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2014 Indonesian presidential election

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2014 Indonesian presidential election
← 2009 9 July 2014 2019 →
Registered193,944,150 (Increase 9.97%)
Turnout69.58% (Decrease 2.99pp)
 
Candidate Joko Widodo Prabowo Subianto
Party PDI-P Gerindra
Alliance Great Indonesia[a] Red-White[b]
Running mate Jusuf Kalla Hatta Rajasa
Popular vote 70,997,833 62,576,444
Percentage 53.15% 46.85%
President before election

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Demokrat

Elected President

Joko Widodo
PDI-P

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Indonesia
National government
Pancasila (national philosophy)
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
  • Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
Political parties
Foreign relations

Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 9 July 2014,[1] with former general Prabowo Subianto contesting the elections against the governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo; incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office.[2][3] On 22 July the General Elections Commission (KPU) announced Joko Widodo's victory. He and his vice president, Jusuf Kalla, were sworn-in on 20 October 2014, for a five-year term.[4]

According to the 2008 election law, only parties or coalitions controlling 20% of DPR seats or winning 25% of the popular votes in the 2014 parliamentary elections are eligible to nominate a candidate. This law was challenged in the Constitutional Court,[5] but in late January 2014, the court ruled that the requirement would stand for this election.[6] No party exceeded the threshold in the 2014 legislative elections; therefore, two coalitions were formed.

Electoral system

[edit]

Arrangements for the conduct of elections in Indonesia are carried out under the supervision of the KPU.[7] The presidential elections in 2014 were carried out under the 2008 election law (Undang-undang, or UU) No. 42 on the election of a president and vice president.[8]

Arrangements for nominations An important requirement, set out in Law No. 42 of 2008 (Clause 9), is that nominations of candidates for the presidential election may only be made by a party (or coalition of parties) which has at least 20% of the seats in the national parliament (the DPR, or the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) or which received 25% of national votes in the previous national legislative election for the DPR. In practice, these conditions set a rather high bar for nomination. The likelihood is that only candidates supported by one of the major parties, perhaps with some support from several of the minor parties, will be able to meet the conditions for nomination. Among other things, the effect of this requirement is likely to be a strict limit on the number of candidates who will be able to stand for the presidency.

Indonesia worked towards implementing e-voting the 2014 general elections[9] using electronic identity cards (e-KTP), which had been tested in six districts/cities, namely Padang, West Sumatra; Denpasar, Bali; Jembrana, Bali; Yogyakarta, Java; Cilegon, West Java; and Makassar, (South Sulawesi).[10]

However, the system was not ready for the election. Therefore, voters still voted on paper by punching a hole in one of the two candidates' photograph, number, or name. The ballots were then collected and counted at the village level, then city/regency level, province level, and finally the national level.

Political parties

[edit]

Candidates for president are nominated as individuals (along with a vice-presidential running partner); however, support from the main political parties is likely to play a crucial role in influencing the result. Partly for this reason, the highly changeable map of political parties in Indonesia contributes to the uncertainty of political trends in the run-up to the presidential election. In recent years, the number of political parties contesting major elections (for both national and regional parliaments and the presidential elections) has varied considerably.

  • In 2004, 24 parties contested the national elections and 16 secured enough seats to be represented in the national parliament.
  • In 2009, 38 parties contested the national elections and nine secured enough seats to be represented in the national parliament.
  • In 2014, 12 parties contested the national legislative elections on 9 April, and three more were authorised to run candidates in Aceh. (Brief details of the parties are listed at the relevant page on the website of the KPU.)[11] It is expected that candidates for president who hope to mount an effective campaign will need to secure the support of at least one of the major parties as well as several other smaller parties. Details of the twelve main national parties who qualified to mount nationwide political campaigns are as follows:

Summary of registered parties support

[edit]
  No seats in parliament (did not pass the threshold in the 2014 legislative election)
Known as Party English name Supporting DPR seats DPR seats % Legislative votes %
Gerindra Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya Gerindra Party Nominee: Prabowo Subianto (Gerindra)
Running mate: Hatta Rajasa (PAN)		 Majority coalition:
Gerindra/Golkar/PPP/PKS/PAN/Demokrat
353 / 560
 63.04% 59.12%
Golkar Partai Golongan Karya Golkar
PPP Partai Persatuan Pembangunan United Development Party
PKS Partai Keadilan Sejahtera Prosperous Justice Party
PAN Partai Amanat Nasional National Mandate Party
PBB Partai Bulan Bintang Crescent Star Party
PD Partai Demokrat Democratic Party*
PDI-P Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Nominee: Joko Widodo[12] (PDI-P)
Running mate: Jusuf Kalla (Golkar)		 Minority coalition:
PDI-P/Hanura/NasDem/PKB
207 / 560
 36.96% 40.88%
Hanura Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat People's Conscience Party
NasDem Partai NasDem NasDem Party
PKB Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa National Awakening Party
PKPI Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia Indonesian Justice and Unity Party
  • Parties that are in light grey shows that they do not pass the 2014 Parliamentary Threshold of 2.5% of the national legislative vote. They were also initially barred participation in the next election for the same reason.
  • The leader of Democratic Party and sitting President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was officially neutral in the election.[13]

Candidates

[edit]

Nominees

[edit]

Previously considered potential

[edit]

Before the national legislative elections on 9 April 2014, the following candidates had declared their intention to run for president. Following the legislative elections, these candidates were unable to reach the threshold.

