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List of countries by suicide rate

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Map of the suicide rate (age-standardized, per 100,000 population) in the world as of 2019.
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  •   20–30
  •   15–20
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  •   5–10
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Suicide
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Organizations

The following are lists of countries by estimated suicide rates as published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other sources.[note 1]

In many countries, suicide rates are underreported due to social stigma, cultural or legal concerns.[3] Thus, these figures cannot be used to compare real suicide rates, which are unknown in most countries.

As of 2016, there was an estimated global suicide rate of 10.5 per 100,000 population[4] down from 11.6 in 2008.[5] In high-income modernized countries male and female rates of suicidal behaviors differ much compared to those in the rest of the world: while women are reportedly more prone to suicidal thoughts, rates of suicide are higher among men, which has been described as a "silent epidemic".[6][7][8][9][10]

A study in 2019 found that between 1990 and 2016 global age-standardized suicide rates fell by a third; the rates in 2016 were about 16 deaths per 100,000 men and 7 deaths per 100,000 women. Women experienced a greater decrease compared with men over the study period.[11][12]

In much of the world, suicide is stigmatized and condemned for religious or cultural reasons. In some countries, suicidal behavior is a criminal offence punishable by law. Suicide is therefore often a secretive act surrounded by taboo, and may be unrecognized, misclassified or deliberately hidden in official records of death.[6]

— World Health Organization (2002)

As such, suicide rates may be higher than measured, with men more at risk of dying by suicide than women across nearly all cultures and backgrounds.[13] Suicide prevention and intervention is an important topic for all peoples, according to the WHO.[14]

Countries and territories by suicide rate

[edit]

The variability of suicide rates across different countries and territories highlights the complex interplay of socio-economic conditions, cultural attitudes, mental health services, and societal pressures. Recognizing and addressing these factors through targeted interventions and policies is essential for reducing the global burden of suicide and improving mental health outcomes worldwide.

Socio-Economic Conditions

[edit]

Socio-economic conditions play a crucial role in influencing suicide rates. Countries experiencing economic instability, high unemployment rates, or significant income inequality often see higher rates of suicide. Economic distress can lead to feelings of hopelessness and depression, which are significant risk factors for suicide. Conversely, countries with strong social safety nets and lower levels of economic disparity tend to have lower suicide rates.

Cultural Attitudes

[edit]

Cultural attitudes towards mental health and suicide also greatly impact suicide rates. In some cultures, mental health issues are stigmatized, discouraging individuals from seeking help. In contrast, cultures that promote open discussions about mental health and provide strong community support systems can help reduce suicide rates. Additionally, cultural factors such as religious beliefs, societal expectations, and historical contexts can either exacerbate or mitigate the prevalence of suicide.

Mental Health Services

[edit]

The availability and quality of mental health services are critical in preventing suicides. Countries with comprehensive mental health care systems that provide accessible and affordable treatment options generally have lower suicide rates. These services include counseling, psychiatric care, crisis intervention, and preventive measures. In contrast, regions with limited access to mental health care, insufficient funding, and lack of trained professionals face higher suicide rates.

Societal Pressures

[edit]

Societal pressures, including work stress, academic pressures, social isolation, and family expectations, can contribute to the incidence of suicide. In highly competitive societies, the pressure to succeed can lead to significant mental health challenges, increasing the risk of suicide. Social isolation and lack of supportive relationships further exacerbate this risk. Societal attitudes towards gender roles, sexuality, and other identity factors also influence suicide rates, particularly among marginalized groups.

Statistical Measurement

[edit]

The measurement of suicide rates as the number of suicides per 100,000 inhabitants per year provides a standardized way to compare different regions. This metric helps identify trends and disparities, informing public health strategies and resource allocation. Accurate data collection and reporting are essential for understanding the true scope of the issue and implementing effective interventions.

