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Viceregal eponyms in Canada

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In Canada, a number of sites and structures are named for Governors General of the country, the Canadian monarch's representative in the country.

Governors and Governors General of New France (1627–1760)

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Samuel de Champlain

[edit]
Samuel de Champlain (1627–1635)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Maine ME (U.S. state)
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Champlain Bridge, Montréal
  • HMCS Champlain
  • Boulevard Champlain, Quebec City[4]
  • Avenue Champlain, Saint-Hyacinthe[5]
  • Avenue Champlain, Shawinigan[6]
  • Avenue Champlain, Rouyn-Noranda[7]
  • Avenue Champlain, Pointe-Claire[8]
  • Avenue Champlain, Val-d'Or[9]
  • Boulevard Champlain, Candiac[10]
  • Avenue Champlain, Baie-Comeau[11]
  • Avenue Champlain, Mont-Joli[12]
  • Avenue Champlain, Chertsey[13]
  • Avenue Champlain, Disraeli[14]
  • Avenue Champlain, Venise-en-Québec[15]
  • Avenue Champlain, Saint-Armand[16]
  • Avenue Champlain, Hemmingford[17]
  • Avenue Champlain, Courcelles[18]

Charles de Montmagny

[edit]
Charles de Montmagny (1635–1648)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Quebec QC

Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge

[edit]
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge (1648–1651)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Quebec QC

The Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau

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Louis de Buade de Frontenac (1672–1682, 1689–1698)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Rue Frontenac, Montreal, Quebec

Vaudreuil family

[edit]
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil (1703–1725)
or
Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (1755–1760)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Quebec QC

The Marquis de Beauharnois

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Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois (1725–1747)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Quebec QC

The Marquis de la Jonquière

[edit]
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière (1749–1752)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Quebec QC
Saskatchewan SK

Governors and Governors General of Canada (1760–1867)

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Sir Jeffery Amherst

[edit]
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1760–1763)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Rue Amherst, Montréal (renamed Rue Atateken in 2019)[30]
Nunavut NU

The Lord Dorchester

[edit]
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1768–1778, 1786–1796)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Prince Edward Island PEI
Quebec QC

Sir Frederick Haldimand

[edit]
Frederick Haldimand (1778–1786)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
Prince Edward Island PEI

Robert Prescott

[edit]
Robert Prescott (1796–1799)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

Sir George Prévost

[edit]
George Prévost (1812–1815)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • HMS Wolfe (launched in Kingston) was called HMS Sir George Prevost before its launch in 1813.

Sir Gordon Drummond

[edit]
Gordon Drummond (1815–1816)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Ontario ON
Quebec QC

Sir John Coape Sherbrooke

[edit]
John Coape Sherbrooke (1816–1818)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Nova Scotia NS
Quebec QC

The Duke of Richmond

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Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond (1818–1819)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Quebec QC

The Earl of Dalhousie

[edit]
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie (1820–1828)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON

Sir James Kempt

[edit]
James Kempt (1828–1830)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON

The Lord Aylmer

[edit]
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer (1830–1835)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
Quebec QC

The Earl of Gosford

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Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford (1835–1837)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Quebec QC

Sir John Colborne

[edit]
John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton (1837–1838)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

The Lord Sydenham

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Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham (1839–1841)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

Sir Charles Metcalfe

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Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe (1843–1845)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
Quebec QC

The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine

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James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin (1847–1854)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
Ontario ON

Sir Edmund Walker Head

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Sir Edmund Walker Head, 8th Baronet (1854–1861)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB

Governors General of Canada (since 1867)

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The Viscount Monck

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Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck (1867–1869)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

The Lord Lisgar

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John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar (1869–1872)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

The Earl of Dufferin

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Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1872–1878)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
Manitoba MB
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Dufferin Street, Quebec City[74]
  • Terrasse Dufferin, Quebec City[74]

