009

[edit]
Supporters of Pressley's 2009 Boston City Council campaign march in the 2009 Dorchester Day Parade

Pressley was first elected in November 2009. The only woman in a field of 15 candidates, Pressley won one of the four at-large spots on the city's 13-member council with nearly 42,000 votes.[1]

Upon her entrance in to the race, the Dorchester Reporter's Pete Stidman regarded her to be one of the "favorite" candidates to be elected due to her "background and experience" in her eleven years of working for Senator John Kerry, including as his political director, and her experience working as a district director for Congressman Joseph P. Kennedy II before that.[2]

2011

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In the Boston City council election of 2011, Pressley finished first among at-large candidates with 37,000 votes. She led in 13 of the city's 22 wards and finished second in three others. Pressley won Boston's communities of color and many progressive neighborhoods. In all, she placed first in more than half of Boston's 22 wards.[3] Pressley was the first person of color to ever be the top vote-getter in a Boston City Council election.[4]

Pressley speaking in 2011

Pressley's first-place finish was regarded as a surprise and a political turnaround, as many had expected she might not even win reelection.[5][6][7] The perception that Pressley was at risk of losing her seat after her first term arose due to her campaign's lack of funding and the fact that former councilor Michael F. Flaherty was running to unseat one of the incumbent at-large councilors and regain a seat for himself.[5] Politician prognosticators had seen Pressley as the most vulnerable of the incumbent at-large city councilors.[6] This, in past, arose from a perception that, as first-term members, both Pressley and Felix G. Arroyo were more likely to lose their seats than longer-tenured at-large members John R. Connolly and Stephen J. Murphy. In his previous city council tenure, Flaherty had been able to be the top vote-getter in at-large city council elections, which made his candidacy to rejoin the council be seen as formidable.[8]

Pressley led the vote in more than half of the city's twenty-two wards. Pressley performed strongly across a broad array of neighborhoods, including Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, and Roslindale and West Roxbury. Andrew Ryan of Boston.com wrote that Pressley received, "groundswell of support that in many neighborhoods transcended race and traditional politics."[9]

During her reelection campaign, Pressley and fellow at-large city councilor John R. Connolly supported each other's bids for reelection.[6] The two held joint campaign events and coordinated their campaign calendars.[10]

In her campaign, Pressley made a concerted effort to engage and get out the vote among members of minority groups that were regarded to be among the city's lower-turnout demographics.[8]

2013

[edit]

Pressley placed first again in the 2013 Boston City Council election.[11][12] Pressley was endorsed for reelection by the editorial board of The Boston Globe.[13]

Pressley remained neutral in the coinciding mayoral election, giving no public endorsement.[14] Her neutrality was notable, since one of two finalists was John R. Connolly, with whom she had jointly campaigned for reelection to city council in 2011. Pressley stated that she was acquainted with both mayoral finalists (Connolly and Marty Walsh), and believed that either would make a good mayor.[10]

2015

[edit]
Pressley attending Jamaica Plain Porchfest in 2015

Pressley again placed first in the 2015 Boston City Council election.[15] She was again endorsed by the editorial board of The Boston Globe.[16]

2017

[edit]

Pressley placed second in the 2017 Boston City Council election, behind only Michelle Wu.[17] She was again endorsed by the editorial board of The Boston Globe.[18]

Pressley remained neutral in the coinciding mayoral election.[19] Pressley's husband was a staffer of the incumbent mayor, Marty Walsh. Pressley was an ally of both Walsh and his mayoral challenger, Tito Jackson. Pressley considered Jackson to be a personal friend on the council.[20] Pressley stayed neutral due to her husband's employment by Walsh. Besides Pressley, Andrea Campbell was the only other city councilor to remain neutral. The ten remaining Boston City Councilors endorsed Walsh's reelection over the candidacy of their Boston City Council colleague, Jackson.[21]

Council politics

[edit]
Pressley at the 2012 East Boston Columbus Day Parade
Pressley walks alongside Democratic U.S. Senate nominee Elizabeth Warren
Pressley walks alongside Mayor Thomas Menino
Pressley stands beside City Councilman John R. Connolly and City Council President Stephen J. Murphy

Upon being sworn in on January 4, 2010, Pressley was the first woman of color to serve in the 100-year history of the Boston City Council.[1][22]