Importance of Understanding Suicide Rates

[edit]

Understanding suicide rates is crucial for developing targeted mental health interventions and policies. By analyzing the factors contributing to high suicide rates, governments and organizations can design and implement effective prevention strategies. These may include improving economic conditions, enhancing mental health services, promoting mental health awareness, and reducing stigma. Policies aimed at providing social support, crisis intervention, and comprehensive mental health care can significantly reduce suicide rates.

Highest Rates

[edit]

Countries with the highest suicide rates often face severe economic challenges, limited access to mental health care, and social stigma around mental health issues. For instance, countries in Eastern Europe and parts of Asia historically report high suicide rates. Notable examples include Lithuania, Russia, and South Korea. These regions may experience high levels of stress, alcohol abuse, and historical factors contributing to elevated suicide rates.

Lowest Rates

[edit]

Conversely, some countries with the lowest suicide rates may have strong social support systems, accessible mental health care, and cultural factors that discourage suicide. Examples include countries in the Mediterranean region, some Caribbean nations, and select Middle Eastern countries. Nations like Greece, and Kuwait report some of the lowest suicide rates globally.

However, some countries with little or no access to mental health care also have very low suicide rates.

Data Collection and Reporting

[edit]

Suicide data is collected through various means, including national health records, police reports, and surveys. The accuracy of this data can vary due to differences in reporting standards and societal stigma associated with suicide. Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Burden of Disease Study regularly publish and update suicide statistics.

Prevention Efforts

[edit]

Efforts to reduce suicide rates include improving mental health services, implementing public health campaigns to reduce stigma, and creating supportive environments for individuals in distress. Countries with comprehensive mental health strategies, such as Norway and New Zealand, have seen success in reducing suicide rates through these measures.