Marquess of Lorne

[edit]
For eponyms of Lord Lorne's wife Princess Louise, see Royal eponyms in Canada § Princess Louise.
John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1878–1883)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Manitoba MB
New Brunswick NB
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Prince Edward Island PEI
Yukon YK

The Marquess of Lansdowne

[edit]
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1883–1888)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
British Columbia BC
Manitoba MB
New Brunswick NB
  • Lansdowne Street, Fredericton[80]
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Lansdowne Street, Quebec City[80]
Yukon YK

The Lord Stanley of Preston

[edit]
Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby (1888–1893)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
New Brunswick NB
Nova Scotia NS
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Rue Stanley, Montréal[82]
  • the Stanley Cup, a trophy presented to the winning team of the National Hockey League annually[85]

The Earl of Aberdeen

[edit]
John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (1893–1898)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
New Brunswick NB
Ontario ON
  • Aberdeen Street, Hamilton[87]
  • Aberdeen Street, Kingston[87]
  • Aberdeen Street, Sarnia[87]
  • Aberdeen Street, Toronto[87]
Quebec QC
Saskatchewan SK

The Earl of Minto

[edit]
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898–1904)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
  • Minto Street, Vancouver
Manitoba MB
New Brunswick NB
Ontario ON
  • Minto Place, Ottawa[89]
  • Minto Street, Toronto[89]
  • the Minto Cup, a trophy presented annually to the champion junior men's lacrosse team in Canada[94]

The Earl Grey

[edit]
Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1904–1911)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Newfoundland and Labrador NL
Saskatchewan SK
  • the Grey Cup, a trophy presented annually to the champion of the Canadian Football League[96]

The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn

[edit]
Further information: Royal eponyms in Canada § Prince Arthur

The Duke of Devonshire

[edit]
Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1916–1921)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • Devonshire Cup, a trophy presented to the champion of the Canadian Senior Golf Association[97]
  • Duke of Devonshire Trophy, awarded by the Ottawa Horticultural Society to its highest scoring exhibitor[97]

The Lord Byng of Vimy

[edit]
Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (1921–1926)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
British Columbia BC
Manitoba MB
Ontario ON
Quebec QC

The Viscount Willingdon

[edit]
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (1926–1931)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
British Columbia BC
  • the Willingdon Cup, presented annually to the champion of the Royal Canadian Golf Association[102]

The Earl of Bessborough

[edit]
Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough (1931–1935)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
New Brunswick NB
Saskatchewan SK

The Lord Tweedsmuir

[edit]
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir (1935–1940)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
British Columbia BC

The Earl of Athlone

[edit]
Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1940–1946)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
Newfoundland and Labrador NL
Quebec QC
  • Chemin Athlone, Mount-Royal[111]

The Viscount Alexander of Tunis

[edit]
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1946–1952)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
Manitoba MB
Ontario ON

Vincent Massey

[edit]
Vincent Massey (1952–1959)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Manitoba MB
Ontario ON
  • Vincent Massey Memorial Centre Ice Skating Rink, Bewdley
Quebec QC
  • Rue Vincent-Massey, Quebec City[113]
  • Rue Vincent-Massey, Laval[114]
  • Rue Vincent-Massey, Trois-Rivières[115]
  • Rue Vincent-Massey, Beloeil[116]
  • Chemin Vincent-Massey, Rawdon[117]
Saskatchewan SK

Georges Vanier

[edit]
Georges Vanier (1959–1967)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
British Columbia BC
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
  • Vanier, a city that merged into Quebec City in 2002[122]
  • Parc Georges-Vanier, Shawinigan[123]
  • Georges-Vanier, a station on the Montreal Metro[124]
  • Boulevard Georges-Vanier, Montréal[125]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Laval[126]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Gatineau[127]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Saguenay[128]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Shawinigan[129]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Thetford Mines[130]
  • Rue Georges-Vanier, Beauharnois[131]
  • the Vanier Cup, a trophy awarded annually to the university football champion[132]
  • Georges Vanier Scholarship[133]