Party Candidate Details
Golkar Aburizal Bakrie Chairman of the Golkar party.[14] Formerly, there had been discontent in some quarters within the party about Bakrie's candidature. There had been some talk of a possible move to reconsider the decision to nominate him.[15] However, Golkar appears united behind him as the official candidate, although some members (especially in Eastern Indonesian region) defect to support Jusuf Kalla
Hanura Wiranto Former Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces, 2004 presidential nominee, and 2009 vice-presidential nominee[16]
Crescent Star Party Yusril Ihza Mahendra Former chairman of the Crescent Star Party (PBB). A top lawyer and a specialist in government laws of Indonesia.[17]
United Development Party Suryadharma Ali Chairman of the United Development Party (PPP). Recently been announced official suspect by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) on the case of Umroh budget corruption.

Polling

[edit]

NOTE: The quality of polling in Indonesia varies considerably. Furthermore, some of the polling institutions provide little information about their polling methods. The data set out below should therefore be treated with care.

Polls conducted before nominations
Pollster Date Highlights
Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate (SSS) 3–8 October 2011 Prabowo Subianto 28%, Mahfud MD 10.6%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 7.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 6.8%, Said Akil Siradj 6%, Muhammad Sirajuddin Syamsuddin 5.2%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 4.2%, Jusuf Kalla 4.0%, Djoko Suyanto 3.2%, Hatta Rajasa 2.8%, Surya Paloh 2.5%.
Jaringan Suara Indonesia (JSI)[permanent dead link] 10–15 October 2011 Megawati Soekarnoputri 19.6%, Prabowo Subianto 10.8%, Aburizal Bakrie 8.9%, Wiranto 7.3%, Hamengkubuwono X 6.5%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 3.8%, Surya Paloh 2.3%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 2.0%, Kristiani Herawati 1.6%, Hatta Rajasa 1.6%, Anas Urbaningrum 1.5%, Sutanto 0.2%, Djoko Suyanto 0.2%.
Reform Institute October 2011 Aburizal Bakrie 13.58%, Prabowo Subianto 8.46%, Jusuf Kalla 7.06%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 5.17%, Kristiani Herawati 4.13%.
Center for Policy Studies and Strategic Development (Puskaptis) 22 January – 2 February 2012 Prabowo Subianto 16.4%, Hatta Rajasa 14.6%, Aburizal Bakrie 13.5%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 13%, Akbar Tandjung 12.7%.
Indonesian Survey Institute (LSI) Archived 27 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine 1–12 February 2012 Megawati Soekarnoputri 22.2%, Prabowo Subianto 16.8%, Aburizal Bakrie 10.9%, Wiranto 10.6%, Hatta Rajasa 5.4%, other names 10.3%, undecided voters 23.8%.
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) March 2012 Prabowo Subianto 20.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 18.0%, Hamengkubuwono X 11.0%, Hatta Rajasa 6%, Kristiani Herawati 6%, Surya Paloh 5%, Mahfud MD 3%, Dahlan Iskan 2% Djoko Suyanto 1%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1%, undecided voters 23%.
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) April 2012 Aburizal Bakrie 22.0%, Prabowo Subianto 20.0%, Hamengkubuwono X11.0% Hatta Rajasa 6%, Dahlan Iskan 5%, Kristiani Herawati 4%, Surya Paloh 3%, Mahfud MD 3%, Djoko Suyanto 2%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1%, undecided voters 20%
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) May 2012 Prabowo Subianto 20.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 18.0% Hamengkubuwono X 9.0%, Dahlan Iskan 8%, Hatta Rajasa 6% Kristiani Herawati 4%, Mahfud MD 3%, Surya Paloh 2% Djoko Suyanto 1%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1%, undecided voters 23%
Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate (SSS) 14–24 May 2012 Prabowo Subianto 25.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 22.4%, Jusuf Kalla 14.9%, Aburizal Bakrie 10.6%, Surya Paloh 5.3%, Wiranto 4.6%, Hamengkubuwono X 3.7%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 2.1%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 1.8%, Kristiani Herawati 1.8%, Akbar Tanjung 1.3%, Djoko Suyanto 1.0%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.9%.
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) June 2012 Prabowo Subianto 21.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.0%, Kristiani Herawati 10%, Hamengkubuwono X 9.0%, Dahlan Iskan 7%, Mahfud MD 5%, Hatta Rajasa 4%, Surya Paloh 3% Djoko Suyanto 1%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1%, undecided voters 20%
Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI) 2–11 June 2012 Megawati Soekarnoputri 18.3%, Prabowo Subianto 18.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.5%, Hatta Rajasa 6.8%, Kristiani Herawati 6.5%.
