Audioanalgesia
| Audioanalgesia | |
|---|---|
| MeSH | D001297 |
Audioanalgesia (or audio-analgesia) is the relief of pain (analgesia) using white noise or music (that is, via audio equipment) without using pharmacological agents (that is, without analgesic drugs), usually during painful medical procedures such as dental treatments or some outpatient surgical procedures. It was first introduced by Gardner and Licklider in 1959 for the context of dental procedures.[1][2]
There are many studies of this technique in dental,[3] obstetric,[4] and palliative care[5] contexts. The most recent review reports mixed results for effectiveness,[6] making audioanalgesia a questionable pain management strategy for painful procedures: it might prove useful in distraction and sensory confusion, but it is inadequate analgesia unless combined with pain relief medications. This makes it similar to breathing exercises during labor cramps before epidural administration of anesthetics. The theme is that something that is slightly helpful can be a valid adjunct but is not adequate for the given task when used alone, except perhaps in a minority of patients (eg, drug allergies, patient choice). [citation needed]
It has also been suggested that music may stimulate the production of endorphins and catecholamines.[citation needed]
Audioanalgesia self-evidently has some neurophysiologic analogies to stimming for relief of psychomotor agitation (especially auditory stimming) and in fact to any act of listening to white noise, calming sounds, or music for purposes of stress relief and relaxation. The full mapping of those analogies (including the identification of any common neural pathways shared by these analogues) awaits further development of neuroscience.
See also
[edit]- Anesthesia
- Music therapy, another form of using auditory stimuli for therapeutic purposes
References
[edit]- ^ Gardner, WJ; Licklider JC (1959). "Auditory analgesia in dental operations". J Am Dent Assoc. 59 (6): 1144–1149. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1959.0251. PMID 13826544.
- ^ Gardner, W. J., Licklider, J. C. R., & Weisz, A. Z. (1960). Suppression of Pain by Sound. Science, 132, 32-33.
- ^ British Dental Journal
- ^ P. Simkin, A. Bolding "Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering" Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, Volume 49, no. 6, p. 489-504 online version Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Phillip J. Wiffen, "Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care" Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy Volume 18, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 79 – 85 Cochrane Library
- ^ "A survey investigation of the effects of music listening on chronic pain" Laura A. Mitchell et al, Psychology of Music abstract
Further reading
[edit]- Weisbrod, R. L. (1969). "Audio analgesia revisited". Anesthesia Progress. 16 (1): 8–14. PMC 2235527. PMID 5250548.
- "Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Relieve Labor Pain: Music and Audioanalgesia". Medscape Today. WebMD. Retrieved 2009-06-23.