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Main article: List of Harvard University people

The list of Harvard University politicians includes notable politicians affiliated with Harvard University.

Heads of state

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
John Adams (1735–1826) 1755 – College; 1758 – A.M. President of the United States [1]
John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) 1787 – College; 1790 – A.M. President of the United States [2]
Arnulfo Arias (born 1901) 1925 – HMS President of Panama
George W. Bush (born 1946) 1973 – HBS President of the United States [3]
Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (born 1962) 2000 – HKS President of Mexico [4]
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (born 1963) 2002 – HKS President of Mongolia
José María Figueres (born 1954) 1991 – HKS President of Costa Rica [5]
Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) 1845 – Law President of the United States [6]
John F. Kennedy (1917–1963) 1940 – College President of the United States; namesake of Harvard Kennedy School [7]
Miguel de la Madrid (1934-2012) 1965 – HKS President of Mexico [8]
Jamil Mahuad (born 1949) 1989 – HKS President of Ecuador [9]
Barack Obama (born 1961) 1991 – Law President of the United States [10]
Sebastián Piñera (born 1949) 1976 – PhD in Economics President of Chile [11]
Syngman Rhee (1875–1965) 1909 – A.M. President of South Korea [12]
Mary Robinson (born 1944) 1968 – HLS President of Ireland [13]
Eduardo Rodríguez (born 1956) 1988 – HKS President of Bolivia [14]
Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) 1880 – College President of the United States [15]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945) 1904 – College President of the United States [16]
Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999) 1940 – LLM. President of India [17]
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948) 1973 – HKS; 1976 A.M.; 1978 PhD President of Mexico [18]
Juan Manuel Santos 1981 – HKS President of Colombia [19]
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf 1971 – HKS President of Liberia [20]
Álvaro Uribe (born 1953) 1993 – Extension President of Colombia [21]
Ma Ying-Jeou (born 1950) 1981 – S.J.D. President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) [22]

Heads of government

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (born 1965) HKS – 1999 President of Puntland; Prime Minister of Somalia [23]
Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007) College 1973 Prime Minister of Pakistan [24]
Gro Harlem Brundtland (born 1939) Master of Public Health – 1965 Prime Minister of Norway [25]
Roberto Dañino (born 1951) Law Prime Minister of Peru
Tom Davis (1917–2007) Master of Public Health 1952 Prime Minister of the Cook Islands
Han Duck-soo (born 1949) PhD 1984 Prime Minister of South Korea
Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal (1924-2010) College 1946 Prime Minister of Iceland
William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874–1950) A.M. 1898; PhD 1909 Prime Minister of Canada [26]
Lee Hsien Loong (born 1952) HKS 1980 Prime Minister of Singapore [27]
Beatriz Merino (born 1947) Law Prime Minister of Peru
Najib Mikati (born 1955) 2004 – Business Prime Minister of Lebanon [28]
Kyriakos Mitsotakis (born 1968) College 1990 Prime Minister of Greece
Miklós Németh (born 1948) GSAS 1976 Prime Minister of Hungary
Fan Noli (1882–1965) College 1912 Prime Minister of Albania [29]
Nguyen Xuan Oanh (1921–2003) HBS Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Andreas Papandreou (1919–1996) A.M. 1942; PhD 1943; lecturer and associate professor Prime Minister of Greece [30]
Kiril Petkov (born 1980) Prime Minister of Bulgaria [31]
Samir Rifai (born 1966) College 1988 Prime Minister of Jordan
Zaid al-Rifai (born 1936) College 1957 Prime Minister of Jordan
Omar Razzaz (born 1961) Prime Minister of Jordan
Antonis Samaras (born 1951) HBS 1976 Prime Minister of Greece
Maia Sandu (born 1972) HKS Prime Minister of Moldova
Lobsang Sangay (born 1963) Prime Minister of the Central Tibetan Administration
Alfred Sant (born 1948) HBS 1979 Prime Minister of Malta
Edward Seaga (born 1930) College 1952 Prime Minister of Jamaica [32]
Aziz Sedki (1920–2008) College 1950 Prime Minister of Egypt
Frederick Sumaye (born 1950) HKS 2007 Prime Minister of Tanzania [33]
Tshering Tobgay (born 1965) HKS 2004 Prime Minister of Bhutan
Pierre Trudeau (1919–2000) HKS 1945 Prime Minister of Canada [34]
William Lai (1959-) Master's degree in public health 2003 Premier of the Republic of China [35]
Pita Limjaroenrat (born 1980) HKS 2011 Prime Minister-Designate of Thailand

US cabinet secretaries

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Spencer Abraham (born 1952) Law 1979 United States Secretary of Energy, United States Senator [36]
Dean Acheson (1893–1971) Law 1918 United States Secretary of State [37]
Alexander Acosta (born 1969) College 1990, Law 1994 United States Secretary of Labor
Brock Adams (1927–2004) Law 1952 United States Secretary of Transportation [38]
Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954) College 1888; Law 1892 United States Secretary of the Navy [39]
Bruce Babbitt (born 1938) Law 1965 United States Secretary of the Interior, Governor of Arizona [40]
Robert Bacon (1860–1919) College 1880 United States Secretary of State [41]
Joseph Barr (1918–1996) A.M. 1941 United States Secretary of the Treasury [42]
William Bennett (born 1943) Law 1971 United States Secretary of Education, activist [43]
Francis Biddle (1886–1968) College 1909; Law 1911 United States Attorney General [44]
Charles Bonaparte (1851–1921) College 1870, Law 1872 United States Attorney General
Nicholas F. Brady (born 1930) Business 1954 United States Secretary of the Treasury [45]
James H. Burnley IV (born 1948) Law 1973 United States Secretary of Transportation
Sylvia Mathews Burwell (born 1965) College 1987 United States Secretary of Health and Human Services [46]
Joseph Califano (born 1931) Law 1955 United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [47]
Frank Carlucci (1930-2018) Business 1955 United States Secretary of Defense
Julián Castro (born 1974) Law 2000 United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Elaine Chao (born 1953) Business 1979 United States Secretary of Labor, United States Secretary of Transportation [48]
Michael Chertoff (born 1953) College 1975; Law 1978 United States Secretary of Homeland Security [49]
Henry Cisneros (born 1947) HKS 1973 United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development [50]
William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. (1920-2017) Law 1946 United States Secretary of Transportation
John T. Connor (1914–2000) Law 1939 United States Secretary of Commerce
Caleb Cushing (1800–1878) College 1817 United States Attorney General
Charles Devens (1820–1891) College 1838, Law 1840 United States Attorney General
Samuel Dexter (1761–1816) College 1781 United States Secretary of the Treasury
C. Douglas Dillon (1909–2003) College 1931 United States Secretary of the Treasury [51]
Elizabeth Hanford Dole (born 1936) Law 1965 United States Secretary of Transportation, United States Secretary of Labor
Shaun Donovan (born 1966) College 1987; HKS 1995 United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, running for Mayor of New York City [52]
Arne Duncan (born 1964) College 1987 United States Secretary of Education
Mark Esper (born 1964) Kennedy 1995 United States Secretary of Defense
William M. Evarts (1818–1901) Law 1840 United States Attorney General, United States Secretary of State
Edward Everett (1794–1865) College 1811; A.M. 1814 United States Secretary of State [53]
Charles S. Fairchild (1842–1920) College 1863, Law 1865 United States Secretary of the Treasury
Barbara Hackman Franklin (born 1940) Business 1964 United States Secretary of Commerce [54]
Alberto Gonzales (born 1955) Law 1982 United States Attorney General [55]
Christian Herter (1895–1966) College 1915 United States Secretary of State [56]
Ebenezer R. Hoar (1816–1895) College 1835 United States Attorney General
Donald Hodel (born 1935) College 1957 United States Secretary of the Interior, United States Secretary of Energy [57]
David F. Houston (1866–1940) College 1892 United States Secretary of Agriculture [58]
Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968) College 1948 United States Attorney General, United States Senator [59]
Cameron Kerry (born 1950) College 1972 United States Secretary of Commerce
John King Jr. (born 1975) College 1995 United States Secretary of Education [60]
Richard Kleindienst (1923–2000) College 1947; Law 1950 United States Attorney General [citation needed]
Jack Lew (born 1955) College 1978 United States Secretary of the Treasury
Drew Lewis (1931-2016) Business 1955 United States Secretary of Transportation [61]
Levi Lincoln Sr. (1749–1820) College 1772 United States Attorney General
Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926) College 1864 United States Secretary of War, son of Abraham Lincoln [62]
Robert A. Lovett (1895–1986) Law, 1919, Business 1921 United States Secretary of Defense
Loretta Lynch (born 1959) College 1981, Law 1984 United States Attorney General
James Thomas Lynn (1927–2010) Law 1951 United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Neil H. McElroy (1904–1972) College 1925 United States Secretary of Defense [63]
Robert McNamara (1916–2009) Business 1939 United States Secretary of Defense [64]
Ogden L. Mills (1884–1937) College 1904, Law 1907 United States Secretary of the Treasury [65]
William Henry Moody (1853–1917) College 1876 United States Attorney General
Vivek Murthy (born 1977) College 1998 Surgeon General of the United States
Richard Olney (1835–1917) Law 1858 United States Secretary of State [66]
Henry Paulson (born 1946) Business 1970 United States Secretary of the Treasury [67]
Thomas Perez (born 1961) Law 1987, HKS 1987 United States Secretary of Labor, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
Timothy Pickering (1745–1829) College 1763 United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War [68]
Mike Pompeo (born 1963) Law 1994 United States Secretary of State, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Representative [69]
Penny Pritzker (born 1959) College 1981 United States Secretary of Commerce
Donald Regan (1918–2003) College 1940 United States Secretary of the Treasury [70]
Janet Reno (1938–2016) Law 1963 United States Attorney General [71]
Elliot Richardson (1920–1999) College 1941, Law 1947 United States Secretary of Defense, United States Attorney General [72]
William Adams Richardson (1821–1896) College 1843 United States Secretary of the Treasury
Tom Ridge (born 1946) College 1967 United States Secretary of Homeland Security [73]
Wilbur Ross (born 1937) Business 1961 United States Secretary of Commerce
Robert E. Rubin (born 1938) College 1960 United States Secretary of the Treasury; Chairman of Citigroup [74]
James Schlesinger (born 1929) College 1950; A.M. 1952; PhD 1956 United States Secretary of Defense, United States Secretary of Energy [75]
William French Smith (1917–1990) Law 1942 United States Attorney General [76]
Henry L. Stimson (1867–1950) A.M. 1889 United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War [77]
Julie Su (born 1969) Law 1994 United States Secretary of Labor (acting) [78]
Lawrence Summers (born 1954) PhD 1982; President (2001–2006); Professor United States Secretary of the Treasury [79]
Elihu B. Washburne (1816–1887) Law 1840 United States Secretary of State
Robert C. Weaver (1907–1997) College 1934 United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972) College 1914 United States Secretary of Commerce [80]
Caspar Weinberger (1917–2006) College 1938; Law 1941 United States Secretary of Defense [81]
Willard Wirtz (born 1912) Law 1937 United States Secretary of Labor [82]
Henry Kissinger (1923-2023) College 1950, M.A. 1951, PhD 1954 United States Secretary of State