Boston's strong mayor form of government conventionally limited the impact that members of the council had on the city government.[23] However, part of Pressley's time on the City Council occurred during a period in which the council began to increasingly wield its power, with the body yielding less to the mayor than previous iterations of the council had in the preceding decades and making use of its subpoena powers for the first time in decades.[24] In December 2019, Milton J. Valencia of The Boston Globe opined that, under the City Council presidencies of Michelle Wu (in 2016 and 2017) and Andrea Campbell (beginning in 2018), the council had "been, perhaps, the most aggressive in recent history in pushing reforms, often to the left of the mayor, on issues addressing climate change and economic and racial equity."[25]

Pressley was regarded to be a high-profile figure on the council,[26] even acquiring some national accolades.[27] She received the "Rising Star" award from EMILY's List in 2015.[26] In 2016, Frank Bruni of The New York Times named Pressley as one of the United States', "14 Young Democrats to Watch".[28] Other recognition Pressley received included being named to Boston Magazines "Power of Ideas" list in 2014 and "Power Players" list in 2015; being a 2014 Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce "Ten Outstanding Young Leaders" honoree; and receiving the Victim Right's Law Center's "Leadership Award" in 2014.[15]

Wu was a member of the council's liberal wing. Other members of this informal grouping included Michelle Wu and Lydia Edwards.[29] According to Erin O'Brien, a political science professor at University of Massachusetts Boston, Pressley did not have the reputation for being controversial or an outsider during her time on the City Council.[30] O'Brien, in 2018, observed that while some the city's "old guard" viewed Pressley as a "showboat" but that, "in many communities of color, she [was] viewed as incredibly exciting and voicing issues the council has ignored."[23] Lee Fang and Zaid Jilani of The Intercept opined that Pressley shifted her politics more leftwards when she ran for congress in 2018.[31]

In December 2011, Pressley voted to remove Councilor Chuck Turner from the City Council due to his October conviction for a felony bribery charge. Turner, who is black, had alleged that his conviction was racially motivated. Her vote to remove him from the City Council was seen as causing some backlash to her among the city's black community and was seen as creating political vulnerability for her. She would comment, on her vote, "I would have thought it cowardly to abstain..... I cast the ballot that I did because despite how hard it was, I thought it was the right thing to do in maintaining the integrity of the body and so as not to imperil my agenda."[32]

In 2014, Pressley made an unsuccessful last-minute bid for the presidency of the Boston City Council. She was defeated by Bill Linehan 13–5.[33]

Social issues

[edit]
Pressley (far left) with fellow city councilor Tito Jackson, Democratic U.S. Senate nominee Elizabeth Warren, and Suffolk County Clerk of Courts Criminal Business Maura Hennigan at the Boston Caribbean Carnival parade in August 2012

Pressley placed a strong focus to women's and children's issues.[34][35] In her first year as a city councilor, Pressley formed the Committee on Healthy Women, Families, and Communities, which addressed issues such as domestic violence, child abuse, and human trafficking.[36] This is today known as the "Strong Women, Families and Communities Committee".[37]

In March 2011, Presley sparked a city dialogue on sexual assault after she, during a Council hearing, shared details of the rape she previously survived when she was attending Boston University. While she had previously been public about surviving both childhood sexual abuse and sexual assault as an adult, during the hearing she shared details she had previously been private about. While Pressley received gratitude from other survivors of sexual abuse, some critics accused Pressley of leveraging the story of her personal experience with it for political gain.[5]

In October 2011, Pressley and fellow Council member Tito Jackson sponsored a hearing investigating Massachusetts' anti-discrimination/public accommodation laws.[38]

In June 2014, the Boston City Council unanimously passed an ordinance Pressley coauthored with Councilor Michelle Wu, which prohibits its city government "from contracting with any health insurer that denies coverage or 'discriminates in the amount of premium, policy fees, or rates charged...because of gender identity or expression". This was ordinance was signed into law, and guarantees healthcare (including gender reassignment surgery, hormone therapy, and mental health services) to transgender city employees and dependents of city employees. Pressley declared, "We can't be a world-class city if anyone is made to feel like a second-class citizen."[39][40]

Public schools

[edit]

Pressley worked collaboratively with community members to develop a comprehensive sex education and health curriculum which was implemented in Boston Public Schools.[36]

Pressley was involved in revising and requiring the enforcement of policy for Boston Public Schools regarding pregnant and parenting students.[41] She worked with the Massachusetts Alliance on Teen Pregnancy to author the district's new Expectant and Parenting Students Policy, which was adopted by the Boston School Committee on June 4, 2014. This was the first update by the district to this policy since 1987.[42]