Roland Michener

[edit]
Roland Michener (1967–1974)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Alberta AB
Ontario ON

Jules Léger

[edit]
Jules Léger (1974–1979)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • Jules Léger Library, Lester B. Pearson Building, Ottawa[138]
Quebec QC
  • Lac Jules-Léger[139]
  • Parc Jules-Léger, Châteauguay[140]
  • Parc Jules-Léger, Saint-Anicet[141]
  • Rue Jules-Léger, Montréal[142]
  • Rue Jules-Léger, Gatineau[143]
  • Rue Jules-Léger, Trois-Rivières[144]
  • Rue Jules-Léger, Boucherville[145]
  • Rue Jules-Léger, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville[146]
  • the Jules and Gabrielle Léger Fellowship, after Léger and his wife Gabrielle[147]

Edward Schreyer

[edit]
Edward Schreyer (1979–1984)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • Edward Schreyer Fellowship, University of Toronto[148]

Jeanne Sauvé

[edit]
Jeanne Sauvé (1984–1990)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Manitoba MB
Quebec QC
  • Bourassa-Sauvé (electoral riding) in Montreal
  • Parc Jeanne-Sauvé, Montréal[150]
  • Parc Jeanne-Sauvé, Saint-Charles-Borromée[151]
  • Jeanne Sauvé Cup, awarded to the Canadian Ringette champions[152]
  • Jeanne Sauvé Fair Play Award[152]
  • Jeanne Sauvé Trophy, world championship for women's field hockey[152]
  • Rue Jeanne-Sauvé, Québec[153]
  • Rue Jeanne-Sauvé, Sherbrooke[154]
  • Rue Jeanne-Sauvé, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville[155]
  • Rue Jeanne-Sauvé, Saint-Charles-Borromée[156]

Ray Hnatyshyn

[edit]
Ray Hnatyshyn (1990–1995)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings

Roméo LeBlanc

[edit]
Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
New Brunswick NB
  • LeBlanc Park, Memramcook[159]

Adrienne Clarkson

[edit]
Adrienne Clarkson (1999–2005)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • the Clarkson Cup, a trophy awarded to the champion of the National Canadian Women's Hockey Championship[161]

Michaëlle Jean

[edit]
Michaëlle Jean (2005–2010)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

David Johnston

[edit]
David Johnston (2010–2016)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures and other objects Schools Buildings
Ontario ON
  • David Johnston International Experience Awards, University of Waterloo[164]
  • David Johnston Research and Technology Park, Waterloo[165]

Julie Payette

[edit]
Julie Payette (2017–2021)
Region Geographic locations Civil structures Schools Buildings
Ontario ON

Lieutenant governors

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British Columbia

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New Brunswick

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Newfoundland and Labrador

[edit]