US state governors

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (born 1962) Law 1987 Governor of Puerto Rico [83]
Samuel Adams (1722–1803) College 1740; A.M. 1743 Governor of Massachusetts, organizer of Boston Tea Party [84]
Henry Watkins Allen (1820–1866) Law 1858 Governor of Louisiana
Benjamin Ames (1778–1835) College 1803 Governor of Maine
Charlie Baker (born 1956) College 1979 Governor of Massachusetts
Nathaniel B. Baker (1818–1876) College 1839 Governor of New Hampshire
Robert P. Bass (1873–1960) College 1896 Governor of New Hampshire
Percival Proctor Baxter (1876–1969) Law 1901 Governor of Maine
Franklin S. Billings (1862–1935) College 1885 Governor of Vermont
James Bowdoin (1726–1790) College 1745 Governor of Massachusetts
John Q. A. Brackett (1842–1918) College 1865, Law 1868 Governor of Massachusetts
Robert F. Bradford (1902–1983) College 1923 Governor of Massachusetts
Roger Branigin (1902–1975) Law Governor of Indiana [85]
Phil Bredesen (born 1943) College 1967 Governor of Tennessee [86]
Owen Brewster (1888–1961) Law 1913 Governor of Maine
J. Melville Broughton (1888–1949) Law 1913 Governor of North Carolina
C. Farris Bryant (1914–2002) Law 1938 Governor of Florida [87]
Alexander Bullock (1816–1882) Law 1840 Governor of Massachusetts
Brendan Byrne (born 1924) Law 1950 Governor of New Jersey [88]
John Lee Carroll (1830–1911) Law 1851 Governor of Maryland
Prentice Cooper (1895–1965) Law 1921 Governor of Tennessee
Channing H. Cox (1879–1968) Law 1904 Governor of Massachusetts
Robert B. Crosby (1911–2000) Law 1935 Governor of Nebraska
Ron DeSantis (born 1978) Law 2005 Governor of Florida
Jim Doyle (born 1945) Law 1972 Governor of Wisconsin [89]
Alfred E. Driscoll (1902–1975) Law 1928 Governor of New Jersey
Michael Dukakis (born 1933) Law 1960 Governor of Massachusetts, 1988 Democratic U.S. presidential nominee [90]
Pierre S. du Pont, IV (born 1935) Law 1963 Governor of Delaware, U.S. presidential candidate [91]
George Howard Earle III (1890–1914) College 1912 Governor of Pennsylvania
Joseph B. Ely (1881–1956) Law 1905 Governor of Massachusetts
William Eustis (1753–1825) College 1772 Governor of Massachusetts
William Tudor Gardiner (1892–1953) Law 1917 Governor of Maine
Booth Gardner (born 1936) Business 1963 Governor of Washington [92]
Lucius F. C. Garvin (1841–1922) Medical 1867 Governor of Rhode Island
Samuel Goddard (1919–2006) College 1941 Governor of Arizona [93]
Jennifer Granholm (born 1959) Law 1987 Governor of Michigan [94]
Hugh Gregg (1917–2003) Law 1942 Governor of New Hampshire
Curtis Guild Jr. (1860–1915) College 1881 Governor of Massachusetts
John Hancock (1737–1793) College 1754 President of the Continental Congress, first Governor of Massachusetts [95]
Christian Herter (1895–1966) College 1915 Governor of Massachusetts
Horace Hildreth (1902–1988) Law 1928 Governor of Maine
George Hoadly (1826–1902) Law 1844 Governor of Ohio
Bob Holden (born 1949) HKS 1976 Governor of Missouri
Linwood Holton (born 1923) Law 1949 Governor of Virginia [96]
Richard B. Hubbard (1832–1901) Law 1853 Governor of Texas
Tim Kaine (born 1958) Law 1983 Governor of Virginia [97]
Edward Kent (1802–1877) College 1821 Governor of Maine
John King (1916–1996) College 1938 Governor of New Hampshire [98]
Everett J. Lake (1871–1948) College 1890 Governor of Connecticut
Ned Lamont (born 1954) College 1976 Governor of Connecticut
Frank Licht (1916–1987) Law 1941 Governor of Rhode Island [99]
Levi Lincoln Jr. (1782–1868) College 1802 Governor of Massachusetts
John Davis Lodge (1903–1985) College 1925; Law 1929 Governor of Connecticut [100]
John Davis Long (1838–1915) College 1857 Governor of Massachusetts
John Lynch (born 1952) Business 1979 Governor of New Hampshire [101]
Ray Mabus (born 1948) Law 1976 Governor of Mississippi [102]
Kenneth Mapp (born 1955) Kennedy 1999 Governor of the United States Virgin Islands
Jim McGreevey (born 1957) Education 1982 Governor of New Jersey [103][104]
Paul V. McNutt (1891–1955) Law 1916 Governor of Indiana
Carl E. Milliken (1877–1961) College 1899 Governor of Maine
Phil Murphy (born 1957) College 1979 Governor of New Jersey
Charles Paine (1799–1853) College 1816 Governor of Vermont
Deval Patrick (born 1956) College 1978; Law 1982 Governor of Massachusetts [105]
Endicott Peabody (1920–1997) College 1942; Law 1948 Governor of Massachusetts [106]
Sylvester Pennoyer (1831–1902) Law 1854 Governor of Oregon
Charles Poletti (1903–2002) College 1924, Law 1928 Governor of New York
Robert E. Quinn (1894–1975) Law 1918 Governor of Rhode Island
William F. Quinn (1919–2006) Law 1947 Governor of Hawaii
Gina Raimondo (born 1971) College 1993 Governor of Rhode Island
Bruce Rauner (born 1957) Business 1981 Governor of Illinois
John H. Reed (born 1921) Naval Supply 1944 Governor of Maine [107]
George D. Robinson (1834–1896) College 1856 Governor of Massachusetts
Buddy Roemer (1943–2021) College 1964; Business 1967 Governor of Louisiana [108]
Mitt Romney (born 1947) Business 1975; Law 1975 Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican U.S. presidential nominee [109]
William Russell (1857–1896) College 1877 Governor of Massachusetts
George L. Sheldon (born 1870) 1893 14th Governor of Nebraska [110]
Milward L. Simpson (1897–1993) Law 1925 Governor of Wyoming
Samuel E. Smith (1788–1860) College 1808 Governor of Maine
Richard Snelling (1927–1991) College 1948 Governor of Vermont [111]
Eliot Spitzer (born 1959) Law 1984 Governor of New York [112]
Caleb Strong (1745–1819) College 1763 Governor of Massachusetts
Increase Sumner (1746–1799) College 1763 Governor of Massachusetts
Bruce Sundlun (born 1920) Law 1949 Governor of Rhode Island [113]
J. Fife Symington III (born 1945) College 1968 Governor of Arizona [114]
Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785) College 1727; A.M. 1730 Governor of Connecticut [115]
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1740–1809) College 1759 Governor of Connecticut; son of John Trumbull class of 1727; served as US Speaker of the House and US Senator [116]
Jim Guy Tucker (born 1943) College 1964 Governor of Arkansas [117]
David Walters (born 1951) Business 1975 Governor of Oklahoma [118]
Mark Warner (born 1954) Law 1980 Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, co-founder of Nextel [119]
William Weld (born 1945) College 1966; Law 1970 Governor of Massachusetts [120]
William Pinkney Whyte (1824–1908) Law 1844 Governor of Maryland
Joseph H. Williams (1814–1896) College 1830 Governor of Maine
Augustus E. Willson (1846–1931) College 1865, Law 1872 Governor of Kentucky
Roger Wolcott (1847–1900) College 1870, Law 1874 Governor of Massachusetts
Glenn Youngkin (born 1966) Business 1994 Governor of Virginia, co-CEO of The Carlyle Group [121]