Suicide rates by gender and country (age-standardized, per 100K population, World Health Organization, 2019)[15]
Country 2019 2000 % change
All Female Male M/F
 World 9.0 5.4 12.6 2.3 14.0 -0.36
 Lesotho 87.5 34.6 146.9 4.3 42.6 1.05
 Guyana 40.9 17.0 65.0 3.8 35.8 0.14
 Eswatini 40.5 6.4 78.7 12.3 40.6 0.00
 Kiribati 30.6 9.5 53.6 5.7 35.6 -0.14
 Micronesia 29.0 13.2 44.3 3.4 28.0 0.04
 Suriname 25.9 11.8 41.3 3.5 25.0 0.04
 Zimbabwe 23.6 13.5 37.8 2.8 20.0 0.18
 South Africa 23.5 9.8 37.9 3.9 26.6 -0.12
 Mozambique 23.2 8.9 42.6 4.8 20.9 0.11
 Central African Republic 23.0 9.3 39.6 4.3 32.5 -0.29
 Russia 21.6 7.2 38.2 5.3 48.9 -0.56
 South Korea 21.2 13.4 29.9 2.2 13.9 0.52
 Vanuatu 21.0 9.0 33.1 3.7 23.2 -0.10
 Botswana 20.2 7.8 35.5 4.6 46.3 -0.56
 Lithuania 20.2 6.2 36.1 5.8 45.8 -0.56
 Uruguay 18.8 7.7 31.1 4.1 14.5 0.30
 Kazakhstan 18.1 6.9 30.9 4.5 39.4 -0.54
 Mongolia 18.0 5.6 31.1 5.5 23.6 -0.24
 Ukraine 17.7 4.7 32.7 7.0 33.5 -0.47
 Solomon Islands 17.4 2.4 32.2 13.4 17.4 0.00
 Eritrea 17.3 8.3 27.2 3.3 23.4 -0.26
 Belarus 16.5 5.3 30.1 5.7 37.3 -0.56
 Montenegro 16.2 7.9 25.4 3.2 18.9 -0.14
 Latvia 16.1 4.6 29.0 6.4 29.6 -0.46
 Cameroon 15.9 7.6 25.2 3.3 19.1 -0.17
 Ivory Coast 15.7 5.0 25.7 5.1 24.0 -0.35
 Cape Verde 15.2 5.1 27.4 5.4 18.2 -0.16
 Togo 14.8 6.5 24.0 3.7 17.3 -0.14
 Somalia 14.7 7.1 22.8 3.2 16.8 -0.13
 Samoa 14.6 7.8 20.9 2.7 16.3 -0.10
 United States 14.5 6.8 22.4 3.3 10.0 0.45
 Zambia 14.4 5.3 25.7 4.9 24.0 -0.40
 Burkina Faso 14.4 6.5 24.5 3.8 16.9 -0.15
 Slovenia 14.0 5.5 22.7 4.1 25.6 -0.46
 Belgium 13.9 8.4 19.6 2.3 18.3 -0.24
 Namibia 13.5 4.4 24.9 5.7 27.5 -0.51
 Equatorial Guinea 13.5 8.8 18.5 2.1 19.4 -0.30
 Finland 13.4 6.8 20.1 3.0 21.7 -0.38
 Chad 13.2 6.9 20.2 2.9 15.7 -0.16
 Gabon 13.1 3.8 23.3 6.1 19.4 -0.32
 India 12.9 11.1 14.7 1.3 19.1 -0.32
 Sri Lanka 12.9 6.1 20.9 3.4 27.4 -0.53
 Benin 12.7 6.1 20.3 3.3 14.7 -0.14
 Angola 12.6 4.7 21.7 4.6 17.6 -0.28
 DR Congo 12.4 5.0 20.7 4.1 14.5 -0.14
 Guinea-Bissau 12.4 6.7 19.8 3.0 17.5 -0.29
 Sweden 12.4 7.7 16.9 2.2 12.2 0.01
 Guinea 12.3 8.0 18.4 2.3 9.7 0.27
 Japan 12.2 6.9 17.5 2.5 18.1 -0.32
 Moldova 12.2 3.3 22.1 6.7 16.3 -0.25
 Burundi 12.1 6.4 18.9 3.0 23.4 -0.48
 Estonia 12.0 4.5 20.2 4.5 25.0 -0.52
 Djibouti 11.9 7.6 16.3 2.2 12.1 -0.01
 Hungary 11.8 5.5 19.1 3.5 26.6 -0.56
 Congo 11.6 6.1 18.3 3.0 24.7 -0.53
 Sierra Leone 11.3 8.2 14.8 1.8 10.1 0.11
 Australia 11.3 5.6 17.0 3.0 11.8 -0.05
