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Edward Onslow Ford

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For the 20th-century surrealist painter, see Gordon Onslow Ford.

Edward Onslow Ford
Edward Onslow Ford by John McLure Hamilton, 1893. The work in progress is Applause, completed in bronze the same year.
Born(1852-07-27)27 July 1852
London, England
Died23 December 1901(1901-12-23) (aged 49)
London, England
NationalityBritish
Known forSculpture
MovementNew Sculpture
SpouseAnne Gwendoline von Kreuzer

Edward Onslow Ford RA (27 July 1852 – 23 December 1901) was an English sculptor. Much of Ford's early success came with portrait heads or busts. These were considered extremely refined, showing his subjects at their best and led to him receiving a number of commissions for public monuments and statues, both in Britain and overseas. Ford also produced a number of bronze statuettes of free-standing figures loosely drawn from mythology or of allegorical subjects. These 'ideal' figures became characteristic of the New Sculpture movement that developed in Britain from about 1880 and of which Ford was a leading exponent.

Biography

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Early life

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Ford was born at Islington in north London, the son of businessman Edward Ford and Martha Lydia Gardner. His family moved to Blackheath while he was still a child. After he had spent some time at Blackheath Proprietary School, he went to Antwerp to study painting at Royal Academy of Fine Arts there during 1870 and 1871.[1] Ford then studied under Michael Wagmüller in Munich until 1874, during which time he shared a studio with the sculptor Edwin Roscoe Mullins.[2][3] Before leaving Munich, Ford married a fellow student Anne Gwendoline, the third daughter of Baron Frans von Kreusser, in 1873.[4][5]

Portrait work

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George Henschel by Edward Onslow Ford, 1895

On returning to England around 1874, Ford settled at Blackheath and established a studio concentrating on portrait sculptures.[1] In 1875, he submitted a portrait bust he had sculpted of his wife to the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition in London.[4][5] From 1875 to 1884 Ford exhibited portrait sculptures each year at the Academy.[6]

Much of Ford's early success came in portraiture. His portrait busts are extremely refined and show his subjects at their best. He sculpted many portrait busts which are noted for their tasteful conception, delicate modelling, and verisimilitude. The best, perhaps, are the heads of John Everett Millais, Thomas Huxley, Herbert Spencer, Sir WQ Orchardson, Matthew Ridley Corbet, the duke of Norfolk, Briton Rivière, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Sir Walter Armstrong, Sir Hubert von Herkomer, Arthur Hacker (1894), and M. Dagnan-Bouveret.[5][7][4] Those in bronze of his fellow-artist Arthur Hacker (1894) and of the politician Arthur Balfour are striking likenesses, as is the marble statue of Sir Frederick Bramwell for the Royal Institution.[7]

In 1881 Ford moved his studio operation to Sydney Mews, among a block of studios off the Fulham Road.[6] Alfred Gilbert had a neighbouring studio and together they worked on a number of experimental techniques, notably in lost wax casting which Ford would use throughout his career.[1]

Exhibition pieces

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In 1885 Ford exhibited a full-size bronze male nude, Linus at the Royal Academy and the following year exhibited Folly there, the first in an extended series of bronze statuettes of adolescent girls in poses loosely derived from mythology or allegorical themes.[6] Folly was acquired by the Trusties of the Chantrey Fund for the Tate in 1886 and Ford's subsequent variations on the subject, including Peace (1887), The Singer (1889), Applause (1893) and Echo (1895) were also widely praised.[7][8][6][9] These works, termed 'ideal figures', came to be regarded by art critics as among the defining works of the New Sculpture movement that had developed in Britain from about 1880 onwards as a reaction to the blandness of much other Victorian sculpture.[6][10]

  • Folly, 1886
    Folly, 1886
  • Peace, 1887
    Peace, 1887
  • The Singer, or The Egyptian Singer, 1889
    The Singer, or The Egyptian Singer, 1889
  • Applause, 1893
    Applause, 1893
  • Echo, 1895
    Echo, 1895

The modest scale of these works by Ford indicate they were not intended for grand country houses but rather for smaller domestic settings and, like other New Sculpture artists, Ford supported the commercial production of bronze statuettes and smaller copies of his work for the home market with Peace and other works by him becoming popular reproductions.[5][6] Another characteristic of New Sculpture which Ford embraced was the use of polychromatic materials. For example, Applause has coloured resins with semi-precious stones and elements in silver, while The Singer uses copper and brass strips.[11][9]