US senators

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Spencer Abraham (born 1952) Law 1978 [122]
Brock Adams (1927–2004) Law 1952 [123]
Samuel G. Arnold (1821–1880) Law 1845 [124]
Charles G. Atherton (1804–1853) College 1822 [125]
Robert Woodward Barnwell (1801–1882) College 1821 [126]
Jeff Bingaman (born 1943) College 1965 [127]
Hiram Bingham III (1875–1956) PhD. 1905 [128]
Richard Blumenthal (born 1946) College 1967 [129]
Mike Braun (born 1954) Business 1978 [130]
Robert J. Bulkley (1880–1965) College 1902, Law 1906 [131]
Edward R. Burke (1880–1968) Law 1911 [132]
Harold Hitz Burton (1888–1964) Law 1911 [133]
John Chafee (1922–1999) Law 1950 [134]
Christopher G. Champlin (1768–1840) College 1786 [135]
William E. Chandler (1835–1917) Law 1854 [136]
David Worth Clark (1902–1955) Law 1925 [137]
Joseph S. Clark (1901–1990) College 1923 [138]
Edward P. Costigan (1874–1939) College 1899 [139]
Tom Cotton (born 1977) College 1998, Law 2002 [140]
Samuel C. Crafts (1768–1853) College 1790 [141]
Mike Crapo (born 1951) Law 1977 [142]
Ted Cruz (born 1970) Law 1995 [143]
John Culver (born 1932) College 1954; Law 1962 [144]
Bronson M. Cutting (1888–1935) College 1910 [145]
Charles Cutts (1769–1846) College 1789 [146]
Tristram Dalton (1738–1817) College 1755 [147]
William F. De Saussure (1792–1870) College 1810 [148]
Samuel Dexter (1761–1816) College 1781 [149]
Elizabeth Dole (born 1936) A.M. 1960; Law 1965 [150]
Thomas Eagleton (1929–2007) Law 1953 [151]
Sam Ervin (1896–1985) Law 1922 [152]
James B. Eustis (1834–1899) Law 1854 [153]
Russ Feingold (born 1953) Law 1979 [154]
Hiram Fong (1906–2004) Law 1935 [155]
Dwight Foster (1757–1823) College 1784 [156]
Al Franken (born 1951) College 1973 [157]
Bill Frist (born 1952) Medical 1978 [158]
David Gambrell (born 1929) Law 1952 [159]
Peter G. Gerry (1879–1957) College 1901 [160]
Guy D. Goff (1866–1933) Law 1891 [161]
Benjamin Goodhue (1748–1814) College 1766 [162]
Christopher Gore (1758–1827) College 1776 [163]
Bob Graham (born 1936) Law 1962 [164]
Ernest Gruening (1887–1974) College 1907; Medical 1912 [165]
Edward Gurney (1914–1996) Law 1938 [166]
Frederick Hale (1874–1963) College 1896 [167]
Floyd Haskell (1916–1998) College 1937; Law 1941 [168]
William Hathaway (born 1924) College 1949; Law 1953 [169]
H. John Heinz (1938–1991) Business 1963 [170]
Anthony Higgins (1840–1912) Law 1864 [171]
George Frisbie Hoar (1826–1904) College 1846 [172]
Henry F. Hollis (1869–1949) College 1892 [173]
Richard C. Hunter (1884–1941) Law 1910 [174]
James Jeffords (born 1934) Law 1962 [175]
Daniel T. Jewett (1807–1906) Law 1833 [176]
Tim Kaine (born 1958) Law 1983 [177]
Kenneth Keating (1900–1975) Law 1923 [178]
James P. Kem (1890–1965) Law 1913 [179]
Edward Kennedy (1932–2009) College 1956; Honorary degree 2008 [180]
Henry W. Keyes (1862–1938) College 1887 [181]
Rufus King (1755–1827) College 1777 [182]
Paul G. Kirk (born 1938) 1960, Harvard Law 1968 [183]
Herbert Kohl (1935–2023) Business 1958 [184]
Carl Levin (1934–2021) Law 1959 [185]
James Lloyd (1769–1831) College 1787 [186]
Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924) College 1871; Law 1874; PhD 1876 President pro tempore of the United States Senate [187]
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985) College 1924 [188]
Gilman Marston (1811–1890) Law 1840 [189]
Spark Matsunaga (1916–1990) Law 1951 [190]
Martha McSally (born 1966) Kennedy 1990 [191]
Prentiss Mellen (1764–1840) College 1784 [192]
Amos Nourse (1794–1877) College 1812, PhD. 1817 [193]
Harrison Gray Otis
(1765–1848) 		Law 1765 [194]
Elijah Paine (1757–1842) College 1781 [195]
Samuel Pasco (1834–1917) College 1858 [196]
Boies Penrose (1860–1921) Law 1881 [197]
Claude Pepper (1900–1989) Law 1924 [198]
Timothy Pickering (1745–1829) College 1763 [199]
Larry Pressler (born 1942) HKS 1971; Law 1971 [200]
William Proxmire (1915–2005) Business 1940; HKS 1949 [201]
Robert Rantoul Jr. (1805–1852) College 1826 [202]
Jack Reed (born 1949) HKS 1973; Law 1982 [203]
Jay Rockefeller (born 1937) College 1961 [204]
Mitt Romney (born 1947) JD-MBA 1975 [205]
William Roth (1921–2003) Business 1947; Law 1949 [206]
Frederic M. Sackett (1868–1941) Law 1893 [207]
Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979) College 1914; Law 1917 [208]
Paul Sarbanes (born 1933) Law 1960 [209]
Ben Sasse (born 1972) College 1994 [210]
Frederick A. Sawyer (1822–1891) College 1844 [211]
Harrison Schmitt (born 1935) PhD 1964 [212]
Charles Schumer (born 1950) College 1971; Law 1974 [213]
James Sheafe (1755–1829) College 1774 [214]
William Paine Sheffield Sr. (1820–1907) College 1774 [215]
Benjamin Smith II (1916–1991) College 1939 [216]
Peleg Sprague (1793–1880) College 1812 [217]
Ted Stevens (1923–2010) Law 1950 President pro tempore of the United States Senate [218]
Adlai Stevenson III (1930-2021) College 1952; Law 1957 [219]
Richard Stone (born 1928) College 1949 [220]
Dan Sullivan (born 1964) College 1987 [221]
Charles Sumner (1811–1874) College 1830; Law 1833 [222]
John E. Sununu (born 1964) Business 1991 [223]
Kingsley A. Taft (1903–1970) Law 1928 [224]
Robert A. Taft (1889–1953) Law 1913 [225]
Robert Taft Jr. (1917–1993) Law 1942 [226]
Thomas W. Thompson (1766–1821) College 1786 [227]
Pat Toomey (born 1961) College 1984 [228]
Robert Torricelli (born 1951) HKS 1980 [229]
Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785) College 1727 [230]
Paul Tsongas (1941–1997) HKS 1974 [231]
David Vitter (born 1961) College 1983 [232]
Mark Warner (born 1954) Law 1980 [119]
Elizabeth Warren (born 1949) Professor of Law [233]
Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972) College 1914 [234]
Paine Wingate (1739–1838) College 1759 [235]
Robert Charles Winthrop (1809–1894) College 1828 [236]
Tim Wirth (born 1939) College 1961; Education 1964 [237]
Thomas A. Wofford (1908–1978) Law 1931 [238]
Edward O. Wolcott (1848–1905) Law 1875 [239]
Louis Wyman (1917–2002) Law 1941 [240]