National Survey Institute 10–20 June 2012 Megawati Soekarnoputri 18.0%, Prabowo Subianto 17.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.1%, Wiranto 10.2%, Mahfud MD 7.3%.
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) July 2012 Prabowo Subianto 20.1%, Aburizal Bakrie 19.4%, Hamengkubuwono X 8.6%, Kristiani Herawati 6.8%, Hatta Rajasa 6.4%, Dahlan Iskan 5.6%, Mahfud MD 3.6%, Surya Paloh 3% Djoko Suyanto 1.5%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.9%, undecided voters 20.3%
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) August 2012 Prabowo Subianto 20.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.0%, Dahlan Iskan 9.0%, Hamengkubuwono X 9.0%, Kristiani Herawati 9.0%,
United Data Centre 3–18 January 2013 Joko Widodo 21.2%, Prabowo Subianto 17.1%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 11.5%, Rhoma Irama 10.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 9.4%, Jusuf Kalla 7.1%
Asia Pacific Association of Political Consultant (APAPC) February 2013 Prabowo Subianto 17.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.0%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 11.0%, Jusuf Kalla 9.0%, Dahlan Iskan 7.0% Hamengkubuwono X 5.0%, Kristiani Herawati 5.0%, Hatta Rajasa 5.0%, Mahfud MD 4.0%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 2.0%, Djoko Suyanto 1.0%, Gita Wirjawan 1.0%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1.0%, Surya Paloh 1.0% undecided voters 12.0%
Jakarta Survey Institute 9–15 February 2013 Joko Widodo 18.1%, Prabowo Subianto 10.9%, Wiranto 9.8%, Jusuf Kalla 8.9%, Aburizal Bakrie 8.7%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 7.2%, Mahfud MD 5.4%, Dahlan Iskan 3.6%, Hatta Rajasa 2.9%, Surya Paloh 2.5%, Rhoma Irama 1.7%, Muhaimin Iskandar 1.1% other names 0.8%
Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI) 1–8 March 2013 Megawati Soekarnoputri 20.7%, Aburizal Bakrie 20.3% Prabowo Subianto 19.2%, Wiranto 8.2%, Hatta Rajasa 6.4%, Kristiani Herawati 2.4%, Surya Paloh 2.1% Suryadharma Ali 1.9%, Anis Matta 1.1%, Muhaimin Iskandar 1.6%,
Indonesia Network Election Survey (INES) 18–30 March 2013 Prabowo Subianto 39.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 17.2%, Hatta Rajasa 14.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 10.3%, Kristiani Herawati 5.1%, Jusuf Kalla 4.2%, Wiranto 3.3%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 3.3%, Djoko Suyanto 1%, Surya Paloh 0.7%, Sutiyoso 0.7%
Political Climatology Institute 20–30 March 2013 Prabowo Subianto 19.8%, Wiranto 15.4%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 13.3%, Kristiani Herawati 4.8%, Hatta Rajasa 3.9%, Surya Paloh 3.8%, Sutiyoso 2.7%, Yusril Ihza Mahendra 2.5%, Muhaimin Iskandar 1.8%, Anis Matta 1.3%, Suryadaharma Ali 1.1%, undecided voters 11.4%
Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) 9–16 April 2013 Joko Widodo 28.6%, Prabowo Subianto 15.6%, Aburizal Bakrie 7%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 5.4%, Jusuf Kalla 3.7%, Mahfud MD 2.4%, Hatta Rajasa 2.2% undecided voters 28.0%
Indonesian Institute of Sciences 10–31 May 2013 Joko Widodo 22.6%, Prabowo Subianto 14.2%, Aburizal Bakrie 9.4%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 9.3%, Jusuf Kalla 4.2%, Rhoma Irama 3.5%, Wiranto 3.4%, Mahfud MD 1.9%, Hatta Rajasa 1.2%, Hamengkubuwono X 1.2%, Surya Paloh 1.2%
Indonesian Research Centre May 2013 Joko Widodo 24.8%, Prabowo Subianto 14.8%, Aburizal Bakrie 7.9%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 5.5%, Wiranto 3.9%, Mahfud MD 3.7%, Dahlan Iskan 3.5%, Rhoma Irama 2.7%, Hary Tanoesodibjo 2.3%, Kristiani Herawati 2%
United Data Center 8–11 June 2013 Joko Widodo 29.57%, Prabowo Subianto 19.83%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 13.08%, Aburizal Bakrie 11.62% Jusuf Kalla 5.47%, Wiranto 3.59%, Mahfud MD 1.2%, Hatta Rajasa 1.2%, Dahlan Iskan 1.11%, Chairul Tanjung 0.43%, Marzuki Alie 0.26%, Djoko Suyanto 0.09%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.09%
Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate 3–22 July 2013 Joko Widodo 25.48%, Prabowo Subianto 10.52%, Jusuf Kalla 5.69%, Aburizal Bakrie 4.23%, Dahlan Iskan 4.18%, Mahfud MD 2.72, Megawati Soekarnoputri 2.68%. Wiranto 1.18%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 1.02%, Hatta Rajasa 0.81%, Chairul Tanjung 0.53%, Surya Paloh 0.33%, Hamengkubuwono X 0.33%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 0.2%, Kristiani Herawati 0.2%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.12%
Indonesian Research Centre 8–11 July 2013 Joko Widodo 32.0%, Prabowo Subianto 8.2%, Wiranto 6.7%, Dahlan Iskan 6.3%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 6.1%, Jusuf Kalla 3.7%, Aburizal Bakrie 3.3%, Mahfud MD 2.8%,
Kompas July 2013 Joko Widodo 32.5%, Prabowo Subianto 15.1%, Aburizal Bakrie 8.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 8.0%, Jusuf Kalla 4.5%, other names 18.2%, undecided 12.9%
