United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505 (VI)

UN General Assembly
Resolution 505
UN General Assembly; Resolution 505
Date	1 February 1952
Meeting no.	369
Code	A/RES/505(VI) (Document)
Subject	Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China and to the peace of the Far East, resulting from Soviet violations of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of August 14, 1945 and from Soviet violations of the Charter of the United Nations.
Voting summary	25 voted for; 9 voted against; 24 abstained;
Result	Adopted

The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 505 is titled Threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of China and to the peace of the Far East, resulting from Soviet violations of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance of August 14, 1945 and from Soviet violations of the Charter of the United Nations. The UN General Assembly adopted this resolution on 1 February 1952 during its sixth session after the Republic of China complained to the United Nations against the Soviet Union.

Historical background

The Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria (Northeast China) in 1931 and established Manchukuo in 1932. The Nationalist government protested the Japanese invasion and the League of Nations voted 42-1 (only Japan voted against) to pass the Lytton Report to demand Manchuria be returned to China, but Japan refused to comply and left the League of Nations. The Republic of China neither recognized Manchukuo nor was able to recover Manchuria.

In World War II, one Soviet precondition for a declaration of war against Japan was an American recognition of Mongolian independence from China, and a recognition of Soviet interests in the Manchurian railways and Port Arthur; these were agreed without Chinese representation or consent. The Soviet threat of seizing parts of Inner Mongolia induced China to recognize Outer Mongolia's independence, provided that a referendum be held. The referendum took place on 20 October 1945, with (according to official numbers) 100% of the electorate voting for independence. In line with the concluding statement of the Yalta Conference and to receive the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands after the defeat of Japan, Soviet Union immediately fought against Japan. Later, the USSR and the Republic of China signed the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Republic of China on 14 August 1945. However, the National Government of the Republic of China believed the Soviet Union violated the treaty because it obstructed the efforts of the Republic of China to re-establish national authority in Manchuria and aided the Chinese Communist Party by giving it weapons surrendered by the Japanese Imperial Army. Additionally, the Soviet Union handed territorial control to the Chinese Communist Party in that area against United States Marines aided military dispatchment and installation of Nationalist Government in North East China during the early period of Chinese Civil War after 1945.^{[clarification needed]}

In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party won the Chinese Civil War, resulting in the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The Kuomintang government of the Republic of China was forced to retreat to Taiwan, recovered from Japan in 1945 along with the Pescadores, where it continued to maintain itself as the sole legitimate government of all China and declared the Communist government to be illegitimate. With the support of the Western bloc amid the Cold War, the Republic of China was able to retain the seat of China in the United Nations despite having lost so much territory to the Communists. Both Mongolia and the nascent PRC confirmed their mutual recognition on 6 October 1949.

The vote

On 1 February 1952, the Republic of China filed a complaint to the United Nations against the Soviet Union,^[why?] which it resented for aiding the Communists in the Civil War. The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 505 to condemn the Soviet Union, with 25 countries supporting the resolution, nine opposing, 24 abstaining, and two not voting.^[1]

Later development

On 24 February 1953, the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China abolished the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and refused to recognize the independence of the Mongolian People's Republic. The Republic of China considered Resolution 505 a diplomatic victory, even though the hope of recovering mainland China and Mongolia grew increasingly dimmer as time went by. The Republic of China vetoed the Mongolian bid for UN membership in 1955, but pressure from the Soviet bloc, Third World states and non-aligned states eventually forced the Republic of China to stop blocking Mongolia, so Mongolia joined the UN in 1961^[2] in exchange for the Republic of China's seat to be retained by votes in the General Assembly in the same year at that time.^[3]

On 21 May 2012, the Mainland Affairs Council released a press release saying that Outer Mongolia is not a part of the Republic of China,^[4] whilst the Constitutional Court of the Republic of China (regarding interpretation of the Republic of China constitution) remained neutral on the Mongolian issue. Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs opened a representative office in Mongolia in 2002 with reciprocity from Mongolia in Taiwan in 2003.^[5] The Republic of China's Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission was also formally repealed in 2017.

References

^ "UNBISnet: Voting Record Search: A/RES/505(VI)". Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2012-04-28.
^ "UN in Mongolia : UN Mongolia". Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ 有關外蒙古是否為中華民國領土問題說明新聞參考資料
^ "代表處簡介 - 代表處簡介 - 駐蒙古代表處 Taipei Trade and Economic Representative Office in Ulaanbaatar". Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2014-03-22.