The Singer and 'Applause were both originally on lotus-shaped pedestals, share the use of Egyptian motifs and iconography and are related by subject matter. Although created four years apart, Ford clearly considered the two works a pair and they each appear in several portraits of him, indicating both their significance to him personally and their place as his most widely exhibited works.[11][12] The two were only exhibited together once, at the Paris International Exhibition of 1900, during Ford's lifetime but since 2008 both have been in the Tate collection in London.[11][12]

Public monuments

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Alongside his portrait work, Ford received his first public commission in 1881 for the statue of Rowland Hill now at King Edward Street in London.[3] Other notable commissions included Irving as Hamlet (1883) depicting Henry Irving, found in the Guildhall Art Gallery and the Shelley Memorial in University College, Oxford (1892).[7] The standing statue of William Ewart Gladstone, 1894, for the City Liberal Club, London, is regarded as one of Ford's best portrait works.[7][4]

A number of Ford's monumental commissions celebrate the British Empire, either by promoting imperial values or as memorials to military figures.[12] A memorial statue by Ford from 1890, depicting General Gordon on a camel, stands at Brompton Barracks, Chatham, the home of the Royal School of Military Engineering.[13] A second cast of the statue was installed in Khartoum from 1904 until 1958 when, shortly after Sudan achieved its independence, the statue was removed and relocated to Gordon's School at Woking in Surrey during 1959.[13] Ford oversaw the production of small copies in bronze of the complete Gordon figure and of the camel alone for the domestic retail market.[6][14] The full-size statue was exhibited in the Egyptian Hall of The Crystal Palace in south London for a time and a statuette of the camel was shown at the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society in 1889.[12] Ford's 1895 equestrian statue of the army officer Lord Strathnairn, originally erected at Knightsbridge, was cast in gun-metal presented by the Indian government.[12] He created a silver equestrian statuette, commissioned by the family, of Frederick Roberts, who was killed in action at the Battle of Colenso in the Second Boer War.[12]

Ford received several commissions for monuments in India. These included the 1898 statue of the Maharaja of Mysore, Chamarajendra Wadiyar X in full state regalia, installed in the Lal Bagh botanical garden in Bangalore, the 1899 seated statue of Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahadur of Darbhanga in Kolkata and two full-size statues representing Dance and Music which were commissioned by the Maharajah of Durbhanga, Lachmeswar Singh Bahadur.[14][15][12]

Completed sometime during 1890, Ford's memorial to Percy Bysshe Shelley was commissioned by Lady Shelley, the widow of the poets' son, Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet, for the Protestant Cemetery in Rome but was deemed too large for the intended location and eventually installed at University College, Oxford.[16] With the intended cemetery location in mind, Ford designed the monument with a tall and elaborate base in bronze and coloured marble featuring a mourning figure and winged lions supporting a marble figure of the drowned Shelley.[16] The work was shown at the Royal Academy in 1891, to considerable praise, before being installed at Oxford.[16]

For Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897, Ford was commissioned to create a monumental statue of the Queen for Manchester.[7] The work was not completed until after her death and received poor reviews when exhibited, indoors, at the Royal Academy in May 1901 but was greatly praised when unveiled in a more appropriate external setting in Manchester later the same year.[12] Victoria sat for Ford a number of times for the Manchester monument. At her request, those studies became the basis of several portrait busts of the queen by Ford, in both marble and bronze, which she used as gifts.[17] Ford delivered the last of these early in January 1901, weeks before she died.[12] He subsequently produced a number of small-scale copies, in bronze, of the work which is considered a sensitive and sympathetic study of the elderly Victoria and the last sculptured likeness of her for which she sat.[12][17]

Ford was a founding member of the Art Workers Guild in 1884 and became president of the Guild in 1885.[9] He was elected an Associate Member of the Royal Academy in 1888 and became a full Academician in 1895.[18]

Detail of the Edward Onslow Ford Memorial, London, relief by Andrea Carlo Lucchesi