 Haiti 11.2 8.0 14.9 1.9 12.7 -0.12
 Iceland 11.2 3.5 18.7 5.4 12.7 -0.12
 Kenya 11.0 5.3 18.1 3.4 15.8 -0.30
 Croatia 11.0 5.1 17.7 3.5 16.3 -0.32
 Senegal 11.0 5.2 18.5 3.6 14.4 -0.24
 Malawi 10.6 3.3 20.0 6.1 19.2 -0.45
 Ghana 10.5 1.8 20.0 11.2 9.8 0.08
 Uganda 10.4 3.7 19.4 5.2 21.7 -0.52
 Austria 10.4 4.6 16.6 3.6 15.8 -0.34
 Canada 10.3 5.4 15.3 2.9 10.7 -0.03
 New Zealand 10.3 5.4 15.4 2.9 12.4 -0.17
 Cuba 10.2 4.1 16.7 4.1 15.6 -0.35
 Niger 10.1 6.4 14.1 2.2 9.5 0.07
 Norway 9.9 6.3 13.4 2.1 13.0 -0.24
 Switzerland 9.8 5.7 14.2 2.5 15.9 -0.38
 Nepal 9.8 2.9 18.6 6.3 10.9 -0.10
 Pakistan 9.8 4.8 14.6 3.1 11.1 -0.12
 France 9.7 4.5 15.2 3.3 15.8 -0.39
 Singapore 9.7 6.4 12.7 2.0 11.4 -0.16
 Gambia 9.6 6.2 13.3 2.1 11.1 -0.13
 Fiji 9.5 6.0 13.1 2.2 11.7 -0.19
 Czech Republic 9.5 3.8 15.4 4.1 13.4 -0.29
 Ethiopia 9.5 5.2 14.2 2.7 18.4 -0.49
 Rwanda 9.5 5.0 14.8 2.9 25.6 -0.63
 Slovakia 9.3 2.6 16.7 6.5 12.6 -0.26
 Poland 9.3 2.4 16.5 6.8 15.3 -0.39
 Netherlands 9.3 6.1 12.5 2.1 8.1 0.15
 Madagascar 9.2 5.4 13.3 2.5 10.8 -0.15
 Ireland 8.9 3.6 14.3 4.0 12.1 -0.26
 Brazil 6.4 2.8 10.3 3.6 4.5 0.42
 Mauritius 8.8 2.5 15.0 5.9 11.5 -0.24
 Luxembourg 8.6 5.4 11.8 2.2 13.4 -0.36
 Comoros 8.5 5.8 11.3 2.0 10.9 -0.22
 Kyrgyzstan 8.3 3.5 13.5 3.8 17.6 -0.53
 Trinidad and Tobago 8.3 3.7 13.1 3.6 16.2 -0.49
 Uzbekistan 8.3 4.9 11.8 2.4 12.0 -0.31
 Germany 8.3 3.9 12.8 3.3 11.2 -0.26
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.3 3.4 13.5 4.0 8.1 0.01
 North Korea 8.2 6.3 10.6 1.7 10.3 -0.20
 Tanzania 8.2 3.7 13.5 3.6 15.6 -0.48
 Argentina 8.1 3.3 13.5 4.1 9.2 -0.12
 Chile 8.0 3.0 13.4 4.5 10.5 -0.24
 Mali 8.0 5.7 10.5 1.8 8.8 -0.09
 Thailand 8.0 2.3 13.9 6.0 11.6 -0.31
 Serbia 7.9 3.9 12.2 3.1 18.9 -0.58
 Seychelles 7.7 1.3 14.0 10.5 9.8 -0.21
 Ecuador 7.7 3.6 11.9 3.3 6.8 0.12
 Belize 7.7 1.8 13.6 7.5 10.0 -0.24
 Georgia 7.7 2.2 14.0 6.4 6.6 0.16
 Denmark 7.6 4.2 11.1 2.6 12.5 -0.39
 Costa Rica 7.6 1.9 13.3 6.9 6.9 0.11
 Liberia 7.4 5.5 9.4 1.7 8.8 -0.16
 Romania 7.3 2.4 12.6 5.3 11.3 -0.35
 Morocco 7.3 4.7 10.1 2.1 10.8 -0.33
 Portugal 7.2 3.5 11.6 3.4 5.5 0.32
 Vietnam 7.2 4.2 10.6 2.5 7.2 0.01
 Bahrain 7.2 2.3 9.9 4.3 7.0 0.02
 North Macedonia 7.2 3.5 11.0 3.1 8.7 -0.17
 Yemen 7.1 5.3 9.0 1.7 8.5 -0.17
 United Kingdom 6.9 3.4 10.4 3.1 7.7 -0.11
 Nigeria 6.9 3.8 10.1 2.7 9.2 -0.25
 Saint Lucia 6.9 1.5 12.5 8.5 8.1 -0.15
 Bolivia 6.8 4.2 9.6 2.3 8.4 -0.19