[1] "UNBISnet: Voting Record Search: A/RES/505(VI)". Archived from the original on 2017-09-29. Retrieved 2012-04-28.

[2] "UN in Mongolia : UN Mongolia". Archived from the original on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.

[3] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-22. Retrieved 2014-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[4] 有關外蒙古是否為中華民國領土問題說明新聞參考資料

[5] "代表處簡介 - 代表處簡介 - 駐蒙古代表處 Taipei Trade and Economic Representative Office in Ulaanbaatar". Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2014-03-22.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Cross-strait relations
Diplomatic posts	Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong Macau Economic and Cultural Office (Taiwan) Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau
Diplomacy	Opening of the South-North route Restoration of Taiwan strait shipping Kinmen Agreement Wang–Koo summit Cross-strait charter 2004 Taiwanese cross-strait relations referendum May 17 Statement 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China Cross-strait high-level talks First Chen–Chiang summit Second Chen–Chiang summit Fourth Chen–Chiang summit Fifth Chen–Chiang summit Sixth Chen–Chiang summit Seventh Chen–Chiang summit Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait CEO Summit Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Jinjiang–Kinmen Pipeline 2014 Wang–Zhang meetings 2015 Xi–Chu meeting Ma–Xi meeting Straits Forum Shanghai-Taipei City Forum Second Ma–Xi meeting
Conflicts	Chinese Civil War Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan Guanbi policy First Taiwan Strait Crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Third Taiwan Strait Crisis Senkaku Islands Dispute
Incidents	Capture of the Tuapse Kashmir Princess Battle of Dong-Yin United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 Project National Glory Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations CAAC Flight 296 China Airlines Flight 334 1987 Lieyu massacre Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident Min Ping Yu No. 5202 1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions Qiandao Lake incident China Airlines Flight 611 Sunflower Student Movement Braga incident Anti-Black Box Curriculum Movement Wang Liqiang Freedom pineapples 2021 Solomon Islands unrest 2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan 2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan 2024 Kinmen Chinese motorboat capsizing incident
Legislation	Cross-Strait Act Proposed National Unification Promotion Law Anti-Secession Law Anti-Infiltration Act
Organizations	All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots Alumni Association of Huangpu Military Academy Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits Association for Tourism Exchange Across the Taiwan Straits Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation Cross-Strait Economic, Trade and Culture Forum Cross-Strait Peace Forum Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People Lienchiang Cross-Strait Matters Forum Mainland Affairs Council National Unification Council Straits Exchange Foundation Taiwan Affairs Office Taiwan Competitiveness Forum Taiwan Strait Tourism Association
Concepts	1992 Consensus China Circle Chinese unification Chinese nationalism Chinese irredentism Chinese Taipei Cross-Strait Economic Zone Dang Guo Four Noes and One Without Greater China Han chauvinism One China One-China policy One Country on Each Side One country, two systems Propaganda in China Cross-strait propaganda Republic of China on Taiwan Self-determination Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang Socialism with Chinese characteristics Special non-state-to-state relations Six Assurances Taiwan, China Two Chinas Three Noes Three Links Taiwan consensus Taiwan independence movement Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan United front in Taiwan Under the Roof of One China Xi Jinping Thought Zhonghua minzu
Related	Fujian–Taiwan relationship Hong Kong–Taiwan relations Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council Pro-ROC camp Chinese Travel Document Exit & Entry Permit Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents Cross-strait language database ECFA Debate HMS Aurora (12) China and the United Nations China and the World Bank Chinese intelligence activity abroad Chinese information operations and information warfare Chinese Soviet Republic Freedom of religion in China Foreign relations of China Timeline of diplomatic relations with China Political status of Taiwan Foreign relations of Taiwan Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity Timeline of diplomatic relations with Taiwan Geostrategy in Taiwan Anti-Communist Hero Milk Tea Alliance Taishang G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway China National Highway 228 (Taiwan) Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission Tibet Religious Foundation of His Holiness the Dalai Lama The World Turned Upside Down Go and Reclaim the Mainland
Category:Cross-strait relations

Historical background

The vote

Later development

See also

References