Heimattreue Front
The Heimattreue Front (Patriotic Front) was a political party established in 1935 as a successor to the Christliche Volkspartei which demanded the attachment of the Belgian East Cantons to Germany, from which they had been detached in 1920.[1] It was absorbed into the Nazi Party in May 1940, after the occupation by Nazi Germany.[2]
Background
[edit]In the 1930s, the tension between those in favour of remaining in Belgium and those in favour of joining Germany increased to such an extent that four leaders of the Heimatbund, including the former chairman of the Christliche Volkspartei, A. Josef Dehottay, were deported to Germany and stripped of their Belgian nationality in 1935.[3] As a result, this party did not field any candidates in the 1936 legislative elections and called on people to join the Heimattreue Front, which advocated a blank vote. The blank votes won an absolute majority, while the Catholic Party won 53% of the votes cast, the Parti ouvrier belge (POB) 12.7% and the Rexists 26.4%.[4][5]
In the next elections, in 1939, the Catholic Party obtained 38.6%, the POB 4% and the Liberal Party 3.4%, while the Heimattreue Front obtained 45.1% of the vote, which was not as absolute a success as in other German-speaking regions bordering Germany, such as the Territory of the Saar Basin (Deutsche Front), Sudetenland (Sudeten German Party), Free City of Danzig and Memel Territory (Memelländische Einheitsliste).
Results of the 1939 parliamentary elections[6]
| Canton of Eupen | Canton of Saint-Vith | Canton of Malmedy | Verviers district | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | votes | % | votes | % | votes | % | voice | % |
| Heimattreue Front | 3,219 | 48.67 % | 2,073 | 44.73 % | 2,441 | 43.09 % | 8,057 | 11.83 % |
| Catholic Party | 2,526 | 38.19 % | 1,948 | 43.04 % | 2,056 | 36.29 % | 21,701 | 31.85 % |
| Rex | 276 | 4.17 % | 439 | 9.47 % | 438 | 7.73 % | 4,806 | 7.05 % |
| Socialist Party | 265 | 4.1 % | 140 | 3.02 % | 288 | 5.8 % | 14,779 | 21.69 % |
| Liberal Party | 221 | 3.34 % | 23 | 0.5 % | 378 | 6.67 % | 11,835 | 17.37 % |
| Communist Party | 107 | 1.62 % | 11 | 0.24 % | 64 | 1.13 % | 6.948 | 10.2 % |
| Valid votes | 6,614 | 4,634 | 5,665 | 68,127 | ||||
Under the Nazi occupation
[edit]The departed or deposed Belgian mayors were replaced after may 1940 by Heimattreue Front activists, e.g. in Eupen, Ortsgruppenleiter Walter Rexroth, Kreisleiter Wilhelm Buhrke in Malmedy and Franz Genten in Sankt-Vith, although the 2 latter were removed in the autumn 1940.[2]
Sources
[edit]- ^ Christoph Brüll, "Heimattreue Front", BelgiumWWII
- ^ a b Christoph Brüll, "The “Forcefully Enrolled” into the Wehrmacht: Symbol of the Turbulent Past of German-Speaking Belgians in the Twentieth Century", Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, vol. 241, no. 1, 2011, pp. 63-74.
- ^ They were Josef Dehottay, Pierre Dehottay (his son), Henri Dehottay (his brother) and Paul Foxius (Dehottay's secretary): "Whereas it is established by the very admission of the defendants that the Landwirtschaftliche Verband, Zentralkasse, Kreisbauernschaft d'Eupen, Heimatbund, Christliche Volkspartei and Landbote are instruments intended to thwart the political assimilation that Belgium is legitimately and wisely carrying out in the redeemed Cantons and to pursue the return of the latter to Germany ; that consequently all these organisations and associations must be considered as unlawful and contrary to public order . ..." cf. Bruno Kartheuser, "Subversion nazie et action secrète. L'encadrement nazi et allemand des cantons de l'Est de la Belgique. Episodes, aperçus, constaté", in: Colloque de Metz, Annexion,nazification et mémoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale Archived 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, Université de Metz, 7-8 November 2003, pp. 27-46
- ^ Jean-Jacques Messiaen; Arlette Musick (1985). Verviers. Mémoire ouvrière - Histoire des fédérations. Bruxelles: Présence et Action Culturelles. p. 126.
- ^ Alfred Minke, "La Communauté germanophone: l'évolution d'une terre d'entre-deux", in: La Wallonie, une région en Europe, CIFE-IJD, 1997
- ^ Official site for Belgian electoral results since 1848