1951 census of India

1951 census of India
1951 census of India
← Pre-independence 1961 →
General information
Country	India
Results
Total population	361,088,090 (13.32%)
Most populous state	Uttar Pradesh (60,274,800)
Least populous state	Sikkim (138,093)

The 1951 census of India was the ninth in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1872.^[1] It was also the first census after independence and Partition of India.^[2] 1951 census was also the first census to be conducted under 1948 Census of India Act. The first census of the Indian Republic began on February 10, 1951.^[3]

The population of India was counted as 361,088,090 (1000:946 male:female)^[4] Total population increased by 42,427,510, 13.31% more than the 318,660,580 people counted during the 1941 census.^[5] No census was done for Jammu and Kashmir in 1951 and its figures were interpolated from 1941 and 1961 state census.^[6] National Register of Citizens for Assam (NRC) was prepared soon after the census.^[7]^[8] In 1951, at the time of the first population census, just 18% of Indians were literate while life expectancy was 32 years.^[9] Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan).^[10]

Language demographics

Languages of India in 1951^[11]

Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, 149,944,311 (42.01%)

Telugu, 32,999,916 (9.24%)

Marathi, 27,049,522 (7.57%)

Tamil, 26,546,764 (7.43%)

Bengali, 25,121,674 (7.03%)

Gujarati, 16,310,771 (4.57%)

Kannada, 14,471,764 (4.05%)

Malayalam, 13,380,109 (3.69%)

Odia, 13,153,909 (3.21%)

Assamese, 4,988,226 (1.39%)

others (9.81%)

Separate figures for Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi were not issued, due to the partition 1947 and fact that returns were intentionally recorded incorrectly in states such as East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, PEPSU, and Bilaspur.^[11]

Religious demographics

Major religious groups in India in 1951

Hinduism, 303,675,084 (84.1%)

Islam, 35,386,633 (9.8%)

Christianity, 8,305,026 (2.3%)

Sikhism, 6,824,565 (1.89%)

Buddhism, 2,672,051 (0.74%)

Animism, others, 1,552,678 (0.46%)

Jainism, 1,661,005 (0.43%)

In 1951, India had 305 million Hindus (84.1% of the poulation), 35.4 million Muslims (9.8%), 8.3 million Christians, (2.3%), and 6.86 million Sikhs, (1.9%). 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians.^[12] Hindus had made up about 73% of the population of British India. Just after independence and the partition of India, the proportion of Hindus rose to around 85%.

Notes

References

^ M. Vijaynunni (26–29 August 1998). "Planning for the 2001 Census of India Based on the 1991 Census" (PDF). 18th Population Census Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Association of National Census and Statistics Directors of America, Asia, and the Pacific. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
^ "India's religions by numbers". The Hindu. 26 August 2015.
^ "HT This Day: Feb 10, 1951 -- First Census In Indian Republic Begins". 8 February 2022.
^ "Census of India: Variation in Population since 1901". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
^ "Census data" (PDF). www.isec.ac.in.
^ "Budget data" (PDF). indiabudget.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2014-07-01.
^ "National Register of Citizens in Assam: Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one". The Economic Times. 14 June 2015.
^ "Assam: Overhaul of National Register of Citizens sparks controversy". Hindustan Times. 30 June 2015.
^ Shashi Shekhar (13 August 2017). "Despite stains, democracy has thrived in India". livemint.
^ Vivek Shukla (14 August 2017). "When Muslims left Pakistan for India". The New Indian Express.
^ ^a ^b Dasgupta, Jyotirindra (1970). Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies. p. 47. ISBN 9780520015906.
^ "Muslims in Indian army". Dawn. 15 March 2010.

External links

Official website
Census Reports – 1951, South Asia Open Archives, JSTOR.
Census of India, 1951, Volume 1, Part 1-A – Report, Registrar General, India and ex-officio Census Commissioner for India, via archive.org.

[ancsdaap-1] M. Vijaynunni (26–29 August 1998). "Planning for the 2001 Census of India Based on the 1991 Census" (PDF). 18th Population Census Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: Association of National Census and Statistics Directors of America, Asia, and the Pacific. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 2013-11-08.

[The_Hindu_religions-2] "India's religions by numbers". The Hindu. 26 August 2015.

[3] "HT This Day: Feb 10, 1951 -- First Census In Indian Republic Begins". 8 February 2022.

[4] "Census of India: Variation in Population since 1901". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-11-14.

[5] "Census data" (PDF). www.isec.ac.in.

[6] "Budget data" (PDF). indiabudget.nic.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2014-07-01.

[7] "National Register of Citizens in Assam: Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one". The Economic Times. 14 June 2015.

[8] "Assam: Overhaul of National Register of Citizens sparks controversy". Hindustan Times. 30 June 2015.

[9] Shashi Shekhar (13 August 2017). "Despite stains, democracy has thrived in India". livemint.

[10] Vivek Shukla (14 August 2017). "When Muslims left Pakistan for India". The New Indian Express.

[langs1951-11] Dasgupta, Jyotirindra (1970). Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies. p. 47. ISBN 9780520015906.

[indiadawn1951-12] "Muslims in Indian army". Dawn. 15 March 2010.

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