Death and legacy

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Around 1900, following an extended period of over-work and stress from financial worries, Ford developed heart disease but continued working at pace and died suddenly at his home in St John's Wood on 23 December 1901.[4][1] Ford's obituary in The Sketch, dated 1 January 1902, states that he died of pneumonia exacerbated by a weak heart. However the suddenness of his death, and his debt issues, led to some speculation about suicide.[1] He was survived by his mother, his wife, four sons, and a daughter.[4] Two of his sons had worked with Ford in his studio and they completed some of his unfinished works, most notably the marble sculpture, Snowdrift.[6] His salt cellar, in silver, ivory, marble and lapis lazuli, of St George and the Dragon was completed by John Seymour Lucas.[12]

A monument was erected to Ford's memory which was designed by the architect J W Simpson and sculpted by Ford's former studio assistant Andrea Carlo Lucchesi in St John's Wood, near his home. The monument comprises a stone pillar with a bronze seated figure in mourning at the front, based on Ford's statue The Muse of Poetry, and a wreathed bust of Ford at rear.[13][19][20]

The Henry Moore Foundation in Leeds holds an archive of Ford's papers and correspondence.[21] The Fine Art Society held a memorial exhibition for Ford in 1905, from which the Victoria and Albert Museum in London purchased a, unfinished, bronze titled Fate.[22] Several other national collections in Britain hold examples of Ford's work, notably the Tate, the National Portrait Gallery in London, the Lady Lever Art Gallery on Merseyside and the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool.[3][23][24]

Selected public works

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Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates 		Date Type Material Dimensions Designation Wikidata Notes
8 artists Former Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours building, 190–195 Piccadilly, London 1881-1883 8 busts in roundels Stone Grade II [6][25]

More images 		Rowland Hill King Edward Street, London 1881 Statue on pedestal Bronze and granite Grade II Q23016273 [6][13][26]

More images 		William Adams National Museum Cardiff 1887 Bust Marble 73.5cm [27]
General Charles George Gordon Brompton Barracks, Chatham 1890 Statue of rider and camel on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II* [13][28]

More images 		Memorial to Christopher Marlowe Marlowe Theatre, The Friars, Canterbury 1891 Statue on pedestal with 4 statuettes Bronze and stone Grade II Q19354026 [13][29]

More images 		Memorial to Percy Bysshe Shelley University College, Oxford 1892 Statue on podium with supporting figures Marble and bronze Q4793800 [13][16][30]
Freshfield family grave Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey 1892 Aedicula and grave cover Marble and bronze Grade II [31]
Sir William Pearce, 1st Baronet Govan Road, Glasgow 1894 Statue on pedestal Bronze on granite Grade B Q17812525 [32]

More images 		Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn Foley Manor, Liphook, Hampshire 1895 Equestrian statue on pedestal with panels Bronze and Portland stone Erected 1895 in London, removed 1931, sold and relocated to Liphook in 1964.[6][13][33]

More images 		Hamilton Macallum Sea Hill, Beer, Devon c. 1896 Plaque with seating surround Bronze and stone Second plaque and barometer to rear[34]
Ralph Ward Jackson Church Street, Hartlepool 1897 Statue on pedestal with plaques Bronze and limestone Grade II Q26542291 [13][35]

More images 		Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh B.B.D. Bagh, Kolkata 1898 Seated statue on pedestal Marble Grade I Q68455460 [14][36]

More images 		Thomas Henry Huxley Natural History Museum, London 1900 Seated statue Marble [37]
Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk Sheffield Town Hall 1900 Seated statue on pedestal Marble Grade I Architect, Edward William Mountford[38][39]

More images 		Lady Mary & Sir Andrew Clarke Monument Locksbrook Cemetery, Bath 1900 Sarcophagus and base Bronze and stone Grade II [40]

More images 		Queen Victoria Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester 1901 Seated statue on pedestal Bronze and Portland stone Grade II Q26539302 [13][41]
John Ruskin Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey 1901 Portrait roundel Bronze [42]
Adam Sedgwick Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Cambridge 1901 Statue [43]
Memorial to George Grey Crypt of St. Paul's Cathedral, London c. 1901 Bust with plaque & panel White, red & yellow marble [44]
General Charles George Gordon Gordon's School, Woking 1902 Statue of rider and camel on pedestal Bronze and stone Grade II Cast 1902 & erected in Khartoum, relocated to England in 1959 with a new plinth[13][45]

