YJ-83
| YJ-83 | |
|---|---|
 YJ-83J Missile | |
| Type | Anti-ship cruise missile |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1998–present |
| Used by | People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 6.38 metres (20.9 ft)[1] |
| Diameter | 360 millimetres (14 in)[1] |
| Wingspan | 1,220 millimetres (48 in)[1] |
| Warhead | 190 kg high-explosive fragmentation (YJ-83) 165 kg high-explosive, semi-armour piercing (YJ-83K) |
| Engine | CTJ-2 turbojet |
Operational range | 180 km (YJ-83, YJ-83K) 230 km (YJ-83KH) 120 km (C-802) 180 km (C-802A)[2][3] |
| Flight altitude | 20-30 m (cruise)[4] 5-7 m (terminal)[4] |
| Maximum speed | Mach 0.9 (cruise) Mach 1.4 (terminal[5]) |
Guidance system | Inertial navigation/active radar homing terminal guidance |
Launch platform | Surface and air launched |
The YJ-83 (Chinese: 鹰击-83; pinyin: yingji-83; lit. 'eagle strike 83'; NATO reporting name: CSS-N-8 Saccade) is a Chinese subsonic anti-ship cruise missile. It is manufactured by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Third Academy.[6]
Description
[edit]The YJ-83 uses microprocessors and a strapdown inertial reference unit (IRU); these are more compact than the equivalent electronics used in the YJ-8 and the export C-802, allowing the YJ-83 to have a 180-km range at Mach 0.9. The missile is powered by the Chinese CTJ-2 turbojet, and carries a 190-kg high-explosive fragmentation warhead. Terminal guidance is by an active radar.[6]
The air-launched YJ-83K has a range of 180 km, a cruise speed of Mach 0.9, and a 165 kg high-explosive, semi-armour piercing warhead. The improved YJ-83KH uses a imaging-infrared seeker and has a range of 230 km;[4] reportedly it may receive course corrections by remote link.[7]
The YJ-83 entered service with the People's Liberation Army Navy in 1998 and 1999,[6] equipping large numbers of its surface warships.[8] The YJ-83K is the standard anti-ship missile carried by the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force;[4] the United States reported the usage in 2014.[9] The People's Liberation Army Air Force was using the YJ-83K by February 2020.[4]
Operational history
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2020) |
On 14 July 2006 during the 2006 Lebanon War, Hezbollah fired two Chinese-built C-802 missiles with upgraded Iranian radar seekers. The first hit a Cambodian-flagged Egyptian freighter 60 km offshore. The other hit the Israeli Navy's Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Hanit, which was patrolling 8.5 nm offshore of Beirut. The missile hit the corvette's unstealthy crane near the rear helicopter pad; the explosion holed the pad, set fire to fuel storage, and killed four crewmembers. The fire was extinguished after four hours and Hanit returned to Ashdod under its own power for three weeks of repairs. The corvette's automatic anti-missile systems were deactivated before the attack; Israel was unaware that Hezbollah had C-802s, and there were concerns over friendly fire with the Israeli Air Force.[10]
In October 2016, a cruise missile launched by Houthis in Yemen damaged HSV-2 Swift, an unarmed transport ship under the control of the United Arab Emirates (who is opposed to the Houthis in Yemen's civil war). Analysis of the damage caused by that missile led experts to believe it was a C-802, as the missile had an explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead.[11]
C-802A
[edit]
The C-802 precedes the closely related YJ-83.[12] It is powered by the French TRI 60-2 turbojet[6] and has a range of 65 nautical miles (120 km). The C-802 is considered a part of the YJ-83 family by the US military.[8] The C-802 is sometimes and erroneously considered the export version of the YJ-82; the two are separate developments.[13]
The C-802A[12] and C-802AK are the export surface- and air-launched variants.[6] The C-802A has a range of 97 nautical miles (180 km).[2][3][8]
Variants
[edit]- YJ-83
Initial surface-launched version with 120 km range.[6]
- YJ-83A/YJ-83J
Variant with enhanced range; 180 km for surface-launch and 250 km for air-launch.[6]
- YJ-83K
Air-launched variant with 180 km range.[14]
- YJ-83KH
Air-launched variant with imaging-infrared seeker and 230 km.[4]
- C-802
Predecessor of the YJ-83.[12]
- C-802A
Export variant of the surface-launched YJ-83.[6][12]
- C-802K
Export version of the air-launched YJ-83.[6]
Operators
[edit]
- Algerian National Navy: C-802, C-802A[15]
- Bangladesh Navy: C-802, C-802A[16]
- People's Liberation Army Air Force[4]