Pressley in 2011

In 2016, Pressley published an op-ed in the Dorchester Reporter advocating for the city to fund full-time nurses and social workers in every school in the Boston Public Schools.[43] In July 2018, the council adopted a resolution authored by Pressley that expressed its support for the Parents' Bill of Rights that was created by Parenting Journey, a Somerville-based nonprofit.[44]

Pressley voted along with the majority of City Councilors to support resolution to voice the council's opposition to 2016 Massachusetts Question 2, a ballot measure which would have authorized the expansion of the number of charter schools in the state. The resolution was adopted in a 11–2 vote. Pressley remarked that she believed the passage of the ballot measure would cause a "divestment" of funds from public schools that would result in a "tsunami of devastation."[45]

Economic issues

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In 2016 Pressley and Councilor Andrea Campbell introduced an ordinance that would have banned the use of credit scores to negatively assess job applicants and existing hires.[46] Pressley also proposed an amendment to the Boston Living Wage Ordinance which would have increased the standard for what the city considers to be a "living wage" for those working in service and security jobs.[47]

In 2017, the Council passed the Equity in City of Boston Contracts Ordinance, which was sponsored by Pressley and Councilor Michelle Wu. It required that the city create a supplier diversity program to conduct outreach to female and minority-owned businesses in regards to the city contracting process. It also required the city to actively solicit bids from at least one female-owned business and one minority-owned business for contracts under $50,000. It also created a quarterly reporting requirement for the city.[48]

Urban development

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Pressley voiced criticism of what she felt was an excessive amount of luxury real estate development and lack of affordable housing in the city.[31] In 2015, Pressley joined fellow at-large councilors Michelle Wu and Stephen J. Murphy in opposing the proposed Lewis Wharf hotel development.[49] There were other occasions, however, where Pressley voted in favor of some luxury real estate developments in the city.[31] For example, in 2017 Pressley voted in support of a measure that would facilitate the $1.3 billion Winthrop Center development. Pressley justified her vote by citing a pledge by the developers to involve minority-owned businesses.[31][50] It was reported by Lee Fang and Zaid Jilani of The Intercept that records indicate that Pressley later received campaign contributions amounting to $1,250 from the project's developers.[31]

Public safety

[edit]
Pressley with Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley in 2011

Pressley and fellow councilor Michelle Wu were credited as being the key figures that arranged for the Boston City Council to hold hearings on gun violence.[51] Pressley organized the first listening-only hearing in the City Council's history, in which the councilors listened to remarks by 300 families that had been impacted by homicide.[41]

After the Boston Marathon bombing terrorist attack in 2013, Pressley worked connect those impacted with assistance.[52]

Pressley led an effort to pass an ordinance requiring municipal trucks to have side guards to protect cyclists.[53][54] She worked with Mayor Marty Walsh on an ordinance requiring it,[54] which was passed unanimously by the City Council in November 2014.[55]

Liquor licenses

[edit]

Pressley worked on the issue of liquor licenses in the city.[56] For years, Pressley pushed for the passage of legislation that would remove control over the number of liquor licenses in Boston from the control of the state government of Massachusetts and place it under the purview of the Boston Licensing Board.[57] The state held control over this since the Prohibition era.[58] On December 18, 2013, the city council voted 12–1 to advance a home rule petition on this matter to the state.[57] The ultimate product of Pressley's push was the passage of state legislation in 2014 granting Boston the authority to distribute 75 additional liquor licenses over a three-year period, with the aim of distributing them to less advantaged neighborhoods in order to increase economic activity in those neighborhoods. However, The Boston Globe's Meghan Irons observed that an unintentional impact of this was that, "it created uneven competition. It left out certain neighborhoods. It allowed businesses that were already established to get the licenses."[56] Nevertheless, in 2018, The New York Times called Pressley's work on the matter a "major accomplishment".[23] To remedy the shortfalls, Pressley worked with Mayor Walsh with an aim to further expand the number of new available liquor licenses.[56] In 2017, Pressley and Mayor Walsh unveiled a proposal to increase the number of liquor license in the city by 152 over a three year period, with the majority of licenses being granted to underserved communities.[59] This proposal received the support of the editorial board of The Boston Globe.[60]

