Anatoly Neratov
Anatoly Anatolyevich Neratov | |
|---|---|
| Born | 2 October 1863 |
| Died | 10 April 1938 (aged 74) |
| Occupation | Russian diplomat |
Anatoly Anatolyevich Neratov (Russian: Анатолий Анатольевич Нератов) (2 October 1863 in Russia – 10 April 1938 in Villejuif, France) was a Russian diplomat and an official of the Russian foreign ministry.[1] He was deputy to five foreign ministers of the Tsarist and the Provisional Government.
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His patron Sergey Sazonov was deputized by Neratov from March to December 1911 -
Following Boris Stürmer's downfall in November 1916 his deputy Neratov led the foreign ministry -
Nikolai Pokrovsky took over the office from Neratov and gave it back to him in February 1917 -
Pavel Milyukov took over the ministry in March 1917 but kept Neratov as his deputy minister -
Neratov remained in office under Mikhail Tereshchenko, too, until November 1917
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After finishing the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo Neratov joined the Foreign service around 1890.[2] Between 1906 and 1910 he was vice-director of the 1st department of the Russian foreign ministry,[3] from 1910 on until 1917 he then was Permanent Under Secretary of State resp. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.[1][4] Although Neratov has never been abroad during his long service[2] he temporarily became acting foreign minister four times:[4]
- from March to December 1911 (i. e. during Persian Revolution, Moroccan Crisis and Tripolitanian War) when Sergei Dmitryevich Sazonov fell ill,[5]
- in November/December 1916 (during World War I) after Boris Vladimirovich Stürmer was dismissed[6][7] and before Nikolai Nikolayevich Pokrovsky was appointed (in December Neratov became a member of the State Council, too[2][8])
- in February/March 1917 (after the February Revolution) when Pokrovsky resigned and before Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov was appointed
- in October/November 1917 (following the October Revolution) when Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko was arrested temporarily
Leon Trotsky, the new People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, asked Neratov to subordinate to the Council of People's Commissars and to hand over the secret documents from the diplomatic archives of the foreign ministry. Neratov refused and was eventually deposed and replaced by Ivan Zalkind in November 1917.[9][10][11] The secret documents were confiscated and published, however, in January 1918 Neratov claimed that some of these published documents were nothing more than insignificant notices or even forgeries.[12] During the Russian Civil War Nerotov advised the "White" movement[1] – first Anton Ivanovich Denikin,[13] then, from 1920, Denikin's successor Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel. Wrangel finally sent Neratov as his ambassador to Istanbul[1] to get support from the Entente. At the end of the Turkish War of Independence, when the Entente gave Istanbul back to the Turks, Neratov fled to France.
Sources
[edit]- ^ a b c d Архив Александра Н. Яковлева – Альманах "Россия. ХХ век" – Биографический словарь: Нератов, Анатолий Анатольевич
- ^ a b c Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. Анатолий Анатольевич Нератов
- ^ Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovskiĭ, Otto Hoetzsch: Die internationalen Beziehungen im Zeitalter des Imperialismus, Vol. 1, Part 5, Vol. 5 (Dokumente aus den Archiven der zaris[tis]chen und der provisorischen Regierung), page 426. Reimar Hobbing, Berlin 1954
- ^ a b Marina Soroka: Britain, Russia and the Road to the First World War – The Fateful Embassy of Count Aleksandr Benckendorff (1903–16), pages 207–223 and 292. Routledge, London/New York 2016
- ^ Jonathan Mercer: Reputation and International Politics, pages 171–175 and 202–210. Cornell University Press, Ithaca 2010
- ^ Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Штюрмер, Борис Владимирович
- ^ Энциклопедия "Вокруг света": Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации
- ^ Joseph T. Fuhrmann: The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Tsar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra – April 1914 – March 1917, page 752. Greenwood Press, Santa Barbara 1999
- ^ John Reed: Ten Days That Shook the World, pages 102 and 211–235. Skyhorse Publishing Inc., New York 2017
- ^ Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. Троцкий в министерстве
- ^ Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Троцкий, Лев Давидович
- ^ Wladimir P. Potjomkin: Geschichte der Diplomatie, Vol. 2 (Die Diplomatie der Neuzeit, 1872–1919), page 363. SWA, Berlin 1948.
- ^ David Golinikow: Fiasko einer Konterrevolution, page 349f. Dietz, Berlin 1982