List of sovereign states in the 1860s
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2024) |
 |
Sovereign states
[edit]A
[edit]
Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
→ 
Andorra – Principality of Andorra
Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt (from 1863 to July 1, 1867)
Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)- Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (to 1863)
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
Annam – Empire of Annam- Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
→ 
Argentina
- Argentine Confederation (to December 12, 1861)
- Argentine Republic (from December 12, 1861)
Aro – Aro Confederacy
Ashanti – Asante Union
→ 
Austria / Austria-Hungary
- Austrian Empire (to May 29, 1867)
- Austro-Hungarian Empire (from May 29, 1867)
B
[edit]
Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden- Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
- Bamana – Bamana Empire (to 1861)
- Baol – Kingdom of Baol
- Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland (to 1868)
Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Benin – Benin Empire- Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora- Bornu – Bornu Empire
Brazil – Empire of Brazil
Bremen – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (to July 1, 1867)
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick (to July 1, 1867)
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
Burma – Kingdom of Burma- Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi
C
[edit]
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia (to 1863)
→ 
Canada – Dominion of Canada (from July 1, 1867)- Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (to March 22, 1860)
Chile
- Republic of Chile (to 18 September 1861)
- Republic of Chile (from 18 September 1861)
China – Great Qing
Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20, 1861)- Confederate States of America → Confederate States
- Cook Islands → Rarotonga
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
D
[edit]- Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
- Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
Denmark
- Danish Unitary State (to 1864)
- Kingdom of Denmark (from 1864)
→ 
Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (from August 16, 1865)
E
[edit]
→ 
Ecuador
- Republic of Ecuador (to 24 September 1860)
- Republic of Ecuador (from 24 September 1860)
→ 
→ 
El Salvador – El Salvador
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
F
[edit]- Fante – Fante Confederacy (from 1868)
- Fiji – Tui Viti
France – Empire of the French
Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt (to October 8, 1866)- Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
- Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro
G
[edit]- Garo – Kingdom of Garo
- Gera – Kingdom of Gera
- Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18, 1861)
Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala- Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
H
[edit]
Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg (to 1867)
Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover (to September 20, 1866)
Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (to 1866)
Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse (to 1866)
Holstein – Duchy of Holstein (to 1866)
→ 
Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
I
[edit]- Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17, 1861)
J
[edit]
Japan
- Tokugawa shogunate (to January 3, 1868)
- Empire of Japan (from January 3, 1868)[1]
- Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
- Jolof – Jolof Kingdom
K
[edit]- Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu (to 1867)
- Kaarta – Kingdom of Kaarta
- Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Kashgaria – Kingdom of Kashgaria (from 1862)- Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
- Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
Khiva – Khanate of Khiva- Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
- Kong – Kong Empire
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon- Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
L
[edit]
Liberia – Republic of Liberia
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Limburg – Duchy of Limburg (to 1866)- Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
Lippe – Principality of Lippe (to July 1, 1867)- Loango – Kingdom of Loango
- Luba – Luba Empire
Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) (to 1867)- Lunda – Lunda Empire
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
M
[edit]
Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives- Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
- Massina – Massina Empire (to 1868)
- Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (to July 1, 1867)- Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (to July 1, 1867)
→ 
→ Mexico
- Republic of Mexico (to April 10, 1864)
- Mexican Empire (from April 10, 1864 to May 15, 1867)
- United Mexican States (from May 1867)
- Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
N
[edit]
Nassau – Duchy of Nassau (to 1866)
Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20, 1861)
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
North German Confederation – North German Confederation (from July 1, 1867)
O
[edit]
Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (to July 1, 1867)
Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State[2][3][4][5][6]
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State- Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
[edit]
Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
Papal States – States of the Church
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Perak – Sultanate of Perak
Persia – Persian Empire
Peru
- Peruvian Republic (to 14 January 1866)
- Peruvian Republic (from 14 January 1866)
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia (to July 1, 1867)
R
[edit]
Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea- Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line (to July 1, 1867)
Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line (to July 1, 1867)
Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
Russia – Russian Empire- Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
Ryukyu – Kingdom of Ryūkyū
S
[edit]- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
→ 
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17, 1861)
Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg (to July 1, 1867)
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (to July 1, 1867)
Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg- Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (to July 1, 1867)
Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony (to July 1, 1867)- Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig (to 1866)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (to July 1, 1867)
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (to July 1, 1867)
Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
Serbia – Principality of Serbia
Siam – Kingdom of Siam- Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
Spain – Kingdom of Spain
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
T
[edit]
Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti- Tonga
- Tu'i Tonga (to 1865)
- Kingdom of Tonga (from 1865)
Toro – Toro Kingdom- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
Transvaal – South African Republic
→ 
Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12, 1861)
U
[edit]- United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
United States – United States of America
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
V
[edit]
→ 
Venezuela
- Republic of Venezuela (to 1864)
- United States of Venezuela (from 1864)
W
[edit]
Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont (to July 1, 1867)- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg
Y
[edit]Z
[edit]
Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6, 1861)- Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus
Non-sovereign territories
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]
Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope
States claiming sovereignty
[edit]
Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)[7][8][9][10]
Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860)- Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
- Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
→ 
Confederate States – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
Couto Misto (to June 23, 1868)
Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)- Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)- Goust – Republic of Goust
Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)[11][12][13][14]- Manitobah – Republic of Manitobah (from June 1867 to 1868)
Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (from January 22, 1863 to June 18, 1864)
→ 
South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)[15][16][17][18][19]- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)
References
[edit]- ^ Jansen, Marius; Hall, John Whitney; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis (1989). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22352-0.
One can date the 'restoration' of imperial rule from the edict of January 3, 1868.
- ^ Mathews, George D. (December 31, 1884). Alliance of the Reformed Churches Holding the Presbyterian System: Minutes and Proceedings of the Third General Council : Belfast 1884. Assembly's office – via Google Books.
Republic of Orange Free State
- ^ Kerr, Robert Pollok (December 31, 1888). The People's History of Presbyterianism in All Ages. Presbyterian Committee of Publication – via Google Books.
- ^ Churches, World alliance of reformed (December 31, 1884). Report of proceedings [afterw.] Minutes and proceedings [afterw.] Proceedings of the first (-fifteenth) General Presbyterian council [afterw.] general council of the Presbyterian alliance [afterw.] Alliance of the reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian system – via Google Books.
Republic of Orange Free State
- ^ Royal Blue Book: Fashionable Directory and Parliamentary Guide. December 31, 1899 – via Google Books.
Republic of Orange Free State
- ^ The Gospel in All Lands. proprietor. December 31, 1895 – via Google Books.
Republic of Orange Free State
- ^ Smith, William Russell (1861). The History and Debates of the Convention of the People of Alabama, Begun and Held in the City of Montgomery, on the Seventh Day of January 1861: In which is Preserved the Speeches of the Secret Sessions and Many Valuable State Papers. White, Pfister & Company – via Google Books.
Republic of Alabama
- ^ Virginia (1861). Annual Reports of Officers, Boards and Institutions of the Commonwealth of Virginia – via Google Books.
Republic of Alabama
- ^ Journal of the House of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky... State Journal Company. 1861 – via Google Books.
Republic of Alabama
- ^ Congress, United States (1858). The Congressional Globe. Blair & Rives – via Google Books.
Republic of Alabama
- ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1864 – via Google Books.
Republic of Louisiana
- ^ Congress, United States (1859). Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, from 1789 to 1856. D. Appleton – via Google Books.
Republic of Louisiana
- ^ Lossing, Benson John (1866). Origins of rebellion to the Battle of Bull's Run. G. W. Childs – via Google Books.
Republic of Louisiana
- ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. 1864 – via Google Books.
Republic of Louisiana
- ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. D. Appleton and Company. 1868 – via Google Books.
Republic of South Carolina
- ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1870 – via Google Books.
Republic of South Carolina
- ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1864 – via Google Books.
Republic of South Carolina
- ^ The American Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events ...: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1863 – via Google Books.
Republic of South Carolina
- ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs: Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton & Company. 1870 – via Google Books.
Republic of South Carolina