Nova Scotia

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Prince Edward Island

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See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Hamilton (1978, p. 291) identifies the elder Vaudreuil as the town's namesake.
  2. ^ Previously, there was also a street named when Dorchester Boulevard. The square received its name when the street was renamed Boulevard René-Lévesque.[36]
  3. ^ The town takes its name from the old Drummond Parish, which was named for the Governor General.[41]
  4. ^ The identity of this town's namesake is disputed. Carolyn Harris, in The Canadian Encyclopedia, identifies the Governor General as the namesake.[80] Hamilton (1978, pp. 183–184), however, suggests that the namesake is his ancestor, the 2nd Marquess.
  5. ^ The identity of this mountain's namesake is disputed. Carolyn Harris, in The Canadian Encyclopedia, identifies the Governor General as the peak's namesake.[82] The official database for geographical names in British Columbia, however, identifies Stanley H. Mitchell, an official of the Alpine Club of Canada, as the mountain's namesake.[83]
  6. ^ The identity of this town's namesake is disputed. Carolyn Harris, in The Canadian Encyclopedia, identifies the Governor General as the town's namesake.[82] Hamilton (1978, p. 102), however, identifies his father, who was the British Prime Minister, as the town's namesake.
  7. ^ Named for the town[173]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "History of Acadia National Park". OhRanger.com. APN Media, LLC. 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  2. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 236.
  3. ^ Marsh, James H. (January 23, 2014). "Lake Champlain". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  4. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  5. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  6. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  7. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  8. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  9. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  10. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  11. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  12. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  13. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  14. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  15. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  16. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  17. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  18. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  19. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 260.
  20. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 239.
  21. ^ Marsh, James H.; Dale, Ronald J. (March 4, 2015). "Fort Frontenac". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  22. ^ Sabourin, Diane (March 13, 2015). "Château Frontenac". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  23. ^ a b Hamilton 1996, p. 106.
  24. ^ Hamilton 1978, pp. 229–230.
  25. ^ Boyko, John (July 27, 2020). "Charles de Beauharnois de La Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  26. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 249.
  27. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 130.
  28. ^ a b c Hamilton 1978, p. 158.
  29. ^ School History[dead link]
  30. ^ Sutherland, Stuart (June 21, 2019). "Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  31. ^ a b Hamilton 1996, p. 69.
  32. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 138.
  33. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 171.
  34. ^ Extant Commissioned Ships – HMCS Carleton. The Canadian Forces website. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  35. ^ a b c Hamilton 1996, p. 437.
  36. ^ "FROM THE ARCHIVE: Montreal to rename Dorchester Blvd. after Levesque". Montreal Gazette. January 5, 2007. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  37. ^ "Haldimand History". Rootsweb Ancestry. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  38. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 453.
  39. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 198.
  40. ^ Prescott County Genweb. Rootsweb Ancestry. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  41. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 70.
  42. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 241.
  43. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 148.
  44. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 287.
  45. ^ Larsen, Wayne (January 29, 2007). "A celebration of Sherbrooke Street". Westmount Examiner. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  46. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 392.
  47. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 200.
  48. ^ "Richmond Hill, Ontario (Canada)". crwflags.com. 2008-06-07. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  49. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 255.
  50. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 268.
  51. ^ "Fort Lennox, third fortification on Isle aux noix". Fort Lennox National Historic Site. Parks Canada. March 8, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  52. ^ Community Profile: Dalhousie, New Brunswick. ePodunk. 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  53. ^ History & Tradition at the Dalhousie University website. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  54. ^ a b c d e f Hamilton 1996, p. 341.
  55. ^ Rideau Canal Waterway
  56. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 160.
  57. ^ History of Aylmer. Aylmer & District Museum. 2002, revised 2006. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  58. ^ Port Colborne official website
  59. ^ Community Profile: Sydenham, Ontario. ePodunk. 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  60. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 206.
  61. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 72.
  62. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 120.
  63. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 172.
  64. ^ Hamilton 1978, pp. 181–182.
  65. ^ Port Elgin: History. sunsets.com. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  66. ^ Townships and parishes in Madawaska County – Edmundston also known as Petit-Sault, or Little Falls. The Upper St. John River Valley website. 2007-01-10. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  67. ^ Ontario Plaque for Monck Road
  68. ^ "Lisgar" at heritagemississauga.com
