Hamilton Mausoleum
 Hamilton Mausoleum | |
 | |
| Location | Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland |
|---|---|
| Designer | David Hamilton David Bryce |
| Material | sandstone, marble, bronze |
| Height | 37.6 m (123 ft) |
| Beginning date | 1842 |
| Completion date | 1858 |
The Hamilton Mausoleum is a mausoleum located in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.[1] It was the resting place of the family of the Dukes of Hamilton.[2] The mausoleum is Category A listed.[1] Built in the grounds of the now-demolished Hamilton Palace, its high stone vault holds the record for the longest echo within any man-made structure in the world, taking 15 seconds for the sound of a slammed door to fade.[3] In 2014 the record was thought to have been broken at the Inchindown oil storage tanks in the Scottish Highlands, however this was classed as a reverberation, rather than an echo.[4]
Construction
[edit]In line with his grandiose enlargement of Hamilton Palace, Alexander, 10th Duke of Hamilton, replaced his family burial vault which stood close to the east quarter of the palace in the aisle of the old and dilapidated collegiate church. Now the solitary remaining testament to the colossal scale and grandeur of the buildings which once stood in Hamilton Low Parks, Hamilton Palace Mausoleum is a Roman-style domed structure of panelled masonry. Standing to an overall height of about 123 feet (37 m), it occupies a site some 650 feet (200 m) north of the site of Hamilton Palace. Construction was begun in 1840 by architect David Hamilton and completed by architects David Bryce and sculptor Alexander Handyside Ritchie in 1858, five years after the death of the 10th Duke.[1][5] The eastern end includes a grand set of stairs flanked by two lions (one asleep and one awake).[6]
The Duke was interred in an Egyptian sarcophagus of the Ptolemaic period, on a black marble slab in the main chapel,[3] while 17 of his ancestors were interred in the crypt below.[7] By the 1920s subsidence and flooding from the River Clyde affected the mausoleum. In April 1921, with the consent of the Marchioness of Graham and Lady Mary Victoria Douglas-Hamilton, the trustees of the 12th Duke of Hamilton petitioned Hamilton Sheriff Court for permission to remove the remains of the 17 members of the House of Hamilton buried in Hamilton Mausoleum, and have them re-buried in ground they had purchased in Hamilton's Bent Cemetery. The remains of the 11th and 12th dukes were re-buried on the Isle of Arran, while the others were re-buried in Hamilton's Bent Cemetery in 1921.[3]
Later history
[edit]During the 1960s and 1970s the structure was observed to be subsiding, and a 20-foot (6-metre) plumb-line hanging on the front of the mausoleum indicated a lean from true verticality. The monolithic, plinth-based construction prevented structural cracking however, and, after many anxious years, the building settled back to near vertical (180 degrees).
Inside the mausoleum are displayed the original bronze entrance doors, based on the Florence Baptistery doors of Lorenzo Ghiberti. The interior has one of the longest-lasting echoes in the world, a phenomenon dramatically demonstrated to visitors by slamming the entrance doors. Another curiosity of the interior architecture is the "Whispering Wa's" or walls. Two people can stand at either end of one of the curved interior walls, facing away from each other into the niche of the wall, and hold a whispered conversation. The remarkable acoustics of the walls project the sound to the listener at the other side.
In the early 21st century, the mausoleum had begun to deteriorate and a charitable trust was formed to preserve it (along with the adjacent keepers lodge).[8] In May 2021, charitable donations enabled almost £500,000 of restoration work to be carried out on the mausoleum.[9]
People originally buried in Hamilton Mausoleum
[edit]
- James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton, in 1852
- John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Hamilton, in 1852
- James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, in 1852
- James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- Lord William Hamilton, in 1852
- James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- James Hamilton, 7th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- Harriet Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton, in 1852
- Douglas Hamilton, 8th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852
- Lord Archibald Hamilton, in 1852
- Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton, on 4 September 1852
- Susan Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton, on 9 June 1859
- William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton, on 23 July 1863
- Charles George Hamilton, 7th Earl of Selkirk, in 1886
- William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, on 31 May 1895
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Historic Environment Scotland. "Hamilton Mausoleum (Category A Listed Building) (LB34518)". Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ Hamilton's royal past, South Lanarkshire Council
- ^ a b c "Hamilton Mausoleum". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- ^ Cox, T., 2014. Sonic wonderland: A scientific odyssey of sound. Random House.
- ^ Hamilton Mausoleum Chatelerhaut Country Park and Hamilton Mausoleum. Accessed 27 January 2010
- ^ Happer, Richard (2014). River Clyde. From Source to Sea. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445643274.
- ^ RCAHMS reconstruction of Hamilton Palace
- ^ "Saving Hamilton Mausoleum and the Keepers House". HM Trust. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ "Work gets underway to repair iconic Lanarkshire landmark". Daily Record. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
External links
[edit]- Buildings and structures in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
- Mausoleums in Scotland
- Dukes of Hamilton
- Tourist attractions in South Lanarkshire
- Monuments and memorials in Scotland
- Burials in South Lanarkshire
- Buildings and structures completed in 1858
- 1842 establishments in Scotland
- Burial sites of the House of Douglas and Angus
- Category A listed buildings in South Lanarkshire