US representatives

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807–1886) College 1825 [241]
George E. Adams (1840–1917) College 1860 [242]
John Adler (1959–2011) College 1981; Law 1984 [243]
Richard S. Aldrich (1884–1941) Law 1909 [244]
Joseph Allen (1749–1827) College 1774 [245]
Tom Allen (born 1945) Law 1974 [246]
A. Piatt Andrew (1873–1936) GSAS 1895 [247]
John F. Andrew (1850–1895) College 1872 [248]
Fisher Ames (1758–1808) College 1774 [249]
John Anderson (born 1922) Law 1949 U.S. presidential candidate, United States Representative [250]
John Ashbrook (1928–1982) College 1952 U.S. presidential candidate, United States Representative [251]
Charles Humphrey Atherton (1773–1853) College 1794 [252]
Jake Auchincloss (born 1988) College 2010 [253]
Robert L. Bacon (1884–1938) College 1907 [254]
Charles Montague Bakewell (1867–1957) GSAS 1894 [255]
Joseph C. Baldwin (1897–1957) College 1920 [256]
John Goff Ballentine (1825–1915) Law 1848 [257]
David Barker Jr. (1797–1834) College 1815 [258]
John Barrow (born 1955) Law 1979 [259][69]
Samuel J. Barrows (1845–1909) Divinity 1871 [260]
Franklin Bartlett (1847–1909) College 1869 [261]
Perkins Bass (1912–2011) Law 1938 [262]
William H. Bates (1917–1969) Business 1947 [263]
Anthony Beilenson (born 1932) College 1954; Law 1957 [264]
Perry Belmont (1851–1947) College 1872 [265]
Doug Bereuter (born 1939) Design 1966; HKS 1973 [266]
Horace Binney (1780–1875) College 1797 [267]
Chester C. Bolton (1882–1939) College 1905 [268]
Oliver P. Bolton (1917–1972) College 1939 [269]
Benjamin Bourne (1755–1808) College 1775 [270]
Shearjashub Bourne (1746–1806) College 1764 [271]
Henry Sherman Boutell (1856–1926) College 1876 [272]
David R. Bowen (born 1932) College 1954 [273]
Selwyn Z. Bowman (1840–1928) College 1860 [274]
Brendan F. Boyle (born 1977) HKS 2005 [69]
George Bradbury (1770–1823) College 1789 [275]
Theophilus Bradbury (1739–1803) College 1757 [276]
John Brademas (born 1927) College 1949 U.S. House Majority Whip [277]
Vincent M. Brennan (1890–1959) Law 1912 [278]
Frederick George Bromberg (1837–1930) College 1858 [279]
James E. Bromwell (1920–2009) Business 1947 [280]
George M. Brooks (1824–1893) College 1844 [281]
Anthony Brown (born 1961) College 1984 [282]
Bud Brown (born 1927) Business 1949 [283]
Lathrop Brown (1883–1959) College 1903 [284]
Clement Laird Brumbaugh (1863–1921) College 1894 [285]
Frank H. Buck (1887–1942) Law 1911 [286]
Melville Bull (1854–1909) College 1877 [287]
Henry Adams Bullard (1788–1851) College 1807 [288]
Anson Burlingame (1820–1870) Law 1846 [289]
James N. Burnes (1827–1889) Law 1853 [290]
Daniel Dee Burnes (1851–1899) Law 1874 [291]
Edward Burnett (1849–1925) College 1871 [292]
Josiah Butler (1779–1854) College 1803 [293]
Tom Campbell (born 1952) Law 1976 [294]
Bruce F. Caputo (born 1943) College 1965 [295]
Joaquin Castro (born 1974) Law 2000 [69]
Theron Ephron Catlin (1878–1960) College 1899 [296]
John Curtis Chamberlain (1772–1834) College 1793 [297]
Alfred C. Chapin (1848–1936) Law 1871 [298]
Robert B. Chiperfield (1899–1971) College 1922 [299]
William M. Citron (1896–1976) Law 1921 [300]
Henry Alden Clark (1850–1944) College 1874 [301]
John Bullock Clark Jr. (1831–1903) Law 1854 [302]
Katherine Clark (born 1963) HKS 1997 [69]
Curt Clawson (born 1959) Business 1980 [69]
Joseph W. Clift (1837–1908) Medical 1862 [303]
David Cobb (1748–1830) College 1766 [304]
William Cogswell (1838–1895) Law 1860 [305]
Joshua Coit (1758–1798) College 1776 [306]
James M. Collins (1916–1989) Business 1943 [307]
Patrick Collins (1844–1905) Law 1871 [308]
John Bertrand Conlan (1930–2021) Law 1954 [309]
Gerry Connolly (born 1950) HKS 1979 [69]
Merrill Cook (born 1946) Business 1971 [310]
Jim Cooper (born 1954) Law 1980 [311]
Sam Coppersmith (born 1955) College 1976 [312]
Tom Cotton (born 1977) College 1999, Law 2002 [69]
Clarence Dennis Coughlin (1883–1946) College 1906 [313]
Lawrence Coughlin (1929–2001) Business 1954 [314]
Christopher Cox (born 1952) Business 1977; Law 1977 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission chairman, United States Representative [315]
James K. Coyne, III (born 1946) Business 1970 [316]
William C. Cramer (1922–2003) Law 1948 [317]
Dan Crenshaw (born 1984) Kennedy 2018 [318]
Paul Cronin (born 1938) HKS 1969 [319]
Frank Crowther (1870–1955) Dental 1898 [320]
Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (1825–1903) Law 1845 [321]
Laurence Curtis (1893–1989) College 1916 [322]
Joshua Cushman (1761–1834) College 1787 [323]
Richard Cutts (1771–1845) College 1790 [324]
Frederick W. Dallinger (1871–1955) College 1893 [325]
Joseph Dane (1778–1858) College 1799 [326]
Henry G. Danforth (1854–1918) College 1877 [327]
Samuel Arza Davenport (1834–1911) Law 1855 [328]
Artur Davis (born 1967) College 1990; Law 1993 [329]
George T. Davis (1810–1877) College 1829 [330]
Horace Davis (1831–1916) College 1849 [331]
Jacob E. Davis (1905–2003) Law 1930 [332]
Robert T. Davis (1823–1906) Medical 1847 [333]
John Dawson (1762–1814) College 1782 [334]
Frederick Simpson Deitrick (1875–1948) Law 1898 [335]
Antonio Delgado (born 1977) Law 2005 [336]
Henry C. Deming (1815–1872) College 1839 [337]
David W. Dennis (1912–1999) Law 1936 [338]
Winfield K. Denton (1896–1971) Law 1922 [339]
Ron DeSantis (born 1978) Law 2005 [69]
Albert Douglas (1852–1935) Law 1874 [340]
John G. Dow (1905–2003) College 1927 [341]
James P.B. Duffy (1878–1969) Law 1904 [342]
James H. Duncan (1793–1869) College 1812 [343]
Edwin Russell Durno (1899–1976) Medical 1927 [344]
Chet Edwards (born 1951) Business 1981 [345]
Caleb Ellis (1767–1816) College 1793 [346]
Samuel Atkins Eliot (1798–1862) College 1817 [347]
Thomas H. Eliot (1907–1991) College 1928 [348]
Arlen Erdahl (born 1931) KSG 1966 [349]
Elizabeth Esty (born 1959) College 1981 [69][350]
George Eustis Jr. (1828–1872) Law 1848 [351]
William Everett (1839–1910) College 1859 [352]
Paul Fearing (1762–1822) College 1785 [353]
Michael A. Feighan (1905–1992) Law 1931 [354]
Hamilton Fish III (1888–1991) College 1910 [355]
Hamilton Fish IV (1926–1996) College 1949 [356]
Joseph L. Fisher (1914–1992) GSAS 1947 [357]
Frederick G. Fleetwood (1868–1938) College 1891 [358]
George Edmund Foss (1863–1936) College 1885 [359]
Abiel Foster (1735–1806) College 1756 [360]
Bill Foster (born 1955) PhD 1983 [69]
George B. Francis (1883–1967) Law 1907 [361]
Barney Frank (born 1940) College 1962; Law 1977 [362]
Nathan Frank (1852–1931) Law 1871 [363]
Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (1766–1800) College 1787 [364]
Richard P. Freeman (1869–1944) College 1891 [365]
Louis A. Frothingham (1871–1928) College 1893 [366]
James G. Fulton (1903–1971) Law 1927 [367]
Ruben Gallego (born 1979) College 2002 [69]
James A. Gallivan (1866–1928) College 1888 [368]
Barzillai Gannett (1764–1832) College 1785 [369]
John Ganson (1818–1874) College 1839 [370]
John Garamendi (born 1945) Business 1970 [69]
Augustus Peabody Gardner (1865–1918) College 1886 [371]
Francis Gardner (1771–1835) College 1793 [372]
Frederick Gillett (1851–1935) Law 1877 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives [373]
Charles J. Gilman (1824–1901) Law 1850 [374]
Jimmy Gomez (born 1974) KSG 2002 [375]
William Gordon (1763–1802) College 1779 [376]
Benjamin Gorham (1775–1855) College 1795 [377]
Josh Gottheimer (born 1975) Law 2004 [378]
Bill Gradison (born 1928) Business 1951 [379]
Fred Grandy (born 1948) College 1970 Actor, United States Representative [380]
Alan Grayson (born 1958) College 1978; HKS 1983; Law 1983 Actor, United States Representative [381]
Isaiah L. Green (1761–1841) College 1781 [382]
S. William Green (1929–2002) College 1950 [383]
Willard Hall (1780–1875) College 1799 [384]
Josh Harder (born 1986) Business/Kennedy 2014 [385]
Jane Harman (born 1945) Law 1969 [386]
Michael J. Harrington (born 1936) College 1958 [387]
Benjamin W. Harris (1823–1907) Law 1849 [388]
Katherine Harris (born 1957) HKS 1997 [389]
Robert O. Harris (1854–1926) College 1877 [390]
Frank G. Harrison (1940–2009) Law 1964 [391]
Julian Hartridge (1829–1879) Law 1850 [392]
Seth Hastings (1762–1831) College 1782 [393]
William Soden Hastings (1798–1842) College 1817 [394]
Nathaniel Appleton Haven (1762–1831) College 1779 [395]
Edward D. Hayden (1833–1908) College 1854 [396]
John W. Heselton (1900–1962) Law [397]
Brian Higgins (born 1959) HKS 1996 [398]
John Patrick Higgins (1893–1955) College 1917 [399]
John Boynton Philip Clayton Hill (1879–1941) Law 1903 [400]
Jim Himes (born 1966) College 1988 [401]
Rockwood Hoar (1855–1906) College 1876 [402]
Samuel Hoar (1778–1856) College 1802 [403]
Sherman Hoar (1860–1898) College 1882 [404]
John B. Hollister (1890–1979) Law 1915 [405]
Elizabeth Holtzman (born 1941) Radcliffe 1962; Law 1965 [406]
Charles E. Hooker (1825–1914) Law 1846 [407]
Steve Horn (born 1931) HKS 1955 [408]
Alanson B. Houghton (1863–1941) College 1886 [409]
Amory Houghton (born 1926) College 1950; Business 1952 [410]
L. Paul Howland (1865–1942) Law 1890 [411]
Michael Huffington (born 1947) Business 1971 [412]
John W. Hulbert (1770–1831) College 1795 [413]
Morton D. Hull (1867–1937) College 1892 [414]
William L. Hungate (1922–2007) Law 1948 [415]
Carleton Hunt (1836–1921) College 1856 [416]
John Jarman (1915–1982) Law 1941 [417]
Leonard Jarvis (1781–1854) College 1800 [418]
William J. Jefferson (born 1947) Law 1972 [419]
Albert G. Jenkins (1830–1864) Law 1850 [420]
Nancy Johnson (born 1935) Radcliffe 1957 [421]
Thomas Laurens Jones (1819–1887) Law 1846 [422]