Political Climatology Institute Archived 23 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine 12–18 August 2013 Joko Widodo 19.6%, Wiranto 18.5%, Prabowo Subianto 15.4%, Jusuf Kalla 7.6%, Aburizal Bakrie 7.3%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 6.1%, Dahlan Iskan 3.4%, Rhoma Irama 3.4%, Mahfud MD 3.3%, Hatta Rajasa 2.5%, Surya Paloh 2.4%, other names 1.3%, undecided 9.1%
Alvara Research Centre 15–23 August 2013 Joko Widodo 22.1%,Prabowo Subianto 17.0%, Jusuf Kalla 7.4%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 7.0%, Dahlan Iskan 6.9%, Aburizal Bakrie 6.2%, Wiranto 4.6%, Mahfud MD 4.0%, Surya Paloh 2.0%, Hatta Rajasa 1.0%, Hamengkubuwono X 0.9%, other names 1.0%, undecided 19.0%
Cyrus Network 23 – 28 August 2013 Joko Widodo 27.1%, Prabowo Subianto 14.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 12.0%, Wiranto 7.5%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 4.9%, Jusuf Kalla 3.2%
Soegeng Sarjadi Syndicate 25 August – 9 September 2013 Joko Widodo 45.8%, Jusuf Kalla 9.0%, Dahlan Iskan 7.5%, Prabowo Subianto 6.8%, Mahfud MD 5.8%, Wiranto 3.6%, Aburizal Bakrie 2.4%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 1.8%, Chairul Tanjung 1.6%, Hatta Rajasa 1.0%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 0.7%, Surya Paloh 0.5%, Hamengkubuwono X 0.5%, Sri Mulyani Indrawati 0.4%, Kristiani Herawati 0.4%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.4%, other names 1.0%, undecided 10.8%
Cyrus Network 12 – 14 September 2013 Joko Widodo 43.7%, Prabowo Subianto 14.0%, Aburizal Bakrie 12.5%, Wiranto 7.3%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 4.9%, Jusuf Kalla 4.6%
United Data Centre 21–24 September 2013 Joko Widodo 36.0%, Prabowo Subianto 6.6%, Dahlan Iskan 5.5%, Wiranto 4.6%, Jusuf Kalla 4.0%
Indonesia Research Centre (IRC) Archived 9 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine 25 September 2013 Joko Widodo 34.5%, Wiranto 10.6%, Aburizal Bakrie 8.1%, Jusuf Kalla 6.2%. Megawati Soekarnoputri 6%, Surya Paloh 3.3%, Rhoma Irama 3.2%, Dahlan Iskan 2.8%, Mahfud MD 2%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 1.5%, Hatta Rajasa 1.3%, Suryadharma Ali 1.2%, Yusril Ihza Mahendra 0.9%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 0.9%, Gita Wirjawan 0.4%, Irman Gusman 0.2%, Other Names 0.4%, undecided 6.9%, secret answer 1%
Pol Tracking Institute 13 September – 11 October 2013 Joko Widodo 37.6%, Prabowo Subianto 11.73%,Aburizal Bakrie 11.67%%, Jusuf Kalla 6.12%. Wiranto 5.78%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 3.31%, Mahfud MD2.17%, Hidayat Nur Wahid 1.5%, Hatta Rajasa 1.33%, Surya Paloh 1.17%, Dahlan Iskan 1.09%, undecided 14.52%
Alvara Research Centre October 2013 Joko Widodo 24.5%, Prabowo Subianto 9.1%, Aburizal Bakrie 7.4%, Wiranto 6.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 6.7%,Jusuf Kalla 4.2%, Dahlan Iskan 2.7%, Rhoma Irama 1.9%, Mahfud MD 1.2%, Surya Paloh 2.0%, Hatta Rajasa 1.1%, other names 3.8%, undecided 30.6%
Roy Morgan Research October 2013 Joko Widodo 37%,Prabowo Subianto 15%, Aburizal Bakrie 14%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 6%, Dahlan Iskan 6%, Jusuf Kalla 5%, Mahfud MD 3%, Hatta Rajasa 2%, other names 12%
Indikator Politik Indonesia 10 – 20 October 2013 Joko Widodo 35.9%, Prabowo Subianto 11.4%, Aburizal Bakrie 11.4%, Wiranto 7.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 5.9%, Jusuf Kalla 3.9%, Mahfud MD 1.2%, Dahlan Iskan 1.0%
Indikator Politik Indonesia – 4 way race 10 – 20 October 2013 Joko Widodo 47.4%, Prabowo Subianto 15.8%, Aburizal Bakrie 12.6%, Dahlan Iskan 3.7%
Charta Politika 28 November – 6 December 2013 Joko Widodo 34.8%, Prabowo Subianto 11.2%, Aburizal Bakrie 8.3%, Jusuf Kalla 5.4%, Wiranto 5.2%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 2.8%,
Kompas 27 November – 11 December 2013 Joko Widodo 43.5%, Prabowo Subianto 11.1%, Aburizal Bakrie 9.2%, Wiranto 6.3%,Megawati Soekarnoputri 6.1%,Jusuf Kalla 3.1%,other names 9.8%, undecided 10.9%
Indo Barometer 4–15 December 2013 Joko Widodo 25.2%, Aburizal Bakrie 10.5%, Prabowo Subianto 9.7%, Wiranto 6.1%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 6%,
Survei dan Polling Indonesia (SPIN) Institute[18] 15 December 2013 – 10 January 2014 Prabowo Subianto 26.5%, Aburizal Bakrie 17.7%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 14.6%, Wiranto 11.8%
Indonesia Network Election Survey (INES)[19] 1–14 February 2014 Prabowo Subianto 40.8%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 19.5%, Aburizal Bakrie 11.3%, Dahlan Iskan 6.9%, Wiranto 6.3%, Joko Widodo 5.6%, Hatta Rajasa 2.4%, Jusuf Kalla 2.2%, Surya Paloh 1.7%, Pramono Edhie Wibowo 1.3%, Ani Yudhoyono 1.1%, Sutiyoso 0.9%
Roy Morgan Research February 2014 Joko Widodo 40%, Prabowo Subianto 17%, Aburizal Bakrie 11%, Wiranto 7%, Jusuf Kalla 5%, Megawati Soekarnoputri 4%, Dahlan Iskan 4%, Mahfud MD 3%, Hatta Rajasa 2%, other names 7%