In February 2015, Pressley was publicly skeptical of a proposed BYOB ordinance by Councilors Michelle Wu and Stephen J. Murphy to allow small restaurants without liquor licenses to permit patrons to bring their own bottles of wine or beer. Pressley expressed concern that such an ordinance could perpetuate the divide where liquor licenses remained only in more affluent neighborhoods. She also expressed concern for how such a policy would be regulated and whether it might lower the cost of meals, resulting in lower tips for waiters.[61] She continued to express concern about the ordinance when it was debated in December of that year. Nevertheless, Pressley voted in support of the ordinance when it was adopted that month.[62]

Position on Boston's bid for the 2024 Olympics

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Pressley was publicly skeptical of Boston's bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. In March 2015, stating that she had a number of concerns and desired to see more detailed proposals, Pressley described herself as undecided on whether to support the bid effort but still conditionally willing to.[63] That month she had filed a request for the City Council to hold two special hearings: one to "analyze the diversity and inclusion plan from bidding process through the potential games," and another to "discuss comprehensive approaches to reduce sex trafficking around mega sporting events such as the Olympics."[64] After the abandonment of Boston's bid for the Olympics, the organization No Boston Olympics (which had opposed the bid) endorsed Pressley and three other incumbent Boston City Council members for reelection, praising them for "Demonstrat[ing] leadership by asking tough questions" to the leaders behind Boston's Olympic bid.[65]

Other politics

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Pressley (left) and actor Zach Braff (right) stand with U.S. Senate nominee Elizabeth Warren at a rally at Northeastern University for Warren's 2012 campaign
Pressley speaking at a Boston campaign rally for the 2013 Senate election campaign of Ed Markey

Pressley was one of the first notable Massachusetts politicians to endorse Elizabeth Warren's successful campaign in Massachusetts' 2012 U.S. Senate election.[66] Ahead of the Democratic primary for the 2013 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Pressley endorsed the candidacy of Ed Markey.[67] During the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Pressley endorsed the candidacy of Hillary Clinton.[68]

Election to congress and departure from the City Council

[edit]

In 2018, Pressley was elected to the United States House of Representatives after having first defeated incumbent Michael Capuano in a Democratic Party primary election.[69] For years Pressley had been speculated as a likely top-contender to succeed Capuano if he were to retire.[70] Rather than wait for him to step aside, Pressley decided to challenge him.[71] Pressley was the first sitting council member to be elected to another office since Francis Roache was elected Suffolk County register of deeds in 2002.[72]