Robert Kean (1893–1980) College 1915 [423]
Joseph G. Kendall (1788–1847) Law 1810 [424]
Joseph P. Kennedy III (born 1980) Law 2009 [69]
Barbara Kennelly (born 1936) Business 1959 [425]
John Bozman Kerr (1809–1878) College 1830 [426]
Kevin Kiley (born 1985) College 2007 [427]
Ron Kind (born 1963) College 1985 [428]
Daniel P. King (1801–1850) College 1823 [429]
James G. King (1791–1853) College 1810 [430]
Martin Kinsley (1754–1835) College 1778 [431]
Herb Klein (born 1930) Law 1953 [432]
Samuel Knox (1815–1905) Law 1838 [433]
Ken Kramer (born 1942) Law 1966 [434]
Raja Krishnamoorthi (born 1973) Law 2000 [435]
John C. Kunkel (1898–1970) Law 1926 [436]
Peter Kyros (1925–2012) College 1957 [437]
Greg Landsman (born 1976) Divinity 2004 [438]
Jim Langevin (born 1964) HKS 1994 [439]
Henderson Lovelace Lanham (1888–1957) GSAS 1912 [440]
John LeBoutillier (born 1953) College 1976 [441]
Silas Lee (1760–1814) College 1784 [442]
George Leonard (1729–1819) College 1748 [443]
John E. Leonard (1845–1878) College 1863 [444]
Andy Levin (born 1960) Law 1994 [445]
Sander Levin (born 1931) Law 1957 [446]
Mel Levine (born 1943) Law 1969 [447]
Lawrence Lewis (1879–1943) College 1901 [448]
Lucius Littauer (1859–1944) College 1878 [449]
John Locke (1764–1855) College 1792 [450]
Stephen Longfellow (1776–1849) College 1798 [451]
Nicholas Longworth (1869–1931) College 1891 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives [452]
George B. Loring (1817–1891) College 1838 [453]
Theodore Lyman (1833–1897) College 1855 [454]
Stephen Lynch (born 1955) HKS 1999 [455]
William Pitt Lynde (1817–1885) Law 1841 [456]
Torbert Macdonald (1917–1976) College 1940 [457]
W. Kingsland Macy (1889–1961) College 1912 [458]
Dan Maffei (born 1968) HKS 1995 [69]
Walter W. Magee (1861–1927) College 1889 [459]
Andrew Maguire (born 1939) KSG 1966 [460]
Rowland B. Mahany (1864–1937) College 1884 [461]
James H. Maloney (born 1948) College 1972 [462]
David S. Mann (born 1939) College 1961 [463]
Brian Mast (born 1980) Extension 2016 [464]
Jim Matheson (born 1960) College 1982 [465]
Wiley Mayne (1917–2007) College 1938 [466]
Romano L. Mazzoli (born 1932) KSG 2004 [467]
Washington J. McCormick (1884–1949) College 1906 [468]
Walter I. McCoy (1859–1933) College 1882 [469]
Martha McSally (born 1966) HKS 1990 [69]
Ward Miller (1902–1984) College 1931 [470]
Wilbur Mills (1909–1992) Law 1933 [471]
Walt Minnick (born 1942) Law 1969 [472]
Nahum Mitchell (1769–1853) College 1789 [473]
Thomas R. Mitchell (1783–1837) College 1802 [474]
John S. Monagan (1911–2005) Law 1937 [475]
Jim Moody (born 1935) HKS 1967 [476]
John Moolenaar (born 1961) KSG 1989 [477]
William S. Moorhead (1923–1987) Law 1949 [478]
Edward Joy Morris (1815–1881) College 1836 [479]
Seth Moulton (born 1978) College 2001, HBS-HKS 2011 [69]
Isaac Edward Morse (1809–1866) College 1829 [480]
Harold G. Mosier (1889–1971) Law 1915 [481]
Luther W. Mott (1874–1923) College 1896 [482]
Scott Murphy (born 1970) College 1992 [483]
Henry F. Naphen (1852–1905) College 1878 [484]
Charles P. Nelson (1907–1962) Law 1931
James Ellsworth Noland (1920–1992) Business 1943 [485]
Joseph F. O'Connell (1872–1942) Law 1896 [486]
John J. O'Connor (1885–1960) Law 1911 [487]
Gayton P. Osgood (1797–1861) College 1815 [488]
Richard Ottinger (born 1929) Law 1953 [489]
George E. Outland (1906–1981) GSAS 1929 [490]
Allen Ferdinand Owen (1816–1865) Law 1839 [491]
John G. Palfrey (1796–1881) College 1815 [492]
Chris Pappas (born 1980) College 2002 [493]
Isaac Parker (1768–1830) College 1786 [494]
Gorham Parks (1794–1877) College 1813 [495]
George Partridge (1740–1828) College 1762 [496]
John Perkins Jr. (1819–1885) Law 1842 [497]
William H. Perry (1839–1902) College 1859 [498]
Andrew James Peters (1872–1938) College 1895, Law 1898 [499]
Tom Petri (born 1940) College 1962; Law 1965 [500]
Michael Francis Phelan (1875–1941) College 1897 [501]
Philip J. Philbin (1898–1972) College 1920 [502]
Stephen C. Phillips (1801–1857) College 1819 [503]
William Alvin Pittenger (1885–1951) Law 1912 [504]
Edmund Platt (1865–1939) College 1888 [505]
William Plumer Jr. (1789–1854) College 1809 [506]
Bruce Poliquin (born 1953) College 1976 [69]
Charles O. Porter (1919–2006) College 1941 [507]
Katie Porter (born 1974) Law 2001 [508]
Elisha R. Potter (1811–1882) College 1830 [509]
Henry Otis Pratt (1838–1931) College 1862 [510]
William Preston (1816–1887) Law 1838 [511]
L. Richardson Preyer (1919–2001) Law 1949 [512]
Josiah Quincy III (1772–1864) College 1790 [513]
Jamie Raskin (born 1962) College 1983, Law 1987 [514]
John H. Ray (1886–1975) Law 1911 [515]
Nathan Read (1759–1849) College 1781 [516]
Ben Reifel (1906–1990) KSG 1949 [517]
Henry S. Reuss (1912–2002) Law 1936 [518]
Mel Reynolds (born 1952) KSG 1986 [519]
John Jacob Rhodes (1916–2003) Law 1941 [520]
Thomas Rice (1768–1854) College 1793 [521]
William M. Richardson (1774–1838) College 1797 [522]
Francis W. Rockwell (1844–1929) Law 1871 [523]
John Jacob Rogers (1881–1925) College 1904 [524]
Edward G. Rohrbough (1874–1956) GSAS 1906 [525]
James Roosevelt (1907–1991) College 1930 [526]
Nathaniel Ruggles (1761–1819) College 1781 [527]
Richard M. Russell (1891–1977) College 1914 [528]
Raul Ruiz (born 1972) HKS 2001, Medical 2001 [69]
Leverett Saltonstall I (1783–1845) College 1802 [529]
John Sarbanes (born 1962) Law 1988 [530]
James H. Scheuer (1920–2005) Business 1943 [531]
Adam Schiff (born 1960) Law 1985 [532]
Pat Schroeder (born 1940) Law 1964 [533]
Bobby Scott (born 1947) College 1969 [534]
Ebenezer Seaver (1763–1844) College 1784 [535]
John F. Seiberling (1918–2008) College 1941 [536]
Joe Sestak (born 1951) HKS 1980; PhD 1984 [537]
Terri Sewell (born 1965) Law 1992 [69]
Samuel Sewall (1757–1812) College 1776 [538]
Bob Shamansky (1927–2011) Law 1950 [539]
Brad Sherman (born 1954) Law 1979 [540]
Rob Simmons (born 1943) HKS 1979 [541]
John Simpkins (1862–1898) College 1885 [542]
Kenneth F. Simpson (1895–1941) Law 1922 [543]
Josiah Smith (1738–1803) College 1774 [544]
Peter Plympton Smith (born 1945) Education 1970 [545]
William Henry Sowden (1840–1907) Law 1865 [546]
Ambrose Spencer (1765–1848) College 1783 [547]
Charles F. Sprague (1857–1902) College 1879 [548]
William H. Stafford (1869–1957) Law 1893 [549]
Harley O. Staggers Jr. (born 1951) College 1974 [550]
James V. Stanton (born 1932) AMP 1984 [551]
Asahel Stearns (1774–1839) College 1797 [552]
Foster Waterman Stearns (1881–1956) GSAS 1906 [553]
William Stedman (1765–1831) College 1784 [554]
Elise Stefanik (born 1980) College 2006 [69]
George R. Stobbs (1877–1966) College 1899 [555]
Eben F. Stone (1822–1895) College 1843 [556]
Bellamy Storer (1847–1922) College 1867 [557]
Samuel S. Stratton (1916–1990) A.M. 1940 [558]
George Sullivan (1771–1838) College 1790
Lorenzo De Medici Sweat (1818–1898) Law 1840 [559]
William Irvin Swoope (1862–1930) Law 1886 [560]
Mark Takano (born 1960) College 1983 [69]
John J. Taylor (1808–1892) College 1829 [561]
Nelson Taylor (1821–1894) Law 1860 [562]
Scott Taylor (born 1979) Extension 2014 [563]
Van Taylor (born 1972) College 1995, Business 2001 [564]
Frank Tejeda (1945–1997) HKS 1980 [565]
Samuel Tenney (1748–1816) College 1772 [566]
George H. Tinkham (1870–1956) College 1894 [567]
Thomas Chandler Thacher (1858–1945) College 1882 [568]
George Thatcher (1754–1824) College 1776 [569]
Samuel Thatcher (1776–1872) College 1793 [570]
John A. Thayer (1857–1917) College 1879 [571]
Pat Toomey (born 1961) College 1984 [572]
Peter Torkildsen (born 1958) HKS 1990 [573]
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1740–1809) College 1759 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives [574]
Charles Wentworth Upham (1802–1875) Divinity 1821 [575]
George B. Upham (1768–1848) College 1789 [576]
Jabez Upham (1764–1811) College 1785 [577]
Chris Van Hollen (born 1959) HKS 1985 [578]
Stephen Van Rensselaer (1764–1839) College 1782 [579]
Richard Vander Veen (1922–2006) Law 1949 [580]
Juan Vargas (born 1961) Law 1991 [69]
John Varnum (1778–1836) College 1798 [581]
Victor Veysey (1915–2001) Business 1938 [582]
Roger Vose (1763–1841) College 1790 [583]
Peleg Wadsworth (1748–1829) College 1769 [584]
Robert Jarvis Cochran Walker (1838–1903) Law 1858 [585]
Samuel H. Walley (1805–1877) College 1826 [586]
Artemas Ward (1727–1800) College 1748 [587]
Artemas Ward Jr. (1762–1847) College 1783 [588]
Samuel L. Warner (1828–1893) Law 1854 [589]
Vespasian Warner (1842–1925) Law 1868 [590]
William W. Warren (1834–1880) College 1855 [591]
Charles G. Washburn (1857–1928) College 1880 [592]
Laurence Hawley Watres (1882–1964) Law 1907 [593]
Steve Watkins (born 1976) Kennedy 2017 [594]
Archibald J. Weaver (1843–1887) Law 1869 [595]
Ed Weber (born 1931) Law 1956 [596]
Charles W. Whalen Jr. (1920–2011) Business 1946 [597]
Laban Wheaton (1754–1846) College 1774 [598]
Leonard White (1767–1849) College 1787 [599]
William Whiting (1813–1873) College 1833 [600]
Richard B. Wigglesworth (1891–1960) College 1912 [601]
Lemuel Williams (1747–1828) College 1765 [602]
James Wilson I (1766–1839) College 1789 [603]
John Wilson (1777–1848) College 1799 [604]
Scott Wike (1834–1901) Law 1859 [605]
Samuel Winslow (1862–1940) College 1885 [606]
Robert Winthrop (1809–1894) College 1828 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives [607]
Samuel T. Worcester (1804–1882) College 1830 [608]
John W. Wydler (1924–1987) Law 1950 [609]
Chalmers Wylie (1920–1998) Law 1948 [610]
Clarence Clifton Young (1922–2016) Law 1949 [611]

