British rule in the Lushai Hills
| South Lushai Hills (1889–1898) North Lushai Hills (1891–1898) Lushai Hills (1898–1947) Mizoram[1] | |||||||||
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| Part of Bengal Presidency (1889–1898) Integrated with Assam (1889–1912) District of Assam Province (1912–1947) | |||||||||
| 1889–1947 | |||||||||
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| Capital | Lungleh (1889–1898)[a] Aijal (1889–1947) | ||||||||
| Demonym | British Indian Lushai | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1901 | 82,434[1] | ||||||||
• 1941 | 152,786[1] | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||
• 1889–1901 | Victoria | ||||||||
• 1901–1910 | Edward VII | ||||||||
• 1910–1936 | George V | ||||||||
• 1936 | Edward VIII | ||||||||
• 1936–1947 | George VI | ||||||||
| Superintendent | |||||||||
• 1891–1896 (first)[2] | John Shakespear | ||||||||
• 1943–1947 (last)[3] | Alexander Ronald Hume MacDonald | ||||||||
| Historical era | Colonial era | ||||||||
| 4 March 1889 | |||||||||
| 1871–1872, 1883–1888 | |||||||||
• Divided into North Lushai Hills and South Lushai Hills | 1889 | ||||||||
• North given to Assam | July 3, 1890 | ||||||||
• South placed under Bengal Presidency | April 1, 1891 | ||||||||
• North and South merged | April 1, 1898 | ||||||||
• Independence declared | 15 August 1947 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Mizoram | ||||||||
British rule in the Lushai Hills, spanning from the late 1889 to the 1947, commenced with the Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90 leading to the formal establishment of the two administrative districts (North Lushai Hills, South Lushai Hills) in 1889 and continued through the integration of the regions into the province of Assam with both districts being merged as the Lushai Hills[4] until India gained independence in 1947.
After the Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90, South Lushai Hills was occupied in 1889, and the following year, it was formally annexed, becoming part of Bengal Presidency.[5] North Lushai Hills was also occupied in 1889, and became part of British Assam. On 1889, the two districts merged and continued to be part of British Assam. On 1912, it was put into British India's Assam Province.[6]
British discovery of the Lushai Hills
[edit]The Lushai people and the British colonial area started to engage in war in September 1826. About ten miles south of Tlawng river, traveled a Mizo village leader named Buangtheuva (known to the British as "Bungteya") and his troops, who then invaded the Sylhet forest's timber.[7] In addition to taking some slaves home, they slaughtered an unknown number of people. Thus, the British came to perceive the Lushais (then known as Looshais) as a vicious and barbaric tribe as a result of this event.[8]
Invasion of the Lushai Hills
[edit]It was thought that the British invaded the Lushai Hills not because of any commercial desire but due to series of Mizo invasions to the plains.[9]
The Lushai chiefs relentlessly and viciously invaded Chittagong, Cachar, Tripura, Sylhet, and Manipur between the end of 1870 and the beginning of 1871. Up to 20 invasions were said to have occurred during this time.[10]
Mary Winchester incident
[edit]The raid of Katlichhera and Alexandrapur by Sailam chief Bengkhuaia appeared to be the most important of all Lushai chief invasions, having a tremendous influence on the lives and destiny of the Lushai people. James Winchester, the tea owner of Alexandrapur, was killed, and the Mizos kidnapped his daughter Mary Winchester (Mizo: Zolûti).
Administration
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Demographics
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Notelist
[edit]- ^ Lungleh was the capital only for the South Lushai Hills.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Mizo Chanchin, Bu II – A History of Lushai Hills, Part II [1947]", British Library, EAP454/13/12, https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP454-13-12
- ^ Rao, C. Hayavadana (ed.). . . Madras: Pillar & Co.
- ^ Vanlalhmangaihsanga, R. "Political History of Lushai Hills since the Pre-Colonial Era" (PDF). Mizoram University Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences. VI (1). ISSN 2395-7352.
- ^ Chaterjee, Suhas (1985). Mizoram under the British rule. Mittal Publication. p. 225.
- ^ Zorema, J (2021). The South Lushai Hills. Om Publications, https://www.ompublications.in/product/books/OM50888
- ^ https://dclunglei.mizoram.gov.in/page/about
- ^ https://misual.life/2011/05/15/sailo-thlahtu-bul-leh-an-taidarh-dan/
- ^ Zorema, J. (2007). Indirect Rule In Mizoram 1890- 1954. New Delhi: Mittal Publication.
- ^ R. Vanlalhmangaihsanga. Political History of Lushai Hills since the Pre-Colonial Era. mzuhssjournal, http://mzuhssjournal.in/images/resources/v6n1/vanlalhmangaihsanga.pdf
- ^ Lalthangliana, B. (2009). Mizo Chanchin (Reprinted). Aizawl, Electric Veng: Gilzom Offset.
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