 South Sudan 6.7 3.4 10.4 3.1 7.9 -0.15
 China 6.7 4.8 8.6 1.8 14.9 -0.55
 Bulgaria 6.5 2.9 10.6 3.7 14.0 -0.54
 Guatemala 6.2 2.5 10.3 4.1 13.5 -0.54
 Paraguay 6.2 3.3 9.0 2.8 3.6 0.69
 El Salvador 6.1 2.1 11.1 5.4 6.7 -0.09
 Turkmenistan 6.1 2.9 9.4 3.2 13.8 -0.56
 Laos 6.0 3.5 8.6 2.5 8.7 -0.31
 Afghanistan 6.0 5.7 6.2 1.1 7.7 -0.23
 Malaysia 5.8 2.4 9.0 3.8 6.1 -0.05
 Cambodia 5.5 3.1 8.4 2.8 6.8 -0.20
 Mauritania 5.5 3.9 7.4 1.9 6.4 -0.14
 Saudi Arabia 5.4 1.9 7.8 4.1 3.8 0.41
 Malta 5.3 2.3 8.4 3.7 6.0 -0.11
 Tajikistan 5.3 3.4 7.4 2.2 5.1 0.05
 Mexico 5.4 2.2 8.7 4.0 3.9 0.37
 Spain 5.3 2.8 7.9 2.8 6.6 -0.20
 United Arab Emirates 5.2 2.6 6.3 2.4 8.0 -0.35
 Israel 5.2 2.1 8.3 3.9 6.8 -0.24
 Iran 5.1 2.8 7.5 2.7 8.0 -0.36
 Dominican Republic 5.1 1.9 8.5 4.6 4.9 0.04
 Bhutan 5.1 3.1 6.8 2.2 6.9 -0.27
 Sudan 4.8 3.3 6.3 1.9 5.6 -0.14
 Iraq 4.7 2.4 7.3 3.0 5.3 -0.10
 Nicaragua 4.7 1.9 7.8 4.1 6.3 -0.26
 Qatar 4.7 1.7 5.7 3.4 7.6 -0.39
 East Timor 4.5 2.4 6.7 2.8 4.9 -0.07
 Libya 4.5 2.9 6.1 2.1 5.3 -0.15
 Oman 4.5 1.1 6.4 5.7 6.7 -0.33
 Tonga 4.4 2.9 5.9 2.0 5.1 -0.15
 Italy 4.3 2.1 6.7 3.2 5.5 -0.22
 Azerbaijan 4.0 1.5 6.6 4.5 3.4 0.16
 Bangladesh 3.9 1.7 6.0 3.6 6.9 -0.44
 Colombia 3.7 1.7 6.0 3.5 5.3 -0.29
 Albania 3.7 2.2 5.3 2.4 5.2 -0.29
 Greece 3.6 1.5 5.9 4.1 2.9 0.27
 Papua New Guinea 3.6 1.9 5.2 2.7 2.8 0.26
 Egypt 3.4 2.2 4.7 2.1 3.6 -0.06
 Bahamas 3.4 1.2 5.8 4.7 2.5 0.33
 Cyprus 3.2 1.1 5.3 5.0 1.9 0.66
 Tunisia 3.2 1.8 4.6 2.5 3.9 -0.18
 Myanmar 3.0 1.1 5.1 4.7 5.1 -0.42
 Panama 2.9 1.0 4.8 4.9 5.9 -0.52
 Lebanon 2.8 1.7 3.9 2.3 3.0 -0.08
 Maldives 2.8 0.9 4.1 4.8 5.3 -0.48
 Peru 2.7 1.4 4.1 3.0 3.4 -0.20
 Armenia 2.7 1.0 4.9 4.8 3.3 -0.19
 Kuwait 2.7 0.7 3.8 5.2 3.1 -0.14
 Algeria 2.6 1.9 3.3 1.7 4.7 -0.44
 Honduras 2.6 1.0 4.4 4.5 3.0 -0.14
 Indonesia 2.6 1.2 4.0 3.5 3.8 -0.33
 Brunei 2.5 0.8 4.2 5.4 1.7 0.48
 Philippines 2.5 1.3 3.9 2.9 2.3 0.12
 Turkey 2.3 1.2 3.6 3.0 4.2 -0.44
 Jamaica 2.3 1.0 3.6 3.6 2.1 0.11
 São Tomé and Príncipe 2.2 1.2 3.3 2.9 2.2 -0.02
 Syria 2.1 0.8 3.5 4.7 2.0 0.05
 Venezuela 2.1 0.7 3.7 5.3 6.4 -0.67
 Jordan 2.0 0.9 3.0 3.3 3.5 -0.43
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.0 0.7 1.3 2.0 6.5 -0.84
 Grenada 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 2.1 -0.70
 Antigua and Barbuda 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.0 -0.84
 Barbados 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.1 2.6 -0.88