Other political figures

[edit]
Name Class year Notability Reference(s)
Michael G. Adams (born 1976) Law Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla (1892–1929), (from Siam, Thailand) Certificate in Public Health 1921, M.D. 1927 Member of the House of Chakri, of Siam (Thailand); son of King Chulalongkorn of Siam; father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand; regarded as the father of modern medicine and public health of Thailand [612][613][614]
Reg Alcock (1948–2011) KSG Member of House of Commons of Canada
Tabata Amaral (born 1993) College 2016 Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil [615][616][617]
Murtaza Bhutto (1954–1996) B.A Former chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)
Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1955) PhD Son of late Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah; Ambassador of Kuwait to the United States from 1993 to 2003; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait from 2003 to 2011; current Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait; his elder brother is Sheikh Salem Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, former Defense and Interior Minister [612]
Emilio Sempris (born 1973) Sustainability 2021 Former Minister of Environment of Panama [618]
Ray Atherton (1883–1960) College 1905 First United States Ambassador to Canada
Lalith Athulathmudali (1936–1993) Law Sri Lankan Minister of National Security, Minister of Education
Pierre Baillargeon (1812–1891) Medical Member of Senate of Canada
William Barnes Jr. (1866–1930) Harvard College (1888) Chairman of the New York Republican State Committee, member of the Republican National Committee [619]
Sandy Berger (1945-2015) Law 1971 United States National Security Advisor
Ben Bernanke College 1975 Chair of the Federal Reserve
Michael Bloomberg (born 1942) Business 1966 Mayor of New York City
Rizwan Ahmed HKS Senior Pakistani civil servant [620]
Tariq Bajwa HKS Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan [621]
James Berry Law Member of British Parliament
Julie Bishop (born 1956) Business, 1996 Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs
Julia Chang Bloch Government, Grad School 1967 United States Ambassador to Nepal (under President George H. W. Bush), the first US Ambassador of Asian origin
André Boisclair (born 1966) HKS 2005 Former leader of Parti Québécois
Nick Boles (born 1965) HKS Member of British Parliament
Frederick William Borden (1847–1917) Medical 1868 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Alvin Bragg (born 1973) College 1995; Law 1995 New York County District Attorney, first to secure a conviction of a former U.S. president
L. Paul Bremer (born 1941) Business 1966 Ambassador
Zbigniew Brzezinski (born 1928) PhD 1953 United States National Security Advisor
Liam Byrne (born 1970) Business Member of British Parliament
L. Paul Bremer (born 1941) Business 1966 Ambassador
Anna Escobedo Cabral (born 1959) HKS 1990 Treasurer of the United States
Pat Caddell College 1972 Pollster
Barry Campbell (born 1950) Law 1977 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965) PhD
1921 		President of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; led the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s [622][623]
Frank T. Caprio (born 1966) College 1988 General Treasurer of Rhode Island
Robert Cerasoli (born 1945) HKS 1988 Massachusetts House of Representatives, Inspector General Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Inspector General New Orleans
P. Chidambaram HBS Finance Minister of India
Newton Ramsay Colter (1844–1917) Medical 1867 Member of House of Commons of Canada
John Cooper (born 1956) College Mayor of Nashville
Ross Cranston (born 1948) Law 1973 Member of British Parliament
Tom Daly (born 1954) College 1976 California State Assemblyman, former Mayor of Anaheim, California
David Davis (born 1948) Business 1985 British politician
Nelson Antonio Denis College 1977 Former New York State Assemblyman
Louis-Léon Lesieur Desaulniers (1823–1896) College 1846 Member of House of Commons of Canada
W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) College 1890; A.M. 1891; PhD 1895 Civil rights leader, African American studies scholar
Ralph Earle II B.S. History 1950 Chief negotiator of the SALT II arms control agreement [624]
Lucie Edwards HKS 1984 Canadian diplomat
William Ellery (1727–1780) College 1747 Signer of United States Declaration of Independence
Daniel Ellsberg (born 1931) College 1952; PhD 1963 Leaker of the Pentagon Papers
John English (born 1945) Ph.D 1973 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Douglas Feith (born 1953) College 1975 U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
Andy Fillmore (born 1966) GSD 1995 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Dudley Fishburn (born 1946) College Member of British Parliament
Michèle Flournoy (born 1960) College 1983 Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States [625]
Nigel Forman (born 1943) HKS Member of British Parliament
Chrystia Freeland (born 1968) College Member of House of Commons of Canada, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
Richard Fuller British Member of Parliament
Kate Gallego (born 1981) College 2004 Mayor of Phoenix
David Gergen (born 1942) Law 1967 Advisor to four U.S. presidents
Carl Gershman (born 1943) M. Education 1968 U.N. Representative and National Endowment for Democracy President
Herman Goldner (1916–2010) MBA, c. 1947 Mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida, 1961–67, 1971–73 [626]
Richard N. Goodwin (born 1931) Law 1958 Speechwriter for Kennedy and Johnson administrations; author
Jennifer Gordon College 1987, Law 1992 Founded the Workplace Project; associate professor at Fordham University School of Law
Andy Fillmore (born 1966) GSD 1995 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Jamie Gorelick (born 1950) College 1972; Law 1975 Member of 9/11 Commission
Barbara Greene (born 1945) KSG Member of House of Commons of Canada
John Hagelin (born 1954) PhD 1981 Third-party presidential candidate
Charles Sumner Hamlin (1861–1938) College 1886 Chair of the Federal Reserve
Will Ford Hartnett (born 1956) College 1978 Lawyer from Dallas; member of the Texas House of Representatives
Hon. Howard E. Haugerud American diplomat
Kerry Healey (born 1960) College 1982 Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
James M. Henderson (1921–1995) Advanced Management Program, Date missing Founder of top-ranked Henderson Advertising Agency of Greenville, South Carolina; Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1970 [627]
Paul Heroux (born 1976) MPA 2011 State Representative from Massachusetts
Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823–1911) College 1841 Author, abolitionist, Colonel
Alger Hiss (1904–1996) Law 1929 Accused of espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union
Tom Hockin (born 1938) KSG Member of House of Commons of Canada
William Hooper (1742–1790) College 1760 Signer of United States Declaration of Independence
Ken Hughes (born 1954) KSG 1983 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Rafael Hui (born 1948) HKS 1983 Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong
Michael Ignatieff (born 1947) PhD History 1976 Liberal Party of Canada leader of Her Majesty's loyal opposition; Member of Parliament; scholar; professor; author
Mohamad Al Ississ College BA 2000, GSAS MA 2000, HKS MPAID 2007, HKS/GSAS PhD 2010 Jordanian Minister of Finance
Greville Janner (born 1928) Law Member, House of Lords
William Jeffrey PhD 13th Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology
Pauline Jewett (1922–1992) Ph.D 1949 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Eric Johnson (born 1975) College 1998 Mayor of Dallas
Henry Kaulback (1830–1896) College Member of Senate of Canada
Raymond W. Kelly (born 1940) HKS 1984 New York City Police Commissioner
Caroline Kennedy (born 1957) Radcliffe 1980 Writer; daughter of John F. Kennedy; former US Ambassador to Japan
Joseph P. Kennedy (1888–1969) College 1912 Kennedy political family patriarch
Max Kennedy Jr. (born 1993) College 2016 political organizer, volunteer, whistleblower
Alan Keyes (born 1950) College 1972; PhD 1979 U.S. presidential candidate and Senatorial candidate
Marc Kielburger (born 1977) College 1999 Canadian humanitarian and activist
Faik Konitza (1875–1942) Writer, Ambassador of Albania to the United States
Philip Lader Law United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
Anthony Lake (born 1939) College 1961 United States National Security Advisor
David Lammy (born 1972) Law 1994 Member of British Parliament
Maurice Lamontagne (1917–1983) M.A. Member of Senate of Canada
Corliss Lamont (1905–1995) College 1924, professor ACLU director, humanist author
Horacio Rodríguez Larreta (born 1965) Business 1993 Mayor of Buenos Aires
Allan Leal (1917-1999) Law 1957 President of the Empire Club of Canada; Dean of Osgoode Hall Law School
Tobias Lear (1762–1816) College 1783 George Washington's personal secretary
Dominic LeBlanc (born 1967) Law Member of House of Commons of Canada
Alfred Lefurgey (1871–1934) Law 1894 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Charles Lemmond (1929–2012) A.B. 1952 Pennsylvania State Senator
Lawrence B. Lindsey (born 1954) A.M. 1981; PhD 1985 Economist, Director of the National Economic Council
Donald Stovel Macdonald (born 1932) Law Member of House of Commons of Canada
Roderick MacFarquhar (born 1930) College 1955 Member of British Parliament
Roy MacLaren (born 1934) AMP 1973 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Cyrus Macmillan (1882–1953) Ph.D 1909 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Tim Mahoney (born 1949) MHA 2005 Mayor of Fargo, North Dakota
Nabiel Makarim (born 1945) HKS 1984 Indonesian Environmental Minister
Michael Marshall (1930–2006) Business 1960 Member of British Parliament
Crown Princess Masako of Japan (born 1963) B.A. Consort of Crown Prince Naruhito, the first son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko; member of the Imperial House of Japan through marriage [612]