NOTE: See cautionary note at the top of this table.

Timeline

[edit]

NOTE: The following timeline refers to some dates which refer to the national parliamentary elections due in mid-2014 as well as other events in addition to the presidential election. These dates are noted because events leading up to the national parliamentary elections will, in the minds of voters and party organisers, be closely linked to the presidential election.

Date Event Remarks
Jan 2014 Preparations During January and February the Democrat Party held public meetings in main towns in Indonesia to allow the main candidates for the Democrat Party nomination to test their support.[20]
March Campaigning Nationwide campaigning for the national legislative (parliamentary and assembly) elections
6–8 April Cooling-off period
9 April Legislative elections Simultaneous national elections for the national parliament (DPR, 560 seats), 33 provincial assemblies (DPRD I, 2,137 seats) and 497 district (kabupaten and kota) assemblies (DPRD II, 17,560 seats)
See also: 2014 Indonesian legislative election
9 May Results Results of the legislative elections are required to be announced within 30 days of the polling day.[21]
Early May Nomination The names of all candidates running (jointly) for the positions of president and vice president must be formally logged at the Indonesian Electoral Commission within seven days after the results of the legislative elections are announced (see above).[22]
31 May Announcement The KPU announce the names of the presidential candidates
4 June – 5 July Campaigning Nationwide campaign by presidential candidates
6–8 July Cooling-off period No campaign of any form is allowed
9 July Election Presidential election
10–12 July Recapitulation At the sub-district level
10–14 July Recapitulation For ballots from abroad
13–15 July Recapitulation At the district level
16–17 July Recapitulation At the municipality/regency level
18–19 July Recapitulation At the province level
20–22 July Recapitulation At the national level
22–23 July Results Results of the presidential election are required to be announced within 14 days of the polling day.[21]
20 October Inauguration Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono completes his term and the seventh president is sworn in

Counting and results

[edit]

Following the election on 9 July 2014, Joko Widodo announced his victory based on quick counts of votes from several zones; most of these independent pollsters indicated a Joko Widodo victory (52–53% of votes to Prabowo's 46–48%).[23] Prabowo also claimed victory, citing other polls.[24] As the official count continued, the KPU released scans of the tally (C1) forms from each polling station on its official website, allowing downloads of the official data.[25]

In the lead up to the official announcement of the official results by the KPU, Prabowo pushed for the Commission to delay the announcement by two weeks, allowing his party to investigate claimed manipulations of the voting process. This request was denied.[26] The Prabowo camp also called for a new vote in some zones.[27] However, several Prabowo supporters congratulated Joko Widodo on his election or conceded the election. PAN politician Hanafi Rais, writing three days before the results were announced, sent a press release which stated: "We congratulate Bapak Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla — who will helm the national leadership for the next five years".[28] The same day, Prabowo's campaign manager Mahfud MD returned his mandate to Prabowo, stating that the election was over;[28] he was replaced by Lt. Gen. Yunus Yosfiah on 22 July 2014.[29]

Joko Widodo votes in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election
Joko Widodo votes in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election

Out of fear that inter-party tension could lead to riots such as those which led to the downfall of former president Suharto, the Indonesian government deployed over 250,000 police officers throughout the country. In central Jakarta, hundreds of police were stationed – particularly around the KPU's offices.[30] Following bomb threats against Jakarta City Hall, after the KPU's announcement military officials tightened security around it Commission's headquarters.[31] A group of Prabowo supporters staged a non-violent protest near the offices.[30]

Prabowo's withdrawal

[edit]

On 22 July 2014, the day that the KPU was due to announce its official tally, Prabowo withdrew from the recapitulation process after having insisted on his victory since the initial quick counts were released. He attributed this withdrawal to Indonesia "failing in its duty to democracy" because of "massive cheating that is structured and systematic",[32] and stated that he and Hatta "exercise our constitutional right to reject the presidential election and declare it unconstitutional".[26] His speech, aired live, implied that he would challenge the results in the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi).[32] Later reports indicated confusion over whether Prabowo had resigned from the election or simply rejected the count.[27]

According to Douglas Ramage, Managing Director for Indonesia at BowerGroupAsia,[33] this was the first time since reformasi (the Reformation) began in 1998 that the legitimacy of the election process has been questioned; he declared that the country was entering "uncharted territory".[26] The legality of a Prabowo challenge is questionable, as – if he withdrew – he is no longer considered a presidential candidate.[26] If he can make the challenge, according to The Jakarta Post, the gap between the two candidates is sufficient to make such a challenge difficult.[34] Under the presidential election law, Prabowo could face up to six years in prison and a 100 billion rupiah ($10 million) fine for withdrawing.[26][32]

Following the announcement, the value of the Indonesian rupiah dropped by 0.3%, and the JSX Composite fell by 0.9%.[27] Observers denied Prabowo's allegations of cheating, finding that the elections were "generally fair and free"; Maswadi Rauf of the University of Indonesia stated that there was "no sign of significant fraud", and that Prabowo's withdrawal simply reflected "the real attitudes of the elite, who are not yet ready to accept losing".[35]

Announcement and reaction

[edit]

After Prabowo's withdrawal, his witnesses also left the announcement ceremony. However, the official tally continued; the Commission chief, Husni Kamil Manik, said that they had already fulfilled their obligations by inviting the witnesses.[36] A victory for Joko Widodo was expected,[27] and realised hours later, although the initially planned 4:00 p.m. announcement was delayed for four hours.[36] The KPU gave Joko Widodo a victory of 53.15% of the vote (representing 70.99 million voters), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62.57 million votes).[34] This was the closest vote in the history of free elections in the country; the two previous elections, in 2004 and 2009, had been landslide victories for Yudhoyono.[37]

The Prabowo camp continued to reject the KPU's count, announcing that they trusted the count provided by the PKS, which gave a Prabowo victory, more than the Commission's.[38] Prabowo's camp later stated that it intended to report the KPU to the police for continuing its recapitulation despite calls for a delay and questions of the vote's validity.[39]