Analysis

[edit]
Deaths per million persons from self-inflicted injuries in 2012. Countries by income group.
Suicide rates by income group in 2012 (per 100,000 people)[16]
Income group (% of global pop) Suicides, 2012
(in thousands)		 Global % Rate
(2012)		 Male:Female
(2012)
High-income countries (18.3%) 197 24.5% 12.7 3.5 : 1
Upper-middle-income countries (34.3%) 192 23.8% 7.5 1.3 : 1
Lower-middle-income countries (35.4%) 333 41.4% 14.1 1.7 : 1
Low-income countries (12.0%) 82 10.2% 13.4 1.7 : 1
Global  (100.0%) 804 100.0% 11.4 1.9 : 1

Male and female suicide rates are out of total male population and total female population, respectively (i.e. total number of male suicides divided by total male population). Age-standardized rates account for the influence that different population age distributions might have on the analysis of crude death rates, statistically addressing the prevailing trends by age-groups and populations' structures, to enhance long term cross-national comparability: based on age-groups' deviation from standardized population structures, rates are rounded up or down (age-adjustment). Basically, the presence of younger individuals in any given age structure carries more weight: if the rate is rounded up that means the median age is lower than average for that region (or country), and vice versa when rounded down.

Most countries listed above report a higher male suicide rate, as worldwide there are about 3 male suicides out of 4, or a factor of 3:1 (for example,[17] in the United States was 3.36 in 2015, and 3.53 in 2016).[a]

Though age-standardization is common statistical process to categorize mortality data for comparing purposes this approach by WHO is based on estimates which take into account issues such as under-reporting, resulting in rates differing from the official national statistics prepared and endorsed by individual countries (and revisions are also performed periodically). Also, age-adjusted rates are mortality rates that would have existed if all populations under study had the same age distribution as a "standard" population. Plain, crude estimated rates are available at here and here. Countries with a population less than 100 000 are excluded.

Countries with large internal discrepancies are complicated to assess. Canada, a country with a comparatively low suicide rate overall at 10.3 incidents per 100,000 people, exhibits one such discrepancy. When comparing the suicide rate of Indigenous peoples in Canada, the rate of suicide increases to 24.3 incidents per 100,000 people:[19] a rate among the ten highest in the world. There are numerous differences in living standards and income that contribute to this phenomenon, classed as an epidemic in Canada.[20]

List by other sources and years (1985–2019)

[edit]
Suicide rate per 100,000 people by country (1978–2009)[21]

In the list below various sources from various years are included, mixing plain crude rates with age-adjusted rates and estimated rates, so cross-national comparability is somewhat skewed.

* indicates "Suicide in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Mental Health in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