Timothy Massad (born 1956) College 1978; Law 1984 Corporate lawyer at Cravath, Swaine & Moore, U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, nominee to chair the Commodity Futures Trading Commission [628]
Dan Massey (1942–2013) Graduate 1969 Sexual freedom scholar, religious philosopher, human rights activist, chief engineer at BBN Technologies, and senior scientist at Science Applications International Corporation
Robert Charles Matthews (1871–1952) College 1902 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Allan McAvity (1882–1944) College Member of House of Commons of Canada
Susan McCaw (born 1962) Business 1988 US Ambassador to Austria, 2005–07 [629]
Dan McCready (born 1983) Business 2011 entrepreneur and candidate for US House of Representatives in North Carolina
Ezekiel McLeod (1840–1920) Law 1867 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Ken Mehlman (born 1967) Law 1991 former chairman of the Republican National Committee
David Miller (born 1958) Economics (undergrad) 1981 Mayor of Toronto
William Green Miller United States Ambassador to Ukraine from 1993 to 1998
Rhodri Morgan (born 1939) HKS First Minister of Wales from 2000 to 2009
Daniel Mudd (born 1956) HKS 1986 President and CEO of Fannie Mae
Abul Maal Abdul Muhith (born 1934) Business Economist, diplomat, and language veteran and Finance minister of Bangladesh
Kiraitu Murungi (born 1952) Law 1991 Minister of Energy in Kenya
Ephraim Bell Muttart (1839–1912) Medical 1861 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Ralph Nader (born 1934) Law 1958 Public advocate
Naheed Nenshi (born 1972) JFK School of Government 1998 Mayor of Calgary
Brooks Newmark (born 1958) College 1980 Member of British Parliament
Archie Norman (born 1954) Business Member of British Parliament
Grover Norquist (born 1956) College 1978; Business 1981 Activist
Michelle Obama (born 1964) Law 1988 First Lady of the United States, Political Activist [630]
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (born 1954) College 1981 Finance Minister of Nigeria, Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria
Joe Oliver (born 1940) Business 1970 Member of House of Commons of Canada
James Otis (1725–1783) College 1743; A.M. 1746 Lawyer influential in American Revolution
Samuel Allyne Otis
(1740–1814) 		College 1759 1st Secretary of the U.S. Senate [631]
Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, of Iran (Persia) (1966–2011) PhD student at the time of his death Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia); younger son of the former Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his third wife Empress Farah Pahlavi; second in order of succession to the Iranian throne before the Iranian Revolution [612]
Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814) College 1749 Signer of United States Declaration of Independence
Francis Pangilinan (born 1963) HKS 1998 Senator and the Majority Leader of the Senate of the Philippines
Clay Pell United States Department of Education official [632]
George Halsey Perley (1857–1938) College 1878 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Claire Perry (born 1964) Business Member of British Parliament
José Piñera (born 1948) Economics, Grad School M.A. 1972, PhD 1974 Chile Minister of Labor and Social Security; Minister of Mines (under President Augusto Pinochet) 1978–80; enacted world's first system of private retirement accounts; known as one of the Chicago Boys
Loulan Pitre Jr. (born 1961) Undergraduate 1983, Law 1986 New Orleans lawyer and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for Lafource Parish, Louisiana [633]
Jesse Robredo (1958–2012) M.P.A. 1999 Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines
Stuart Rabner (born 1960) Law 1984 New Jersey State Attorney General
Mimi Rocah (born 1970) College 1992 District Attorney for Westchester County [634]
Franklin Raines (born 1949) College 1971; Law 1976 Chairman and CEO of Fannie Mae
Vivek Ramaswamy (born 1985) College 2007 Candidate for president of the United States in 2024
Murray Rankin (born 1950) Law Member of House of Commons of Canada
Lois Rice (1933–2017) Radcliffe 1954 Vice president of the College Board and architect of the Pell Grant [635]
Rosa Gumataotao Rios (born 1966) College 1987 Treasurer of the United States
Maurice Roche, 4th Baron Fermoy (1885–1955) College 1909 Member of British Parliament
Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (1933–2003) College 1954 Son of Aga Khan III, the 48th Imam of Nizari Ismailism; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1978 [612]
Muhammad Al-Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1958) Law Foreign Minister of Kuwait
Surakiart Sathirathai (born 1958) Law Foreign Minister of Thailand
G. David Schine (1927–1996) College 1949 Entrepreneur, businessman, political activist
Klaus Schwab (born 1938) KSG 1967 Founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum
Jyotiraditya Scindia (born 1971) College 1993 Indian Member of Parliament and Union Minister of State for IT and Communications
Phyllis Schlafly (born 1924) Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 1945 Political activist
Joel Herbert Seaverns (1860–1923) College 1881 Member of British Parliament
Nancy Sherman 1982 Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, military ethicist
Faryar Shirzad (born 1966) HKS Advisor to U.S. President George W. Bush
Bob Shrum (born 1943) Law 1968 Political consultant
Jayant Sinha (born 1963) Business, 1992 Minister of State for Finance, Member of Parliament in the First Modi ministry, former managing director at Omidyar Network, former Partner at McKinsey & Company [636]
Jose Solorio (born 1966) Public Policy California State Assemblyman
Sven Spengemann (born 1966) Law Member of House of Commons of Canada
Steve Spinner MBA Adviser to Obama Campaign, Department of Energy Official
Robert Stanfield (1914–2003) Law Member of House of Commons of Canada
Julian Steele (1906-1970) College 1929 Massachusetts' first African-American town meeting moderator, state agency head
Jill Stein (born 1950) College 1973; Medical 1979 2012 and 2016 Green Party U.S. presidential nominee
Paul Stinchcombe (born 1962) Law Member of British Parliament
George William Strake Jr. (born 1935) MBA 1961 Secretary of State of Texas, 1979–81; Republican state chairman, 1983–88; Houston businessman and philanthropist [637]
Subramanian Swamy (born 1939) Phd Economics 1965 Former Indian Union Minister of Commerce and Industry
Edita Tahiri (born 1956) HKS 2002 Founder and leader of independence movement of Kosovo; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo 1991–2000; Deputy Prime Minister
Lorenzo M. Tañada (1898–1992) Law Philippine Senator, nationalist and civil libertarian
Tina Tchen (born 1956) College 1978 Lawyer, Assistant to President Barack Obama; Chief of Staff to First Lady Michelle Obama; Executive Director of the White House Council on Women and Girls
Peter Thurnham (1938–2010) Business 1969 Member of British Parliament
Arthur Tremblay (1917–1996) M.Ed 1945 Member of Senate of Canada
Sylvester Turner (born 1954) Law 1980 Mayor of Houston
Thomas Tweedie (1871–1944) Law 1905 Member of House of Commons of Canada
Bernardo Villegas PhD in Economics Economist, presidential advisor, founder of the Center for Research and Communication, led a committee that drafted the 1987 Philippine Constitution
Paul Volcker (born 1927) HKS 1951 Chairman of the Federal Reserve
William Michael Wall (1911–1961) Ph.D 1954 Member of Senate of Canada
Martha M. Walz (born 1953) HKS 2000 Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
George F. Ward M.P.A. Former United States Ambassador to Namibia [638]
Joseph Warren (1741–1775) College 1759; A.M. 1762 Physician, soldier, activist [639]
Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Guernica and Marchioness of Sala (born 1974) Member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma and Dutch Royal Family; fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma [612]
Prince Radu of Romania (born 1960) Executive Program 2004 Son-in-law of former King Michael I of Romania; in 1996 he married Princess Margarita of Romania, the king's eldest daughter and the Crown Princess of Romania, also known as the "Custodian of the Romanian Crown" [612]
Alexander Watson College 1961 Ambassador, diplomat
Kevin White HKS 1957 Mayor of Boston
Dean Whiteway (born 1944) M.A. Member of House of Commons of Canada
Anthony A. Williams HKS, Law 1987 Mayor of Washington, DC
Gita Wirjawan HKS, 2000 Minister of Trade of Indonesia
James Wolfensohn (born 1933) Business 1959 Ninth President of the World Bank
Yam Ah Mee (born 1957) Business Returning Officer, Singaporean general election, 2011, former Brigadier General in the Republic of Singapore Air Force
Valerie Johnson Zachary (born 1962) Law J.D. cum laude 1987 Associate Judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals, 2015-present [640]
Robert Zoellick (born 1953) Law 1979; HKS 1981 Eleventh President of the World Bank
Shpend Ahmeti (born 1978) 2004.; HKS Public Administration Mayor of Prishtina
William Williams (1731–1811) College 1751 Signer of United States Declaration of Independence
Hastings Wyman (born 1939) Bachelor of Arts 1961 Political consultant, author, journalist, publisher of The Southern Political Report [641]
René Castro (born 1957) MPA, PHD FAO Assistant Director General (ADG) of Climate, Biodiversity, Land and Water Department [642]
Wang Dan (born 1969) Ph.D. in history 2008 Chinese dissident and student leader in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 [643]
Clara Chou (born 1953) Master of Public Administration 1987 Taiwanese journalist, television and radio personality [644]
Sun Chanthol (born 1956) Master's in Public Administration Cambodian Minister of Public Works and Transport
Lin Yi-hsiung (born 1941) Master of Public Administration 1987 Former Chairman of the Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party [645]
Miguel Braun (born 1973) Master and Ph.D. in Economics 2001 Secretary of Commerce (2015-2018) and Secretary of Economic Policy (2018-2019) of Argentina. [646]
Lee Jun-seok (born 1985) B.A Leader of the People Power Party [647]
Kostas Bakoyiannis (born 1978) Master of Public Administration Former Mayor of Athens