After the announcement, Joko Widodo stated that growing up under the authoritarian and corrupt New Order, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president. The New York Times reported him as saying, "now, it's quite similar to America, yes? There is the American dream, and here we have the Indonesian dream.".[40] Joko Widodo was the first Indonesian president to not be from the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave the popular view of the politician "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into politics and run for president".[40]

The Singaporean prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong, posted his congratulations on Twitter minutes after the election, expressing hope that Joko Widodo would work towards improving relations between the two countries.[41] Tony Abbott, Prime Minister of Australia, stated that Joko Widodo's election was a "milestone" for the development of democracy in Indonesia, and stated his hope that the two countries' relations could be reinforced following a decline caused by espionage scandals and human trafficking.[42] US President Barack Obama also congratulated Jokowi and is also willing to improve relations between Indonesia and the US.[43] However, Prabowo asked for world leaders to withhold congratulatory statements to Jokowi.

Appeal

[edit]
A voting ballot just after the official closing of elections at a voting station in Jakarta. The ballot is punched at section 1 (in favour of Prabowo Subianto)

A member of the Prabowo-Hatta campaign team outlined the eight final moves that Prabowo plans to take to overturn the election result. These are:[44]

  1. File a lawsuit over the election result with the Constitutional Court
  2. Report alleged ethical violations by the KPU to the Election Organisers Ethics Council (DKPP).
  3. File a report with the Election Supervisory Committee (Panwaslu).
  4. Report electoral violations to the police.
  5. Making a report to the Ombudsman.
  6. File a report with the State Administrative Court (PTUN) asking for the KPU on the election result to be annulled.
  7. Political manoeuvring within the People's Representative Council (DPR) by establishing a Presidential Election Special Committee to evaluate the performance of the KPU. The manoeuvring was done by parties within Prabowo-Hatta's coalition.
  8. A class action.

Prabowo Subianto took an appeal against the election result to the Constitutional Court of Indonesia, alleging "structured, systematic and massive" violations and that up to 24.1 million votes were "troubled". The first hearing was on 6 August. Hundreds of supporters were present outside the court.[45] On 21 August the court delivered a unanimous 9–0 verdict in favour of rejecting all aspects of the appeal. A spokesperson for Subianto stated that his team did not consider the ruling fair, but they would accept the court's judgement.[46] On the same day, the Election Organizers Ethics Council (DKPP) ruled that there had been some ethical violations. Of the nine local election commissioners dismissed for taking bribes, four of them took money from Prabowo's Gerindra Party.[47]

Official results

[edit]
CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Joko WidodoJusuf KallaIndonesian Democratic Party of Struggle70,997,83353.15
Prabowo SubiantoHatta RajasaGerindra Party62,576,44446.85
Total133,574,277100.00
Valid votes133,574,27798.98
Invalid/blank votes1,379,6901.02
Total votes134,953,967100.00
Registered voters/turnout193,944,15069.58
Source: KPU

National

[edit]
Votes by province[48] Total votes
Prabowo Subianto
Gerindra 		Joko Widodo
PDI-P
Votes % Votes %
Sumatra Aceh 1,089,290 54.93 913,309 45.61 2,002,599
North Sumatra 2,831,514 44.76 3,494,835 55.24 6,326,349
West Sumatra 1,797,505 76.92 539,308 23.09 2,336,813
Riau 1,349,338 50.12 1,342,817 49.88 2,692,155
Jambi 871,316 49.25 897,787 50.75 1,769,103
South Sumatra 2,132,163 51.26 2,027,049 48.74 4,159,212
Bengkulu 433,173 45.27 523,669 54.73 956,842
Lampung 2,033,924 46.93 2,299,889 53.07 4,333,813
Bangka Belitung Islands 200,706 32.74 412,359 67.26 613,065
Riau Islands 332,908 40.37 491,819 59.63 824,727
Java Banten 3,192,671 57.10 2,398,631 42.90 5,591,302
Jakarta 2,528,064 46.92 2,859,894 53.08 5,387,958
West Java 14,167,381 59.78 9,530,315 40.22 23,697,696
Central Java 6,485,720 33.35 12,959,540 66.65 19,445,260
Yogyakarta 977,342 44.19 1,234,249 55.81 2,211,591
East Java 10,277,088 46.83 11,669,313 53.17 21,946,401
Kalimantan West Kalimantan 1,032,354 39.62 1,573,046 60.38 2,605,400
Central Kalimantan 468,277 40.21 696,199 59.79 1,164,476
South Kalimantan 941,809 50.05 939,748 49.95 1,881,557
East Kalimantan[nb 1] 687,734 36.62 1,190,156 63.38 1,877,890
Lesser Sunda Bali 614,241 28.58 1,535,110 71.42 2,149,351
West Nusa Tenggara 1,844,178 72.45 701,238 27.55 2,545,416
East Nusa Tenggara 769,391 34.08 1,488,076 65.92 2,257,467
Sulawesi North Sulawesi 620,095 46.12 724,553 53.81 1,344,648
Gorontalo 378,735 63.10 221,497 36.90 600,232
Central Sulawesi 632,009 45.13 767,151 54.87 1,399,160
Southeast Sulawesi 511,134 45.10 622,217 54.90 1,133,351
West Sulawesi 165,494 26.63 456,021 73.37 621,515
South Sulawesi 1,214,857 28.57 3,037,026 71.43 4,251,883
Maluku Maluku 433,981 49.48 443,040 50.52 877,021
North Maluku 306,792 54.45 256,601 45.55 563,393
Papua Papua 769,132 27.51 2,026,735 72.49 2,795,867
West Papua 172,528 32.37 360,379 67.63 532,907
At-large 62,262,844 46.85 70,633,576 53.15 132,896,420
  1. ^ including North Kalimantan