Suicides per 100,000 people per year[22]
Country Male Female Overall Sources & Year
 Greenland * (Danish Realm) 75.08 25.18 53.34 2019[23]
 Lithuania * 32.2 6.7 18.6 2022[24][25][26]
 South Korea * 35.9 16.2 26.0 2021[27]
 Guyana * 41.25 10.20 25.52 2017[28][29]
 Kazakhstan * 40.68 8.01 23.81 2017[29]
 Slovenia 18.09 2016[24]
 Sri Lanka * [30][31] 14.6 2018
 Hungary [24] 17.98 2016
 Belarus * 20.5 2017[32]
 Taiwan (Estimate) [b] 20.1 2018[33]
 Ukraine * 22.4 2016[35]
 Uruguay * 37.2 9.9 23.3 2022[36][37]
 Latvia 18.56 2016[24]
 Moldova 15.9 2016[38]
 Serbia [24] 13.52 2016
 Belgium 17.0 2016[39][note 3][40][note 4]
 Japan * 23.1 10.1 16.5 2018[41][42]
 Taiwan (Government data) [c] 21.0 11.6 16.2 2022[33]
 Croatia 16 2016[24][43]
 Bhutan * 12.16 2017[44]
 Austria 23.8 7.1 13.69 2016[24]
 South Africa 15.4 2005[45]
 Estonia 14.31 2016[24][46]
 France * 13.21 2016[24]
 Suriname 23.9 4.8 14.4 2005
 Finland * 22.3 6.9 14.26 2016[24][47]
 European Union 10.33 2016[24][48]
 United States * 21.8 6.0 14.5 2017[49][50][51]
 Poland 12.28 2016[24][52]
 Russia * 13.7 2017[53]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.6 2012[54]
 Czech Republic 12.57 2016[24]
 Germany [24][55] 11.29 2016
 Cuba 19.0 5.5 12.3 2008
 Bulgaria 9.24 2016[40]
 New Zealand 19.0 5.8 12.3 2014–15[56][57]
 Hong Kong * 16.2 8.8 12.3 2011[58]
 Sweden * 11.73 2016[24][59]
 Portugal 8.95 2016[40][60]
 Romania * 10.13 2016[24]
 Norway 12.08 2016[24]
 United Kingdom * 11.2 2018[61]
 Canada * 16.9 5.3 11.5 2009[62]
 Iceland 12.3 2016[24][63]
 Chile 18.2 4.2 11.2 2007
 Switzerland * 17 5.8 11.2 2011[64]
 Netherlands 18.0 6.0 12.0 2015[40]
 Trinidad and Tobago 17.9 3.8 10.7 2006
 India * 13.0 7.8 10.5 2009
 Ireland 17.4 3.4 10.3 2013[65]
 Singapore * 13.3 7.3 10.3 2012[66]
 Australia * 20.1 6.3 13.1 2019[67]
 Slovakia 7.48 2016[40]
 China * [68] 9.8 2014
 Venezuela 9.5 2019[69]
 Kyrgyzstan 14.1 3.6 8.8 2009
 Turkmenistan 13.8 3.5 8.6 1998
 Spain * 12.7 4.1 8.3 2013[70]
 North Macedonia 12.6 3.9 8.0 2009[40]
 El Salvador 12.9 3.6 8.0 2008
 Italy 12.7 3.8 8.0 2016
 Zimbabwe 10.6 5.2 7.9 1990
 Luxembourg 13.2 2.9 7.8 2008[40]
 Argentina 12.6 3.0 7.7 2008
 Ecuador 10.5 3.6 7.1 2009
 Mauritius 11.8 1.9 6.8 2008
 Costa Rica 10.2 1.9 6.1 2009
 Thailand 9.7 2.58 6.03 2013[71]
 Mongolia 8.6 3.1 5.85 2011
 Israel 9.9 2.1 5.8 2007[72]
 Nicaragua 9.0 2.6 5.8 2006
 Panama 9.0 1.9 5.5 2008
 Turkey 6.34 1.90 4.12 2019[73]
 Colombia 7.9 2.0 4.9 2007
 Brazil 7.7 2.0 4.8 2008
 Uzbekistan 7.0 2.3 4.7 2005
 Cambodia 4.6 2008
 Georgia 7.1 1.7 4.3 2009
 Albania 4.7 3.3 4.0 2003[74]
 Mexico * 6.8 1.3 4.0 2008
 Honduras 3.84 2011[75]
 Bahrain 4.0 3.5 3.8 2006
 Belize 6.6 0.7 3.7 2008
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.4 1.9 3.7 2008
 Paraguay 5.1 2.0 3.6 2008
 Cyprus 5.9 1.3 3.6 2009[40]
 Guatemala 5.6 1.7 3.6 2008
 Barbados 7.3 0.0 3.5 2006
 Greece * 6.1 1.0 3.5 2009
 Malta 5.9 1.0 3.4 2008
 Iran * 3.9 2.1 3.4 2013[76][77]
 Philippines 4.5 1.0 2.75 2005[78]
 Tajikistan 2.9 2.3 2.6 2001
 Saint Lucia 4.9 0.0 2.4 2005
 Dominican Republic 3.9 0.7 2.3 2005
 Armenia 2.8 1.1 1.9 2008
 Kuwait 1.9 1.7 1.8 2009
 Bahamas 1.9 0.6 1.2 2005
 Pakistan * 1.45 0.71 1.10 2012[79]
 Peru 1.1 0.6 0.9 2000
 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.0 1.8 0.9 1987
 Azerbaijan 1.0 0.3 0.6 2007
 Maldives 0.7 0.0 0.3 2005
 Jamaica 0.3 0.0 0.1 1990
 Syria 0.2 0.0 0.1 1985
 Jordan 0.2 0.0 0.1 2008[80]
 Egypt 0.1 0.0 0.1 2009
 Grenada 0.0 0.0 0.0 2008
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0 0.0 0.0 1995
 Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 0.0 0.0 1995
 Haiti 0.0 0.0 0.0 2003
 Nepal * 0.0 0.0 0.0 2003
  1. ^ The male-female ratio shown below is based on the age-standardized rates: as compared to WHO world standard population, women's median age and life expectancy might be greater than that of men's for that country when rounded up, and vice versa when rounded down.[18]
  2. ^ Nevertheless, jumping from a high building as well as drowning were common methods of suicide in Taiwan,[note 2][33][34] indicating the potential risks of type I and type II errors and misuse of statistics within the government's report. Hence, if halves of the death rates of the drowning and fall that were shown in government's report were extracted and added into the self-inflicted deaths (intentional injury death of self), it yields 0.0201% which is thought better reflecting the real case.
  3. ^ Furthermore, jumping from a high building as well as drowning were common methods of suicide in Taiwan.[note 5][33][34]