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  320. ^ United States Congress. "CROWTHER, Frank (id: C000948)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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  322. ^ United States Congress. "Laurence Curtis (id: C001011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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  326. ^ United States Congress. "DANE, Joseph (id: D000026)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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  331. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Horace (id: D000105)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  332. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Jacob Erastus (id: D000108)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  333. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Robert T (id: D000130)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  334. ^ United States Congress. "DAWSON, John (id: D000151)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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  336. ^ United States Congress. "DELGADO, Antonio (id: D000630)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  337. ^ United States Congress. "DEMING, Henry Champion (id: D000227)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  338. ^ United States Congress. "DENNIS, David Worth (id: D000241)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  339. ^ United States Congress. "DENTON, Winfield Kirkpatrick (id: D000260)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  340. ^ United States Congress. "DOUGLAS, Albert (id: D000449)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  341. ^ United States Congress. "DOW, John Goodchild (id: D000462)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  342. ^ United States Congress. "DUFFY, James Patrick Bernard (id: D000519)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  343. ^ United States Congress. "DUNCAN, James Henry (id: D000532)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  344. ^ United States Congress. "DURNO, Edwin Russell (id: D000575)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  345. ^ "EDWARDS, Thomas Chester (Chet) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  346. ^ United States Congress. "ELLIS, Caleb (id: E000130)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  347. ^ United States Congress. "ELIOT, Samuel Atkins (id: E000105)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  348. ^ United States Congress. "ELIOT, Thomas Hopkinson (id: E000107)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  349. ^ United States Congress. "ERDAHL, Arlen Ingolf (id: E000198)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  350. ^ United States Congress. "ESTY, Elizabeth (id: E000293)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  351. ^ United States Congress. "EUSTIS, George, Jr. (id: E000228)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  352. ^ United States Congress. "EVERETT, William (id: E000269)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  353. ^ United States Congress. "FEARING, Paul (id: F000054)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  354. ^ United States Congress. "FEIGHAN, Michael Aloysius (id: F000060)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  355. ^ United States Congress. "FISH, Hamilton (id: F000142)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  356. ^ United States Congress. "FISH, Hamilton, Jr. (id: F000141)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  357. ^ United States Congress. "FISHER, Joseph Lyman (id: F000151)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  358. ^ United States Congress. "FLEETWOOD, Frederick Gleed (id: F000194)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  359. ^ United States Congress. "FOSS, George Edmund (id: F000295)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  360. ^ United States Congress. "FOSTER, Abiel (id: F000297)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  361. ^ United States Congress. "FRANCIS, George Blinn (id: F000335)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  362. ^ "FRANK, Barney – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 31, 1940. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  363. ^ United States Congress. "FRANK, Nathan (id: F000340)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  364. ^ United States Congress. "FREEMAN, Nathaniel, Jr. (id: F000365)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  365. ^ United States Congress. "FREEMAN, Richard Patrick (id: F000366)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  366. ^ United States Congress. "FROTHINGHAM, Louis Adams (id: F000395)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  367. ^ United States Congress. "FULTON, James Grove (id: F000422)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  368. ^ United States Congress. "GALLIVAN, James Ambrose (id: G000024)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  369. ^ United States Congress. "GANNETT, Barzillai (id: G000039)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  370. ^ United States Congress. "GANSON, John (id: G000042)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  371. ^ United States Congress. "GARDNER, Augustus Peabody (id: G000050)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  372. ^ United States Congress. "GARDNER, Francis (id: G000052)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  373. ^ "GILLETT, Frederick Huntington – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  374. ^ United States Congress. "GILMAN, Charles Jervis (id: G000213)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  375. ^ United States Congress. "GOMEZ, Jimmy (id: G000585)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  376. ^ United States Congress. "GORDON, William (id: G000318)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  377. ^ United States Congress. "GORHAM, Benjamin (id: G000324)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  378. ^ United States Congress. "GOTTHEIMER, Josh S. (id: G000583)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  379. ^ United States Congress. "GRADISON, Willis David, Jr. (id: G000349)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  380. ^ "GRANDY, Frederick Lawrence – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  381. ^ "GRAYSON, Alan – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  382. ^ United States Congress. "GREEN, Isaiah Lewis (id: G000413)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  383. ^ United States Congress. "GREEN, Sedgwick William (Bill) (id: G000417)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  384. ^ United States Congress. "HALL, Willard (id: H000076)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  385. ^ United States Congress. "HARDER, Josh (id: H001090)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  386. ^ "HARMAN, Jane L. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  387. ^ United States Congress. "Michael J. Harrington (id: H000230)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  388. ^ United States Congress. "HARRIS, Benjamin Winslow (id: H000233)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  389. ^ "HARRIS, Katherine – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  390. ^ United States Congress. "HARRIS, Robert Orr (id: H000251)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  391. ^ United States Congress. "HARRISON, Frank Girard (id: H000269)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  392. ^ United States Congress. "HARTRIDGE, Julian (id: H000303)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  393. ^ United States Congress. "HASTINGS, Seth (id: H000331)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  394. ^ United States Congress. "HASTINGS, William Soden (id: H000332)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  395. ^ United States Congress. "HAVEN, Nathaniel Appleton (id: H000354)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  396. ^ United States Congress. "HAYDEN, Edward Daniel (id: H000386)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  397. ^ United States Congress. "HESELTON, John Walter (id: H000549)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  398. ^ "HIGGINS, Brian – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  399. ^ United States Congress. "HIGGINS, John Patrick (id: H000579)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  400. ^ United States Congress. "HILL, John Boynton Philip Clayton (id: H000597)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  401. ^ "HIMES, James A. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  402. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Rockwood (id: H000655)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  403. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Samuel (id: H000656)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  404. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Sherman (id: H000657)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  405. ^ United States Congress. "HOLLISTER, John Baker (id: H000728)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  406. ^ "HOLTZMAN, Elizabeth – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  407. ^ United States Congress. "HOOKER, Charles Edward (id: H000758)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  408. ^ "HORN, John Stephen (Steve) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  409. ^ United States Congress. "HOUGHTON, Alanson Bigelow (id: H000813)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  410. ^ "HOUGHTON, Amory Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  411. ^ United States Congress. "HOWLAND, Leonard Paul (id: H000871)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  412. ^ "HUFFINGTON, Michael – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  413. ^ United States Congress. "HULBERT, John Whitefield (id: H000935)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  414. ^ United States Congress. "HULL, Morton Denison (id: H000944)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  415. ^ United States Congress. "HUNGATE, William Leonard (id: H000965)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  416. ^ United States Congress. "HUNT, Carleton (id: H000969)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  417. ^ United States Congress. "JARMAN, John (id: J000057)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  418. ^ United States Congress. "JARVIS, Leonard (id: J000062)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  419. ^ "JEFFERSON, William Jennings – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  420. ^ United States Congress. "JENKINS, Albert Gallatin (id: J000081)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  421. ^ "JOHNSON, Nancy Lee – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  422. ^ United States Congress. "JONES, Thomas Laurens (id: J000253)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  423. ^ United States Congress. "KEAN, Robert Winthrop (id: K000029)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  424. ^ United States Congress. "KENDALL, Joseph Gowing (id: K000094)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  425. ^ "KENNELLY, Barbara Bailey – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  426. ^ United States Congress. "KERR, John Bozman (id: K000137)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  427. ^ "KILEY, Kevin – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  428. ^ "KIND, Ron – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  429. ^ United States Congress. "KING, Daniel Putnam (id: K000198)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  430. ^ "KING, James Gore – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  431. ^ United States Congress. "KINSLEY, Martin (id: K000230)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  432. ^ United States Congress. "KLEIN, Herbert C. (id: K000262)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  433. ^ United States Congress. "KNOX, Samuel (id: K000297)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  434. ^ United States Congress. "KRAMER, Kenneth Bentley (id: K000322)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  435. ^ United States Congress. "KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. Raja (id: K000391)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  436. ^ United States Congress. "KUNKEL, John Crain (id: K000341)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  437. ^ United States Congress. "KYROS, Peter Nicholas (id: K000356)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  438. ^ United States Congress. "LANDSMAN, Greg (id: L000601)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  439. ^ "LANGEVIN, James – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  440. ^ United States Congress. "LANHAM, Henderson Lovelace (id: L000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  441. ^ United States Congress. "John LeBoutillier (id: L000547)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  442. ^ United States Congress. "LEE, Silas (id: L000204)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  443. ^ United States Congress. "LEONARD, George (id: L000246)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  444. ^ "LEONARD, John Edwards – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  445. ^ United States Congress. "LEVIN, Andy (id: L000592)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  446. ^ "LEVIN, Sander Martin – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. September 6, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  447. ^ United States Congress. "LEVINE, Meldon Edises (id: L000264)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  448. ^ United States Congress. "LEWIS, Lawrence (id: L000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  449. ^ United States Congress. "LITTAUER, Lucius Nathan (id: L000347)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  450. ^ United States Congress. "LOCKE, John (id: L000388)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  451. ^ United States Congress. "LONGFELLOW, Stephen (id: L000430)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  452. ^ "LONGWORTH, Nicholas – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  453. ^ United States Congress. "LORING, George Bailey (id: L000445)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  454. ^ United States Congress. "LYMAN, Theodore (id: L000529)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  455. ^ "LYNCH, Stephen F. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  456. ^ United States Congress. "LYNDE, William Pitt (id: L000538)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  457. ^ United States Congress. "MACDONALD, Torbert Hart (id: M000005)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  458. ^ United States Congress. "MACY, William Kingsland (id: M000037)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  459. ^ United States Congress. "MAGEE, Walter Warren (id: M000049)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  460. ^ United States Congress. "MAGUIRE, Gene Andrew (id: M000058)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  461. ^ United States Congress. "MAHANY, Rowland Blennerhassett (id: M000062)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  462. ^ "MALONEY, James H. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  463. ^ United States Congress. "MANN, David Scott (id: M000100)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  464. ^ United States Congress. "MAST, Brian Jeffery (id: M001199)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  465. ^ "MATHESON, James David (Jim) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  466. ^ United States Congress. "MAYNE, Wiley (id: M000286)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  467. ^ United States Congress. "MAZZOLI, Romano Louis (id: M000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  468. ^ United States Congress. "McCORMICK, Washington Jay (id: M000373)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  469. ^ United States Congress. "McCOY, Walter Irving (id: M000376)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  470. ^ United States Congress. "Ward Miller (id: M000759)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  471. ^ United States Congress. "MILLS, Wilbur Daigh (id: M000778)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  472. ^ United States Congress. "MINNICK, Walt (id: M001175)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  473. ^ United States Congress. "MITCHELL, Nahum (id: M000824)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  474. ^ United States Congress. "MITCHELL, Thomas Rothmaler (id: M000829)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  475. ^ United States Congress. "MONAGAN, John Stephen (id: M000847)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  476. ^ "MOODY, Jim – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  477. ^ United States Congress. "MOOLENAAR, John (id: M001194)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  478. ^ United States Congress. "MOORHEAD, William Singer (id: M000930)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  479. ^ United States Congress. "MORRIS, Edward Joy (id: M000975)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  480. ^ United States Congress. "MORSE, Isaac Edward (id: M001011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  481. ^ United States Congress. "MOSIER, Harold Gerard (id: M001032)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  482. ^ United States Congress. "MOTT, Luther Wright (id: M001041)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  483. ^ "MURPHY, Scott – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  484. ^ United States Congress. "NAPHEN, Henry Francis (id: N000004)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  485. ^ United States Congress. "NOLAND, James Ellsworth (id: N000129)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  486. ^ United States Congress. "O'CONNELL, Joseph Francis (id: O000026)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  487. ^ United States Congress. "O'CONNOR, John Joseph (id: O000030)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  488. ^ United States Congress. "OSGOOD, Gayton Pickman (id: O000115)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  489. ^ United States Congress. "OTTINGER, Richard Lawrence (id: O000134)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  490. ^ United States Congress. "OUTLAND, George Elmer (id: O000137)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  491. ^ United States Congress. "OWEN, Allen Ferdinand (id: O000148)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  492. ^ United States Congress. "PALFREY, John Gorham (id: P000033)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  493. ^ United States Congress. "PAPPAS, Chris (id: P000614)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  494. ^ United States Congress. "PARKER, Isaac (id: P000058)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  495. ^ United States Congress. "PARKS, Gorham (id: P000074)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  496. ^ United States Congress. "PARTRIDGE, George (id: P000092)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  497. ^ United States Congress. "PERKINS, John, Jr. (id: P000236)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  498. ^ "PERRY, William Hayne – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. July 7, 1902. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  499. ^ United States Congress. "PETERS, Andrew James (id: P000251)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  500. ^ "PETRI, Thomas Evert – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. May 28, 1940. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  501. ^ United States Congress. "PHELAN, Michael Francis (id: P000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  502. ^ United States Congress. "PHILBIN, Philip Joseph (id: P000303)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  503. ^ United States Congress. "PHILLIPS, Stephen Clarendon (id: P000312)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  504. ^ United States Congress. "PITTENGER, William Alvin (id: P000371)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  505. ^ United States Congress. "PLATT, Edmund (id: P000379)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  506. ^ United States Congress. "PLUMER, William, Jr. (id: P000394)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  507. ^ United States Congress. "PORTER, Charles Orlando (id: P000439)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  508. ^ United States Congress. "PORTER, Katie (id: P000618)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  509. ^ United States Congress. "POTTER, Elisha Reynolds (id: P000462)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  510. ^ United States Congress. "PRATT, Henry Otis (id: P000501)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  511. ^ United States Congress. "PRESTON, William (id: P000517)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  512. ^ United States Congress. "PREYER, Lunsford Richardson (id: P000520)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  513. ^ United States Congress. "Josiah Quincy (id: Q000015)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  514. ^ United States Congress. "RASKIN, Jamie Ben (id: R000606)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  515. ^ United States Congress. "RAY, John Henry (id: R000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  516. ^ United States Congress. "READ, Nathan (id: R000093)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  517. ^ United States Congress. "REIFEL, Benjamin (id: R000152)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  518. ^ United States Congress. "REUSS, Henry Schoellkopf (id: R000165)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  519. ^ United States Congress. "REYNOLDS, Mel (id: R000178)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  520. ^ United States Congress. "RHODES, John Jacob (id: R000188)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  521. ^ United States Congress. "RICE, Thomas (id: R000204)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  522. ^ United States Congress. "RICHARDSON, William Merchant (id: R000231)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  523. ^ United States Congress. "ROCKWELL, Francis Williams (id: R000365)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  524. ^ United States Congress. "ROGERS, John Jacob (id: R000400)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  525. ^ United States Congress. "ROHRBOUGH, Edward Gay (id: R000410)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  526. ^ United States Congress. "ROOSEVELT, James (id: R000426)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  527. ^ United States Congress. "RUGGLES, Nathaniel (id: R000503)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  528. ^ United States Congress. "RUSSELL, Richard Manning (id: R000537)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  529. ^ United States Congress. "SALTONSTALL, Leverett (id: S000020)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  530. ^ "SARBANES, John – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  531. ^ United States Congress. "SCHEUER, James Haas (id: S000124)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  532. ^ "SCHIFF, Adam – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  533. ^ "SCHROEDER, Patricia Scott – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  534. ^ "SCOTT, Robert Cortez – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
  535. ^ United States Congress. "SEAVER, Ebenezer (id: S000215)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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  537. ^ "SESTAK, Joe – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
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