After being elected to the United States House of Representatives, Pressley delivered a "farewell speech" to the City Council on December 5, 2018.[73][74] Boston city law requires that vacancies for the at-large council seats are filled by the next-placed candidate in the previous election, which had been Althea Garrison in the November 2017 election. Thus, when Pressley departed from the city council, she was succeeded by Garrison.[75]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "City Council: Ayanna Pressley, At-Large". City of Boston. March 7, 2016. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  2. ^ Stidman, Pete (April 23, 2009). "Dot's Pressley joins race for at-large council | Dorchester Reporter". www.dotnews.com. Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  3. ^ Ryan, Andrew (November 10, 2011). "Hard work pays off for Pressley in City Council election". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  4. ^ Cheung, Kylie (14 August 2018). "Meet the Boston City Councilor Who's Running for Congress on a Mission to Save Girls". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Abraham, Yvonne (January 1, 2012). "Ayanna Pressley speaks out for girls". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  6. ^ a b c Handy, Delores (November 9, 2011). "Pressley The Surprise Ticket-Topper In At-Large Boston Council Race". WBUR. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  7. ^ Wedge, David (8 November 2011). "Pressley wins big in City Council at-large race". Boston Herald. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  8. ^ a b Yawu, Miller (10 August 2011). "Pressley launches grassroots campaign". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  9. ^ Ryan, Andrew (10 November 2011). "City's Top Vote-Getter Upends Old Patters". Boston.com. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  10. ^ a b Miller, Yawu (23 October 2013). "Black pols endorse Marty Walsh for Boston mayor, John Connolly gets clergy nod". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  11. ^ "City Councilor At Large (Ward and Precinct)" (PDF). State and City election results | Boston.gov. City of Boston. November 5, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  12. ^ /00:00Playing Live (November 6, 2013). "Women Top Boston At-Large City Councilor Race | WBUR News". Wbur.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Pressley, Wu, Flaherty, Kelly for at-large City Council". The Boston Globe. October 30, 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  14. ^ Irons, Meghan E. (October 21, 2013). "Councilor Ayanna Pressley to remain neutral in mayor's race". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Ayanna Pressley". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Ayanna Pressley, Michelle Wu deserve big win on Tuesday". The Boston Globe. October 30, 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  17. ^ "Boston election results 2017 - Boston city council results". The Boston Globe. November 9, 2017. Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  18. ^ "City council at-large: Reelect Wu, Pressley, Essaibi-George, and Flaherty". The Boston Globe. October 26, 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Mayoral candidate Tito Jackson gets a cold shoulder from political establishment". Boston.com. October 4, 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  20. ^ Irons, Meghan E. (February 6, 2017). "It's getting awkward for Ayanna Pressley in the mayoral race". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  21. ^ Irons, Meghan E. (October 4, 2017). "Mayoral candidate Tito Jackson gets a cold shoulder from political establishment". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  22. ^ Phelps, Andrew (January 4, 2010). "In Inaugural Address, Menino Vows Fresh Look At Old Problems". WBUR News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  23. ^ a b c Seelye, Katharine Q.; Herndon, Astead W. (1 September 2018). "Ayanna Pressley Seeks Her Political Moment in a Changing Boston". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  24. ^ Platoff, Emma (March 11, 2023). "With a divided Boston City Council, Mayor Michelle Wu often gets her way". Boston Globe. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  25. ^ Valencia, Milton J. (10 December 2019). "Kim Janey claims votes to be next Boston City Council president". Boston Globe. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  26. ^ a b Dezenski, Lauren (19 December 2017). "Pressley 'seriously considering' Capuano challenge". Politico. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  27. ^ Irons, Meghan E. (October 29, 2015). "For Councilor Pressley, another campaign 'doing my life's work'". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  28. ^ Bruni, Frank (25 June 2016). "14 Young Democrats to Watch". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  29. ^ Kim, E. Tammy (20 March 2024). "Boston's Mayor Makes Friends—and Enemies—with Her Focus on Housing". The New Yorker. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  30. ^ Krantz, Laura (July 16, 2019). "Facing their toughest challenge, members of 'the Squad' turned to Pressley for her 'positive, loving tone'". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019. On the council, Pressley did not have the controversial, outsider reputation she has now earned as part of the Squad. O'Brien said that could be because, as the only woman of color on the council earlier in her career, she did not want to jeopardize her seat.
  31. ^ a b c d e Fang, Lee; Jilani, Zaid (18 August 2018). "One of the Strongest Progressives in Congress Is Facing a Primary Challenger Invoking Identity and Change. Will She Unseat Him?". The Intercept. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  32. ^ "Pressley Is A Compelling, But Vulnerable Councilor". www.wbur.org. February 15, 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  33. ^ Annear, Steve (6 January 2014). "Bill Linehan Selected As New Boston City Council President". Boston Magazine. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  34. ^ Miller, Joshua (January 30, 2018). "Ayanna Pressley to challenge Michael Capuano in primary for Congress". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  35. ^ Williams, Lauren N. (30 November 2016). "Meet Boston's First Black City Council Woman in 106 Years". Time.