Overseas

[edit]
Votes by countries[49] Total votes
Prabowo Subianto
Gerindra 		Joko Widodo
PDI-P
Votes % Votes %
Afghanistan Kabul 14 36.84 24 63.16 38
Algeria Algiers 355 51.82 330 48.18 685
Argentina Buenos Aires 44 23.53 143 76.47 187
Australia Canberra, ACT 114 20.11 453 79.89 567
Darwin, NT 108 25.41 317 74.59 425
Melbourne, Vic 778 12.21 5,594 87.79 6,372
Perth, WA 547 15.06 3,084 84.94 3,631
Sydney, NSW 1,505 13.31 9,799 86.69 11,304
At-large 2,652 12.11 19,247 87.89 21,899
Austria Vienna 87 20.23 343 79.77 430
Azerbaijan Baku 23 33.33 46 66.67 69
Bahrain Manama 213 52.46 193 47.54 406
Bangladesh Dhaka 85 45.21 103 54.79 188
Belgium Brussels 156 19.50 644 80.50 800
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 9 34.62 17 65.38 26
Brazil Brasília 30 43.48 39 56.52 69
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 2,825 42.99 3,746 57.01 6,571
Bulgaria Sofia 15 27.78 39 72.22 54
Cambodia Phnom Penh 326 29.05 796 70.95 1,122
Canada Ottawa 70 21.59 270 79.41 340
Toronto 188 13.49 1,206 86.51 122
Vancouver 171 12.46 1,201 87.54 1,372
At-large 429 13.81 2,677 86.19 3,106
Chile Santiago 13 11.93 96 88.07 109
China Beijing 90 10.10 801 89.90 891
Guangzhou 125 9.10 1,248 90.90 1,373
Hong Kong SAR 10,728 25.74 30,956 74.26 41,684
Shanghai 98 11.05 789 88.95 887
At-large (Mainland China) 313 9.93 2,838 90.07 3,151
At-large (Mainland China+SARs) 11,041 24.63 33,794 75.37 44,835
Colombia Bogotá 6 8.45 65 91.55 71
Croatia Zagreb 6 17.14 29 82.86 35
Cuba Havana 10 35.71 18 64.29 28
Czech Republic Prague 32 27.35 85 72.65 117
Denmark Copenhagen 55 15.99 289 84.01 344
East Timor Dili 1,108 25.96 3,160 74.04 4,268
Ecuador Quito 6 18.75 26 81.25 32
Egypt Cairo 1,809 71.81 710 28.19 2,519
Ethiopia Addis Ababa 23 57.50 17 42.50 40
Finland Helsinki 31 11.61 236 88.39 267
Fiji Suva 75 44.91 92 55.09 167
France Marseille 57 20.88 216 79.12 273
Paris 252 19.92 1,013 80.08 1,265
At-large 309 20.09 1,229 79.91 1,538
Germany Berlin 372 29.50 889 70.50 1,261
Frankfurt 709 17.94 3,242 82.06 3,951
Hamburg 331 21.72 1,193 78.28 1,524
At-large 1,412 20.96 5,324 79.04 6,736
Greece Athens 145 28.94 356 71.06 501
Hungary Budapest 18 18.00 82 82.00 100
India Mumbai 210 95.02 11 4.98 221
New Delhi 57 33.33 114 66.67 171
At-large 267 68.11 125 31.89 392
Iran Tehran 34 17.53 160 82.47 194
Iraq Baghdad 167 51.54 157 48.46 324
Italy Rome 153 20.82 582 79.18 735
Japan Osaka 746 42.00 1,030 58.00 1,776
Tokyo 2,103 39.32 3,245 60.68 5,348
At-large 2,849 40.00 4,275 60.00 7,124
Jordan Amman 215 70.03 92 29.97 307
Kazakhstan Astana 17 30.36 39 69.64 56
Kenya Nairobi 83 32.68 171 67.32 254
Kuwait Kuwait City 837 55.95 659 44.05 1,496
Laos Vientiane 72 40.22 107 59.78 179
Lebanon Beirut 62 50.00 62 50.00 124
Libya Tripoli 76 71.70 30 28.30 106
Madagascar Antananarivo 13 29.55 31 70.45 44
Malaysia Johor Bahru 42,248 61.29 26,681 38.71 68,929
Kota Kinabalu 20,790 41.84 28,905 58.16 49,695
Kuala Lumpur 111,794 84.26 20,891 15.74 132,685
Kuching 33,633 45.62 40,091 54.38 73,724
Penang 10,773 55.02 8,806 44.98 19,579
Tawau 11,933 30.33 27,412 69.67 39,345
At-large 231,171 60.21 152,786 39.79 383,957
Mexico Mexico City 34 26.36 95 73.64 129
Morocco Rabat 97 62.18 59 37.82 156
Mozambique Maputo 35 32.41 73 67.59 108
Myanmar Yangon 229 52.53 207 47.47 436
Namibia Windhoek 46 28.22 117 71.78 163
Netherlands The Hague 770 19.45 3,189 80.55 3,959
New Caledonia Noumea 71 27.20 190 72.80 261
New Zealand Wellington 260 14.61 1,519 85.39 1,779
Nigeria Abuja 184 34.20 354 65.80 538
North Korea Pyongyang 6 35.29 11 64.71 17
Norway Oslo 84 17.54 395 82.46 479
Oman Muscat 444 47.84 484 52.16 928
Pakistan Islamabad 168 69.71 73 30.29 241
Karachi 71 67.62 34 32.38 105
At-large 239 69.08 107 30.92 346
Panama Panama City 14 30.43 32 69.57 46
Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 168 36.92 287 63.08 455
Vanimo 176 30.24 406 69.76 582
At-large 344 33.17 693 66.83 1,037
Peru Lima 20 25.64 58 74.36 78
Philippines Davao City 912 52.47 826 47.53 1,738
Manila 162 12.67 1,117 87.33 1,279
At-large 1,074 35.60 1,943 64.40 3,017
Poland Warsaw 32 21.92 114 78.08 146
Portugal Lisbon 22 26.51 61 73.49 83
Qatar Doha 2,087 56.96 1,577 43.04 3,664
Romania Bucharest 27 40.30 40 59.70 67
Russia Moscow 70 26.42 195 73.58 265
Saudi Arabia Jeddah 5,626 51.22 5,357 48.78 10,983
Riyadh 4,184 49.71 4,233 50.29 8,417
At-large 9,810 50.57 9,590 49.43 19,400
Senegal Dakar 174 28.16 444 71.84 618
Serbia Belgrade 12 17.91 55 82.09 67
Singapore 7,639 20.16 30,250 79.84 37,889
Slovakia Bratislava 24 36.36 42 63.64 66
South Africa Cape Town 11 15.49 60 84.51 71
Pretoria 26 21.31 96 78.69 122
At-large 37 18.75 156 81.25 192
South Korea Seoul 3,018 33.77 5,920 66.23 8,938
Spain Madrid 140 23.45 457 76.55 597
Sri Lanka Colombo 37 18.88 159 81.12 196
Sudan Khartoum 268 73.83 95 26.17 363
Suriname Paramaribo 87 32.83 178 67.17 265
Sweden Stockholm 92 20.35 360 79.65 452
Switzerland Bern 87 15.21 485 84.79 572
Syria Damascus 185 91.58 17 8.42 202
Taiwan Taipei 17,525 26.87 47,692 73.13 65,217
Tanzania Dar es Salaam 14 31.11 31 68.89 45
Thailand Bangkok 389 35.40 710 64.60 1,099
Songkhla 247 34.07 478 65.93 725
At-large 636 34.87 1,188 65.13 1,824
Tunisia Tunis 41 49.40 42 50.60 83
Turkey Ankara 189 76.21 99 23.79 248
Istanbul 135 53.36 118 46.64 253
At-large 324 64.67 217 35.33 501
Ukraine Kyiv 5 9.09 50 90.91 55
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi 1,024 54.15 867 45.85 1,891
Dubai 720 40.89 1,041 59.11 1,761
At-large 1,744 47.75 1,908 52.25 3,652
United Kingdom London 805 24.79 2,442 75.21 3,247
United States Chicago, IL 123 15.36 678 84.64 801
Houston, TX 313 13.93 1,934 86.07 2,247
Los Angeles, CA 421 11.97 3,095 88.03 3,516
New York City, NY 866 16.87 4,267 83.13 5,133
San Francisco, CA 1,283 20.89 4,860 79.11 6,143
Washington, D.C. 277 25.39 814 74.61 1,091
At-large 3,283 17.34 15,647 82.66 18,930
Uzbekistan Tashkent 19 33.93 37 66.07 56
Vatican City 67 7.74 799 92.26 866
Venezuela Caracas 31 17.71 144 82.29 175
Vietnam Hanoi 21 14.58 123 85.42 144
Ho Chi Minh City 110 31.61 238 68.39 348
At-large 131 26.68 360 73.32 491
Yemen Sana'a 1,369 92.25 115 7.75 1,484
Zimbabwe Harare 167 31.33 366 68.67 533
At-large 313,600 46.26 364,257 53.74 677,857

