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NGC 45

Coordinates: Sky map 00h 14m 3.99s, −23° 10′ 55.5″
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NGC 45
NGC 45 by DECam
Observation data (2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension00° 14′ 03.989″[1]
Declination–23h 10m 55.53s[1]
Redshift0.001558[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity466 km/s[3]
Distance21.7 Mly (6.64 Mpc)[4]
Apparent magnitude (V)10.73±0.03[5]
Apparent magnitude (B)11.21±0.03[5]
Characteristics
TypeSA(s)dm[6]
Mass/Light ratio[7] M☉/L☉
Apparent size (V)7.41′ × 5.13'
Other designations
UGCA 4, LEDA 930, MCG 04-01-21, PGC 930[8]

NGC 45 is a low surface brightness[7] spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer John Herschel.[9] The galaxy is located at a distance of 22[4] million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 466 km/s.[3] It is located in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is most likely a background galaxy.[7]

The morphological class of NGC 45 is SA(s)dm,[6] indicating this is a spiral galaxy with no prominent inner bar (SA) or ring (s) feature. There is no central bulge to speak of.[7] The galactic plane is inclined at an angle of 55°±5° to the line of sight from the Earth, with the major axis of the elliptical profile being aligned along a position angle of 145°±5°.[7] Star formation is proceeding at a modest rate of ~0.20 M☉·yr−1.[6]

Unlike the Milky Way, NGC 45 has no clearly defined spiral arms, and its center bar nucleus is also very small and distorted. NGC 45 thus does not have a galactic habitable zone.[10][11][12] For the Milky Way, the galactic habitable zone is commonly believed to be an annulus with an outer radius of about 10 kiloparsecs and an inner radius close to the Galactic Center, both of which lack hard boundaries.[11]

On 22 May 2018 a luminous red nova was detected within NGC 45 and was subsequently labeled AT 2018bwo.[13] Luminous red novae like this are thought to be the result of stars merging. The progenitor of AT 2018bwo was a yellow supergiant star.[14]

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References

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  1. ^ a b Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
  2. ^ "NGC 0045". NASA NED. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  3. ^ a b Tully, R. Brent; et al. (2016). "Cosmicflows-3". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 21. arXiv:1605.01765. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. S2CID 250737862. 50.
  4. ^ a b Karachentsev, Igor D.; et al. (2016). "The Local Tully–Fisher Relation for Dwarf Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (1): 6. arXiv:1611.02574. Bibcode:2017AJ....153....6K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/6. S2CID 119388974.
  5. ^ a b Cook, David O.; et al. (2014). "The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy (LVL) global optical photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (1): 881. arXiv:1408.1130. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445..881C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1580. S2CID 118399317.
  6. ^ a b c Pannuti, Thomas G.; et al. (September 2015). "Chandra and Very Large Array Observations of the Nearby Sd Galaxy NGC 45". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 16. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...91P. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/91. S2CID 38143095. 91.
  7. ^ a b c d e Chemin, Laurent; et al. (December 2006). "H I Studies of the Sculptor Group Galaxies. VIII. The Background Galaxies: NGC 24 and NGC 45". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2527–2538. arXiv:astro-ph/0609148. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2527C. doi:10.1086/508859. S2CID 947116.
  8. ^ "NGC 45". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
  9. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC Objects: NGC 1 - 49". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  10. ^ de Vaucouleurs, G. "II. MORPHOLOGY, #34". Classification and Morphology of External Galaxies. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  11. ^ a b Gowanlock, M. G.; et al. (2011). "A Model of Habitability Within the Milky Way Galaxy". Astrobiology. 11 (9): 855–873. arXiv:1107.1286. Bibcode:2011AsBio..11..855G. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0555. PMID 22059554. S2CID 851972.
  12. ^ Choi, Charles Q. (21 August 2015). "Giant Galaxies May Be Better Cradles for Habitable Planets". Space.com. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  13. ^ Transient Name Server entry for AT 2018bwo. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
  14. ^ Blagorodnova, Nadejda; et al. (2021). "The luminous red nova AT 2018bwo in NGC 45 and its binary yellow supergiant progenitor". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 653: A134. arXiv:2102.05662. Bibcode:2021A&A...653A.134B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140525. S2CID 231879751.


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