  36. ^ a b Boguhn, Ally (August 31, 2018). "'Activism Is No Longer an Option': Could Ayanna Pressley Be the Next Progressive Upset?". ReWire. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  37. ^ Cawley, Gayla (6 February 2024). "Council clash: Domestic violence takes center stage". Boston Herald. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  38. ^ True, Morgan (October 9, 2011). "Council probes public accomodation laws". www.dotnews.com. Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  39. ^ Ryan, Andrew (11 June 2014). "Council OKs insurance coverage for transgender workers". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  40. ^ "Boston guarantees access to transgender healthcare for city employees". GLAAD. 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  41. ^ a b DeMaina, Daniel (10 November 2018). "Ayanna Pressley goes from council to Congress". Massachusetts Municipal Association (MMA). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  42. ^ Cohen, Julie M. (June 21, 2014). "Boston updates pregnant, parenting teens policy". Wicked Local. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  43. ^ Pressley, Ayanna (May 11, 2016). "School nurses key to BPS kids' wellness | Dorchester Reporter". www.dotnews.com. Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  44. ^ "Boston City Council endorses Parents' Bill of Rights". The Somerville Times. July 18, 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  45. ^ McKeirnan, Kathleen (4 August 2016). "Council votes against more charter schools". Boston Herald. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  46. ^ Pattison-Gordon, Jule (5 October 2016). "Proposed ordinance combats widespread burden of credit check based discriminaton". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  47. ^ Mitchell, Zoë (29 September 2016). "City Council Addresses Abortion Access and Goose Poop". Boston University News Service. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  48. ^ Miller, Yawu (27 December 2017). "Councilors vote to strengthen city's minority contracting program". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
  49. ^ Conti, Matt (October 15, 2015). "Three of Four At-Large Councilors Oppose Lewis Wharf Hotel Project – NorthEndWaterfront.com". North End Waterfront.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  50. ^ Conti, Matt (April 27, 2017). "City Council Votes to Pass Home-Rule Petition for Winthrop Square Garage Development – NorthEndWaterfront.com". North End Waterfront.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  51. ^ Tempera, Jacqueline (6 September 2018). "Who is Ayanna Pressley? From a struggling childhood to the U.S. House of Representatives". masslive. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  52. ^ Hicks, Jonathan P. (April 16, 2013). "A Boston City Council Member Works Overtime to Help With Healing". BET. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  53. ^ Kruse, Rachel (October 17, 2015). "Case Study: How can cities increase the safety of large vehicles in urban areas?". visionzeronetwork.org. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  54. ^ a b Kessler, Martin (September 9, 2014). "To Protect Boston Bicyclists, New Ordinance Would Require Truck Side Guards". www.wbur.org. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  55. ^ Poff, Sarah (November 4, 2013). "New city ordinance requires truck-side guards to reduce bicyclist fatalities – The Daily Free Press". The Daily Free Press. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  56. ^ a b c Bologna, Jamie; Becker, Deborah; Alston, Paris. "Liquor Licenses And The Fairmount Line: Evaluating Pressley And Capuano Claims". WBUR. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  57. ^ a b Annear, Steve (18 December 2013). "Boston Could Soon Do Away With Liquor License Cap". Boston Magazine. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  58. ^ Convey, Eric (August 27, 2015). "City councilor wants liquor license control returned to Boston for first time since Prohibition". Business Journal. Boston Business Journal. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  59. ^ "Proposal Would Up Boston Liquor Licenses, With Emphasis On Underserved Neighborhoods". WBUR. March 6, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
  60. ^ "More liquor licenses in Boston? Cheers to that". The Boston Globe. August 23, 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  61. ^ Ryan, Andrew (February 11, 2015). "Boston City Council members skeptical on BYOB". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  62. ^ Wilder, Charlotte (December 16, 2015). "Boston, raise a glass: City Council votes to lift BYOB ban at some restaurants". Boston.com. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  63. ^ Vaccaro, Adam (May 20, 2015). "With questions on Olympic bid swirling, residents divided at Dorchester meeting". Boston.com. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  64. ^ Dezenski, Lauren (March 10, 2015). "Councillor calls for hearings on Olympics' diversity, sex trafficking | Dorchester Reporter". www.dotnews.com. Dorchester Reporter. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  65. ^ Arsenault, Mark (October 6, 2015). "Olympics opponents weigh in on city elections". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  66. ^ Sands, Darren (February 28, 2019). "Ayanna Pressley Is Mapping A New Direction For The Democratic Party. Its Presidential Candidates Want Her Support". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  67. ^ Miller, Yawu (25 April 2013). "Democratic Senate candidates courting communities of color". The Bay State Banner. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  68. ^ Sunkara, Bhaskar (9 November 2019). "Surprised Ayanna Pressley 'broke' with the squad to endorse Warren? Don't be". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  69. ^ "Ayanna Pressley". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  70. ^ Cahm, Emily (29 August 2013). "Female Candidates Waiting in Massachusetts' Wings". Roll Call. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  71. ^ Seelye, Katharine A. (5 September 2018). "Ayanna Pressley Upsets Capuano in Massachusetts House Race (Published 2018)". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  72. ^ Bernstein, David S. (1 February 2018). "Explaining The Mystery: Why Ayanna Pressley Is Running For Congress". WGBH. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  73. ^ Kopp, Emily (6 December 2018). "Ayanna Pressley's 'Squad' Attends Tearful City Council Farewell". Roll Call. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  74. ^ Walters, Quincy (December 5, 2018). "For Ayanna Pressley, 'Destroyer Of Glass Ceilings,' D.C. Is Just Another 'Gentle Battle'". www.wbur.org. WBUR. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  75. ^ "Finally, Althea Garrison will be a city councillor". Boston Globe. September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
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