Quick count results

[edit]
Source Candidate Error
Prabowo Subianto–Hatta Rajasa Joko Widodo–Jusuf Kalla
CSIS-Cyrus Network (Liputan6.com)[50] 48.10% 51.90% 1.25%
Indikator Politik Indonesia (MetroTVnews)[50] 47.05% 52.95% 0.20%
Kompas (Litbang)[50][51] 47.66% 52.34% 0.81%
Lingkaran Survei Indonesia[50] 46.43% 53.57% 0.42%
Poltracking[52] 46.63% 53.37% 0.22%
Populi Center (Suara.com);[53][50] 49.05% 50.95% 2.20%
Radio Republik Indonesia (antaranews.com)[50][54] 47.32% 52.68% 0.47%
Saiful Mujani Research Center (SMRC)[50][55] 47.09% 52.91% 0.24%
Indonesia Research Centre (IRC; okezone.com)[56][50] 51.11% 48.89% 4.26%
Jaringan Suara Indonesia (JSI; Viva.co.id)[57][50] 50.13% 49.87% 3.28%
Lembaga Survei Nasional (Viva.co.id)[57][50] 50.56% 49.44% 3.71%
Puskaptis (Viva.co.id)[50] 52.05% 47.95% 5.20%
Official results 46.85% 53.15% 0.00%

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Includes the PDI-P, the National Awakening Party, the NasDem Party, the People's Conscience Party, and the Indonesian Justice and Unity Party.
  2. ^ Including Gerindra, Golkar, the National Mandate Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, the United Development Party, and the Crescent Star Party (Indonesia).

References

[edit]
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  3. ^ Law No. 42/2008 on the Election of the President and Vice-president Archived 9 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Indonesian)
  4. ^ Prokurat, Sergiusz (2014), Indonesian parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. The electoral process and economic challenges (PDF), Józefów: Socio-economic relations between Europe and Asia in the 21st century", pp. 197–210, ISBN 978-83-62753-53-6, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2016, retrieved 28 July 2016
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