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List of Italian Nobel laureates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Laureates by field
Field Number of recipients
Physics
6
Chemistry
1
Physiology or Medicine
6
Literature
6
Peace
1
Economic Sciences
1

The Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed on "those who conferred the greatest benefit on humankind" in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences[nb 1],[1] instituted by Alfred Nobel's last will, which specified that a part of his fortune be used to create the prizes. Each laureate (recipient) receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.[2] They are widely recognized as one of the most prestigious honours awarded in the aforementioned fields.[3]

First instituted in 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to a total of 965 individuals and 27 organizations as of 2023.[4] Among them, 21 Italian nationals have been honored with the Nobel Prize.[5][6]

The latest Italian laureate is Giorgio Parisi, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2021. Two women received the award: Grazia Deledda in 1926, and Rita Levi-Montalcini in 1986. The 21 prizes are distributed as follows: six for physics, literature, and medicine; one for chemistry, peace, and economic sciences.

Laureates

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Swiss Nobel laureates
Year Image Laureate Born Died Field Rationale
1906 Portrait of Camillo Golgi Camillo Golgi 7 July 1843 in Corteno 21 January 1926 in Pavia Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"[7]
prize shared with Santiago Ramón y Cajal
1906 Portrait of Giosuè Carducci Giosuè Carducci 27 July 1835 in Valdicastello 16 February 1907 in Bologna Literature "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"[8]
1907 Portrait of Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 20 September 1833 in Milan, Austrian Empire 10 February 1918 in Milan Peace "for his work in the press and in peace meetings, both public and private, for an understanding between France and Italy"[9]
prize shared with Louis Renault
1909 Portrait of Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi 25 April 1874 in Bologna 20 July 1937 in Rome Physics "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"[10]
prize shared with Karl Ferdinand Braun
1926 Portrait of Grazia Deledda Grazia Deledda 27 September 1871 in Nuoro 15 August 1936 in Rome Literature "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[11]
1934 Portrait of Luigi Pirandello Luigi Pirandello 28 June 1867 in Agrigento 10 December 1936 in Rome Literature "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"[12]
1938 Portrait of Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi 29 September 1901 in Rome
since 1944 also American citizen[13] 		28 November 1954 in Chicago, USA Physics "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"[14]
1957 Portrait of Daniel Bovet Daniel Bovet 23 March 1907 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland
acquired Italian citizenship in 1947 or 1948[15] 		8 April 1992 in Rome Physiology or Medicine "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"[16]
1959 Portrait of Emilio Segrè Emilio Segrè 1 February 1905 in Tivoli
since 1944 also American citizen[17] 		22 April 1989 in Lafayette, USA Physics "for their discovery of the antiproton"[18]
prize shared with Owen Chamberlain
1959 Portrait of Salvatore Quasimodo Salvatore Quasimodo 20 August 1901 in Modica 14 June 1968 in Naples Literature "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"[19]
1963 Portrait of Giulio Natta Giulio Natta 26 February 1903 in Imperia 2 May 1979 in Bergamo Chemistry "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"[20]
prize shared with Karl Ziegler
1969 Portrait of Salvador Luria Salvador Luria 13 August 1912 in Turin
since 1947 also American citizen[21] 		6 February 1991 in Lexington, USA Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[22]
prize shared with Max Delbrück and Alfred D. Hershey
1975 Portrait of Renato Dulbecco Renato Dulbecco 22 February 1914 in Catanzaro
since 1953 also American citizen[23] 		19 February 2012 in La Jolla, USA Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[24]
prize shared with David Baltimore and Howard Martin Temin
1975 Portrait of Eugenio Montale Eugenio Montale 12 October 1896 in Genoa 12 September 1981 in Milan Literature "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"[25]
1984 Portrait of Carlo Rubbia Carlo Rubbia 31 March 1934 in Gorizia — Physics "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"[26]
prize shared with Simon van der Meer
1985 Portrait of Franco Modigliani Franco Modigliani 18 June 1918 in Rome
since 1946 also American citizen[27] 		25 September 2003 in Cambridge, USA Economics "for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[28]
1986 Portrait of Rita Levi-Montalcini Rita Levi-Montalcini 22 April 1909 in Turin 30 December 2012 in Rome Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of growth factors"[29]
prize shared with Stanley Cohen
1997 Portrait of Dario Fo Dario Fo 24 March 1926 in Leggiuno-Sangiano 13 October 2016 in Milan Literature "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"[30]
2002 Portrait of Riccardo Giacconi Riccardo Giacconi 6 October 1931 in Genoa
since 1960 also American citizen[31] 		16 December 2018 in La Jolla Physics "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"[32]
prize shared with Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba
2007 Portrait of Mario Capecchi Mario Capecchi 6 October 1937 in Verona
later naturalized American[33] 		— Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"[34]
prize shared with Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies
2021 Portrait of Giorgio Parisi Giorgio Parisi 4 August 1948 in Rome — Physics "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales"[35]
prize shared with Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences is an additional prize that was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden and was first awarded in 1969. Although not technically a Nobel Prize, it is identified with the award and the winners are announced with the Nobel Prize recipients, and the Prize in Economic Sciences is presented at the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Nobel Prizes–Britannica". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  2. ^ "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  3. ^ "A short guide to the Nobel Prize". Swedish Institute. 7 December 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Nobel Prize facts". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  5. ^ "Tutti i Nobel italiani nella storia". Quotidiano Nazionale (in Italian). 5 October 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  6. ^ "Giorgio Parisi è il 21° italiano a ricevere il premio Nobel: ecco tutti i vincitori". Tgcom24 (in Italian). 5 October 2021. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  7. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  8. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1906". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1907". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  10. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1909". NobelPrize.org. 20 July 1937. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  11. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1926". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  12. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1934". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  13. ^ Segrè, Emilio (1970). Enrico Fermi, Physicist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-226-74473-5. OCLC 118467.
  14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1938". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Bovet, Daniel". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (in German). 12 December 2002. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  16. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957". NobelPrize.org. 23 March 1907. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  17. ^ "SEGRÈ, Emilio Gino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). 2018. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  18. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1959". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  19. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1959". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  20. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  21. ^ "LURIA, Salvatore". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). 2006. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  22. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  23. ^ "DULBECCO, Renato". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  24. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  25. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1975". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  26. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1984". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  27. ^ "MODIGLIANI, Franco". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  28. ^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  29. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  30. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1997". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  31. ^ "Giaccóni, Riccardo". Treccani (in Italian). 28 July 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  32. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  33. ^ "Capécchi, Mario Renato". Treccani (in Italian). 28 July 2023. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  34. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  35. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
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