- People's Liberation Army Navy[17]
- People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force[4]
- Indonesian Navy: C-802[19]
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- Islamic Republic of Iran Navy: C-802 and an Iranian copy called Noor[20]
- Myanmar Navy: C-802[21]
- Myanmar Air Force: C-802A[22]
- Pakistan Air Force: C-802AK[23]
- Pakistan Navy: C-802, C-802A[24]
- Syrian Arab Navy: C-802[25]
- Royal Thai Navy: C-802A[26]
- Yemeni Navy: C-802[27]
- Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela: C-802A on Guaiquerí-class boats and fast attack craft[28][29]
See also
[edit]- Noor and Ghader, derivative of the C-802 produced by Iran
- Exocet – (France)
- Harpoon – (United States)
- Kh-35 – (Russia)
- Otomat – (Italy, France)
- RBS 15 – (Sweden)
- R-360 Neptune – (Ukraine)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Gormley, Erickson & Yuan 2014a, p. 16.
- ^ a b "Thailand flexes anti-ship missile capabilities in Andaman Sea with C-802A firing". Janes. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rupprecht, Andreas (18 February 2020). "Images show PLAAF J-16 armed with YJ-83K anti-ship missile". Janes. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ Eric Heginbotham; Michael Nixon; Forrest E. Morgan; Jacob L. Heim; Jeff Hagen; Sheng Li; Jeffrey Engstrom; Martin C. Libicki; Paul DeLuca; David A. Shlapak; David R. Frelinger; Burgess Laird; Kyle Brady; Lyle J. Morris (2015). The U.S.-China Military Scorecard: Forces, Geography, and the Evolving Balance of Power, 1996–2017. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8330-8219-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Gormley, Erickson & Yuan 2014b, p. 101.
- ^ Gormley, Erickson & Yuan 2014b, p. 102.
- ^ United States Office of the Secretary of Defense (June 2014). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2014 (PDF) (Report). p. 40. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ Zakheim, Dov S. (February 2012). The United States Navy and Israeli Navy: Background, current issues, scenarios, and prospects (PDF) (Report). CNA. p. 27-28. COP D0026727.A1/Final.
- ^ "USS Mason Fired 3 Missiles to Defend From Yemen Cruise Missiles Attack". USNI. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- ^ a b c d Carlson, Christopher P. (8 February 2013). "China's Eagle Strike-Eight Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles, Part 3". DefenseMediaNetwork. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ Carlson, Christopher P. (6 February 2013). "China's Eagle Strike-Eight Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles, Part 2". DefenseMediaNetwork. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ^ "Images show PLAAF J-16 armed with YJ-83K anti-ship missile". Janes. 18 February 2020.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 333.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 251.
- ^ "Missiles and Rockets of Hezbollah". Missile Threat. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 273.
- ^ "IRAN FIRST CUSTOMER TO BUY CHINESE C802 ANTI-SHIP MISSILE". Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 293.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 294.
- ^ Dominguez, Gabriel (6 March 2018). "PN, PAF successfully test-fire C-802 anti-ship cruise missiles". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 298.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 370.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 312.
- ^ Binnie, Jeremy (29 October 2015). "Yemeni rebels claim third anti-ship missile attack". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ "China Arming Venezuelan Navy With Anti-Ship Missiles". USNI News. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
- ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 383.
- Bibliography
- Gormley, Dennis M.; Erickson, Andrew S.; Yuan, Jingdong (2014a). A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier: Assessing China's Cruise Missile Ambitions (PDF). Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.
- Gormley, Dennis M.; Erickson, Andrew S.; Yuan, Jingdong (30 September 2014b). "A Potent Vector: Assessing Chinese Cruise Missile Developments". Joint Forces Quarterly (75). National Defense University. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
- The International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-27900-8.
- United States Office of Naval Intelligence (2015). The PLA Navy: New Capabilities and Missions for the 21st Century (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.