Other works

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A Bacchante

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Edward Onslow Ford RA". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. ^ University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Edwin Roscoe Mullins". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "Fate". Victoria & Albert Museum. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Walter Armstrong (1912). "Ford, Edward Onslow" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 39.
  5. ^ a b c d James Mackay (1977). The Dictionary of Western Sculptors in Bronze. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 0902028553.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Susan Beattie (1983). The New Sculpture. Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art / Yale University Press. ISBN 0300033591.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ford, Edward Onslow" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ "Edward Onslow Ford, 'Folly' exhibited 1886". Tate Etc. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e Jason Edwards (2013). "Ford and the Decorative Arts, The Singer exhibited 1889 and Applause 1893 by Edward Onslow Ford". Tate. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  10. ^ Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
  11. ^ a b c Jason Edwards (2013). "The Statuettes, The Singer exhibited 1889 and Applause 1893 by Edward Onslow Ford". Tate. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837–1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jo Darke (1991). The Monument Guide to England and Wales. Macdonald Illustrated. ISBN 0-356-17609-6.
  14. ^ a b c d Jason Edwards (2013). "Ford and Empire". Tate. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  15. ^ Laurence Frederic Rushbrook Williams. A Handbook for Travellers in India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. p. 121.
  16. ^ a b c d HW Janson (1985). Nineteenth-century Sculpture. Thames & Hudson.
  17. ^ a b Barbara Pezzini (24 May 2019). "Classical beauty to expressive wisdom: the changing image of Queen". Art UK. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  18. ^ "Edward Onslow Ford RA (1852–1901)". Royal Academy. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  19. ^ "Monument: Onslow Ford". London Remembers. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Monument to Edward Onslow Ford, including pair of lamp standards (1066531)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  21. ^ "Archive Collections Edward Onslow Ford". Henry Moore Foundation. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  22. ^ Diane Bilbey with Marjorie Trusted (2002). British Sculpture 1470 to 2000 A Concise Catalogue of the Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. V&A Publications. ISBN 1851773959.
  23. ^ "Search the Collection (Edward) Onslow Ford". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  24. ^ "Peace". National Museums Liverpool. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  25. ^ Historic England. "Former Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colour Premises, now forming part of Prince's House (1265805)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  26. ^ Historic England. "Statue of Rowland Hill (1064655)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  27. ^ "Art Collection Online: William Adams". Amgueddfa Cymru. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  28. ^ Historic England. "Memorial to General Gordon, Brompton Barracks (1375610)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  29. ^ Historic England. "Memorial to Christopher Marlowe (1085044)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  30. ^ Josh Pull (22 April 2005). "Shelley Memorial All Washed Up". Cherwell. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  31. ^ Historic England. "Freshfield Family Grave (1391038)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  32. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Near 801 Govan Road, junction with Burleigh Street, Sir William Pearce, statue (Category B Listed Building) (LB33343)". Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  33. ^ John Greenacombe (2000), "Knightsbridge Green Area: Scotch Corner and the High Road", Survey of London: volume 45: Knightsbridge, Institute of Historical Research, retrieved 7 September 2021
  34. ^ "Hamilton MacCallum (1841–1896)". Art UK. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  35. ^ Historic England. "Monument to Ralph Ward Jackson, approximately 34m north-east of Christ Church (1250229)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  36. ^ a b c Mary Ann Steggles & Richard Barnes (2011). British Sculpture in India: New Views & Old Memories. Frontier Publishing. ISBN 9781872914411.
  37. ^ "The Unveiling of the Huxley Memorial", Nature, 62 (1592): 10–12, 3 May 1900, doi:10.1038/062010a0, S2CID 4013805, retrieved 7 September 2021
  38. ^ "Sheffield Town Hall; Statue of the 15th Duke of Norfolk". The Courtauld Gallery. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  39. ^ Historic England. "Town Hall, Sheffield (1246902)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  40. ^ Historic England. "De Clarke Monument (1395455)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  41. ^ Historic England. "Queen Victoria Monument (1246945)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  42. ^ "John Ruskin". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  43. ^ "Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873)". Art UK. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  44. ^ Jason Edwards, Amy Harris & Greg Sullivan (2021). Monuments of St Paul's Cathedral 1796–1916. Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78551-360-2.
  45. ^ Historic England. "Statue of General Gordon, Gordon's School (1424607)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  46. ^ "University of Oxford, Balliol College; Monument to Benjamin Jowett". The Courtauld Gallery. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  47. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary le More (1182404)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
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