  69. ^ Finnigan, Joan (1993). Lisgar Collegiate Institute: 1843-1993. Ottawa: Lisgar Alumni Association. p. 6. ISBN 096972540X. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  70. ^ a b "Dufferin Island". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  71. ^ Countess of Dufferin at the Winnipeg Railway Museum website
  72. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 383.
  73. ^ About Dufferin
  74. ^ a b c Harris, Carolyn (September 22, 2017). "Lord Dufferin". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  75. ^ a b Harris, Carolyn (August 31, 2017). "John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, Marquess of Lorne". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  76. ^ a b Hamilton 1996, p. 95.
  77. ^ a b c Hamilton 1996, p. 351.
  78. ^ LPSS Matters
  79. ^ Hamilton 1996, p. 462.
  80. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Harris, Carolyn (April 30, 2019). "The Marquess of Lansdowne, Governor General of Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  81. ^ Lansdowne Park Heritage Brief, p. 12.
  82. ^ a b c d e Harris, Carolyn (March 16, 2020). "Lord Stanley". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  83. ^ "Stanley Peak". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  84. ^ Fergusson, Charles Bruce (1974) [1967]. Place Names and Places of the Province of Nova Scotia (Facisimile ed.). Belleville, Ont.: Mika Publishing Company. p. 643. ISBN 0-919302-90-4. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  85. ^ Ottawa Journal article of dinner at Backcheck website. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  86. ^ a b "Aberdeen Lake". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  87. ^ a b c d Harris, Carolyn (October 4, 2017). "John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  88. ^ History of Lansdowne Park
  89. ^ a b c d e Harris, Carolyn (March 9, 2020). "Gilbert John Murray Kynynmond Elliot, 4th Earl of Minto". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  90. ^ Discover Minnedosa!
  91. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 95.
  92. ^ About Lady Minto at the Lady Minto Hospital website
  93. ^ The Earl of Minto at canadahistory.com
  94. ^ Minto Cup at the Canadian Lacrosse Association website
  95. ^ Earl Grey website (History section)
  96. ^ "Grey Cup History Timeline 1900". Archived from the original on 2012-09-22. Retrieved 2015-01-18.
  97. ^ a b c Harris, Carolyn (March 29, 2019). "Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  98. ^ Place Names of Alberta: Published for the Geographic Board by the Department of the Interior. Ottawa: F.C. Acland. 1928. p. 27. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  99. ^ "Mount Byng". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  100. ^ Harris, Carolyn (January 13, 2021). "Viscount Byng of Vimy". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  101. ^ "Lady Byng Memorial Trophy". Archived from the original on 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  102. ^ Rubenstein, Lorne (March 4, 2015). "Golf". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  103. ^ "2003 Top Ten Endangered Sites" at heritagevancouver.com
  104. ^ "Buchan Creek". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  105. ^ "Buchan Inlet". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  106. ^ History of Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park
  107. ^ "Tweedsmuir Park". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  108. ^ "Tweedsmuir Peak". BC Geographical Names. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  109. ^ From the neighbourhood description in the City of Edmonton map utility.
  110. ^ Harris, Carolyn (September 20, 2017). "Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  111. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  112. ^ History of Massey College
  113. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  114. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  115. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  116. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  117. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  118. ^ Lucht, Bernie. "Ideas: The CBC Massey Lectures". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  119. ^ Dana Lynch (2008-10-22). "Vanier Park Overview". About.com. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  120. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 209.
  121. ^ School histories: Georges Vanier Catholic School Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  122. ^ Hamilton 1978, p. 291.
  123. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  124. ^ Origin of the name
  125. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  126. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  127. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  128. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  129. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  130. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  131. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  132. ^ Vanier Cup History
  133. ^ Canadian Bureau for International Education (February 27, 2008). "International education gets a boost in federal budget Archived 2009-03-27 at the Wayback Machine". Press release. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
  134. ^ "Mount Michener". cdnrockiesdatabases.ca. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
  135. ^ "The Right Honourable D. Roland Michener" Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine at the Michener Institute website
  136. ^ Roland Michener Secondary School
  137. ^ "The Michener Award". The Michener Awards Foundation. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  138. ^ Monet, Jacques; Kucharsky, Danny (February 23, 2018). "Jules Léger". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  139. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  140. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  141. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  142. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  143. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  144. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  145. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  146. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  147. ^ Funding Opportunities at the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council website
  148. ^ The Right Honourable Edward Richard Schreyer at Governor General Archives
  149. ^ School website
  150. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
  151. ^ "Fiche descriptive".
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