Andrew Schally
Andrew Schally | |
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Born | Andrzej Viktor Schally 30 November 1926 |
Nationality | Polish[1][2] Canadian American[3] |
Education | McGill University |
Medical career | |
Profession | Medicine |
Institutions | |
Sub-specialties | Endocrinology |
Awards |
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Andrzej Viktor "Andrew" Schally (born 30 November 1926) is an American endocrinologist[1] of Polish[1][2][4] ancestry, who was a corecipient, with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[2] This award recognized his research in the discovery that the hypothalamus controls hormone production and release by the pituitary gland, which controls the regulation of other hormones in the body.[5] Later in life, Schally utilized his knowledge of hypothalamic hormones to research possible methods for birth control and cancer treatment.
Life and career[edit]
Andrzej Wiktor Schally[6] was born in Wilno in the Second Polish Republic[1][2][4] (now Vilnius, Lithuania), the son of Brigadier General Kazimierz Schally, who was chief of the cabinet of President Ignacy Mościcki of Poland, and Maria (née Łącka).
In September 1939, when Poland was attacked by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, Schally escaped with Poland's President Ignacy Mościcki, the prime minister and the whole cabinet to the neutral Romania, where they were interned [citation needed].
I was fortunate to survive the holocaust while living among the Jewish-Polish Community in Roumania. I used to speak Polish, Roumanian, Yiddish, Italian and some German and Russian, but I have almost completely forgotten them, and my French in which I used to excel is also now far from fluent.[2]
Immediately after the war, in 1945, Schally moved via Italy and France to the United Kingdom[2] where he changed his first name to Andrew.[6] Schally received his education in Scotland and England.[2] In 1952, he moved to Canada. He received his doctorate in endocrinology from McGill University in 1957.[2] That same year he left for a research career in the United States where he has worked principally at Tulane University.[2] Schally currently conducts research in endocrinology at the Miami Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Miami, Florida.[citation needed] A Canadian citizen when he left Canada, Schally became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1962.[2] He was affiliated with the Baylor College of Medicine for some years in Houston, Texas.[2]
Schally developed a new realm of knowledge concerning the brain's control over the body chemistry. Schally explained in his 1977 Nobel Lecture that he, alongside his researchers, dissected 250,000 pig hypothalami in order to isolate 5 mg of the hormone thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to determine the molecular structure of the hormone.[7] His work also addressed birth control methods and the effects of growth hormones on the body. Together with Roger Guillemin he described the neurohormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that controls follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), two hormones that are integral parts of reproduction and growth and development.
Schally received an honoris causa doctors degree from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
Recognized as a Fellow of the Kosciuszko Foundation of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry.[8]
Schally was married to Margaret Rachel White (divorced), and Ana Maria de Medeiros-Comaru.[4]
Cancer research[edit]
In 1981 it was demonstrated that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonistic analogs that Schally had developed between the years of 1972-1978 inhibited the growth of prostate cancer in rats. Alongside Dr. George Tolis, Schally conducted the first clinical trial of GnRH for patients with advanced prostate cancer in 1982. This method is now the preferred treatment for advanced prostate carcinoma. About 70% of patients with prostate cancer receive an agonist as their primary method of treatment.[7] According to Schally, his treatment causes fewer side effects than radiation and chemotherapy.[7] The previous method of treatment, orchiectomy or the administration of estrogens, was based on the research of Charles Brenton Huggins.
In 2004, after the death of his wife due to thyroid cancer, Schally found comfort in continuing his research.[7]
Awards and honors[edit]
- Van Meter Award of the American Thyroid Association (1969)[9]
- Albert Lasker Award (1975)
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1977)
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1978)[10]
References[edit]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Andrew V. Schally, "Andrew V. Schally", Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Andrew V. Schally - Autobiography". www.nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 2006-08-14.
- ^ Bernard S. Schlessinger, June H. Schlessinger. The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901-1995. Onyx Press. 1996. p. 372.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Andrew V. Schally Biography (1926-)".
- ^ "Nobel laureate not one to rest on his laurels".
- ^ Jump up to: a b Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm. Love for Family, Friends, and Books. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. p. 246. ISBN 9780761865698
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Schally, Andrew (December 8, 1977). "ASPECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC REGULATION OF THE PITUITARY GLAND WITH MAJOR EMPHASIS ON ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES" (PDF). The Nobel Prize. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry". Archived from the original on 2018-05-09. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ^ "Van Meter Award". American Thyroid Association. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- Aleksandra Ziółkowska, Korzenie są polskie (The Roots Are Polish), Warsaw, 1992, ISBN 83-7066-406-7.
- Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, The Roots Are Polish, Toronto, 2004, ISBN 0-920517-05-6.
- Nicholas Wade, The Nobel Duel, Garden City, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1981.
External links[edit]
- Andrew Schally on Nobelprize.org
- 1926 births
- Living people
- American endocrinologists
- American Nobel laureates
- Baylor College of Medicine physicians and researchers
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
- Naturalized citizens of the United States
- Polish emigrants to the United States
- Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
- Tulane University faculty
- Scientists from Vilnius
- Baylor College of Medicine faculty