See also

[edit]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The first global estimates on suicide mortality began in the early 1980s, as a single World Bank-commissioned study on general mortality data compiled by the WHO as the first work of its kind on the global burden of disease (GBD).[1] In the following years, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation acted as the coordinating center for the study then resulted in the collaboration between several researchers and institutions from many countries.[2]
  2. ^ In government's annual release, there were 3637 people per one hundred thousands of people in 2018 died of contacting poison, accidental fall, exposure to fire or smoke, accidental drowning including sinking beneath water to death in addition to the suicidal death that was equal to 3865 people per 100,000 people.
  3. ^ Recently released figures by official Belgian authorities suggest a considerably higher rate of 17.0 persons (total) per 100,000 people per annum in 2009 (5,712 cases in a population of 10,749,000 (=10,666,866 as of 1 January 2008 increasing by 0,77% per annum.) as of 1 January 2009)."Toenemend aantal zelfdodingen in Belgie" (in Dutch). 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012.
  4. ^ The number of death in Belgium in 2008 due to suicide "zichzelf schade toebrengen" was reported at 2000 out of a total of 103.760 death. These death comprise 1453 men and 547 women. This puts the suicide rate at about 19 per 100.000. See statbel: http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/binaries/NL%20-%20Tableau%201%2E3_T_2008_tcm325-168456.pdf Archived 28 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ In government's annual release, there were 3637 people per one hundred thousands people in 2018 died of contacting poison, accidental fall, exposure to fire or smoke, accidental drowning, or sinking beneath water that were excluded from the statistical suicidal death figure equal to 3865 people per 100,000 people.
  • The updated figure of suicide rates in Belgium for 2011 is 2,084 with a total population of 10,933,607, equivalent to 18.96 per 100,000 inhabitants (source: Het Nieuwsblad, 10 April 2014).
  • Taiwan is not a member of the WHO. The Taiwanese government adopted the WHO standard in 2007. According to the Taiwanese government's self-released data, the figure is standardized based upon the population within Taiwan.[81][82]

References

[edit]
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[edit]
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