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Grade I listed war memorials in England

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There are 20 Grade I listed war memorials in England, out of over 3,000 listed war memorials. In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or structure of special historical or architectural importance; listing offers the building legal protection against demolition or modification, which requires permission from the local planning authority. Listed buildings are divided into three categories—grade I, grade II*, and grade II—which reflect the relative significance of the structure and may be a factor in planning decisions. Grade II accounts for 92% of listed buildings, while grade II* is an intermediate grade accounting for 5.5%; grade I holds the remaining 2.5% of listed buildings and is reserved for structures of exceptional significance. Grade I listed war memorials are deliberately very few, though several have been upgraded to grade I status as part of commemorations around the First World War centenary. A war memorial listed at grade I will be of exceptional interest for its design and artistic merit and will be of great historical interest.[1][2] Such memorials are often the work of famous architects or sculptors, amongst the most prolific of whom was Sir Edwin Lutyens, whose memorials account for a third of all those listed at grade I.[3] Lutyens designed dozens of war memorials across the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Commonwealth, including the Cenotaph in London—the focus for the national Remembrance Sunday services—and the Arch of Remembrance in Leicester—the largest of Lutyens' war memorials in Britain; both are listed at grade I.[1][4] As part of the commemorations of the centenary of the First World War, Historic England—the government body responsible for listing in England—is running a project with the aim of significantly increasing the number of war memorials on the National Heritage List for England.[5]

This list includes only memorials that are grade I listed buildings in their own right. Memorials which are not free-standing—such as a plaque on a church wall—or which form part of the curtilage of a listed building—such as a sculpture within a building—but do not have their own entry on the National Heritage List for England are not included. For example, this list does not include the grade I listed Hall of Memory, Birmingham or Winchester College War Cloister.

War memorials in England take a wide variety of forms and commemorate centuries of conflicts, though memorials to conflicts and the soldiers who fought in them—rather than exclusively commemorating victorious commanders—only started to be commonplace after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. The aftermath of the First World War (1914–1918) produced significantly more memorials than any other single conflict; thus this list is dominated by First World War memorials, many of which were later re-dedicated or added to reflect losses from the Second World War (1939–1945). Unusually, Southampton Cenotaph was rededicated to the dead from multiple conflicts later in the 20th century.[6]

Memorials

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Name ID Image Location Conflict Architect or sculptor Type Inauguration date Listing date
Port Sunlight War Memorial 1343491 Port Sunlight, Merseyside First and Second World Wars[a] Sir William Goscombe John Sculptures and cross 1921 20 December 1965
Rochdale Cenotaph 1084274 Rochdale, Greater Manchester First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Edwin Lutyens Cenotaph 1921 12 February 1985
The Arch of Remembrance 1074786 Leicester, Leicestershire First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Edwin Lutyens Memorial arch 1925 23 February 1955
Liverpool Cenotaph 1073463 Liverpool, Merseyside First and Second World Wars[a] Lionel Bailey Budden, Herbert Tyson Smith, sculptor Cenotaph 1930 28 June 1952
Southampton Cenotaph 1340007 Southampton, Hampshire First and Second World Wars, Malayan Emergency, Korean War, Mau Mau Uprising[b] Sir Edwin Lutyens Cenotaph 1920 8 October 1981
The Cenotaph 1357354 City of Westminster, London First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Edwin Lutyens Cenotaph 1920 5 February 1970
The Mercantile Marine First World War Memorial 1260087 London Borough of Tower Hamlets First World War[c] Sir Edwin Lutyens Miscellaneous 1928 27 September 1973
Royal Artillery Memorial 1231613 City of Westminster, London First and Second World Wars[a] Lionel Pearson Sculpture 1926 14 January 1970
Guards Memorial 1231315 City of Westminster, London First and Second World Wars[a] H. Chalton Bradshaw Cenotaph with sculptures 1926 14 January 1970
Spalding War Memorial 1064002 Spalding, Lincolnshire First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Edwin Lutyens Miscellaneous 1922 20 November 1975
"The Response" 1186201 Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear First World War Sir William Goscombe John Sculpture 1923 17 December 1971
Northampton War Memorial 1191327 Northampton, Northamptonshire First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Edwin Lutyens Obelisk pair and Stone of Remembrance 1926 22 January 1976
Chatham Naval Memorial 1267787 Chatham, Kent First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Robert Lorimer Obelisk 1924 5 December 1996
Plymouth Naval Memorial 1386464 Plymouth, Devon First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Robert Lorimer Obelisk 1924 1 May 1975
Portsmouth Naval Memorial 1386975 Portsmouth, Hampshire First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Robert Lorimer Obelisk 1924 25 September 1972
Preston Cenotaph 1218458 Preston, Lancashire First and Second World Wars[a] Sir Giles Gilbert Scott Cenotaph 1926 20 December 1991
Wagoners' Memorial 1161354 Sledmere, East Riding of Yorkshire First World War Alfred Barr Column 1920 20 September 1966
Edith Cavell Memorial 1264768 St. Martin's Place, London, WC2 First World War Sir George Frampton Pylon with statue 1920 5 February 1970
Eleanor Cross, Sledmere 1083806 Sledmere, East Riding of Yorkshire First World War Temple Moore Cross 1920 20 September 1966
Statue of Captain Albert Ball, Nottingham Castle 1246929 Nottingham Castle Gardens, Nottingham First World War Edwin Alfred Rickards and Henry Poole Statue 1921 12 July 1972

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grade I listed war memorials.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m These memorials were built to commemorate the First World War, but were later modified to include the Second World War.
  2. ^ Southampton Cenotaph was built to commemorate the First World War and was later rededicated to include later conflicts.
  3. ^ A memorial to the Second World War was constructed immediately behind the Mercantile Marine memorial; the two memorials are together known as the Tower Hill Memorial.

References

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  • Corke, Jim (2005). War Memorials in Britain. Oxford: Shire Library. ISBN 9780747806264.
  • Skelton, Tim; Gliddon, Gerald (2008). Lutyens and the Great War. London: Frances Lincoln Publishers. ISBN 9780711228788.
  1. ^ a b "The Listing and Grading of War Memorials". Historic England. July 2015. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  2. ^ "Listed Buildings". Historic England. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  3. ^ "National Collection of Lutyens' War Memorials Listed". Historic England. 7 November 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  4. ^ Skelton, pp. 65–67.
  5. ^ "The War Memorials Listing Project". Historic England. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  6. ^ Corke, pp. 4–9.
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