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Salm (state)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
County (Counties) of Salm
Grafschaft(en) Salm
1019–1815
Flag of Salm
Flag
Coat of Arms (1019–1355) of Salm
Coat of Arms (1019–1355)
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire, then
State of the Confederation of the Rhine
CapitalVielsalm (originally)
GovernmentPrincipality
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Partitioned from County
    of Saarbrücken
1019
• First partitioned into
    Lower and Upper Salm
 
1165
• Lower Salm extinct; to
    Reifferscheid-Dyck
 
1416
• Part of Upper Salm to
    Wild- and Rhinegraves
 
1475
• Annexed to Imperial
    département of Lippe
 
1810–11
1815
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
County of Saarbrücken
Kingdom of Prussia

Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.

History

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Origins and first division

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The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ruled by a junior branch of the House of Luxembourg, called the House of Salm.

In 1165, it was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the Ardennes, situated in Belgium and Luxembourg, and the county of Upper Salm, situated in the Vosges mountains, present France.

Upper Salm

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Main articles: Salm-Badenweiler and Salm-Dhaun

In 1246 the County of Upper Salm was split up, and the County of Salm-Blankenburg came into existence, next to it.

In 1431 the County of Upper Salm was split up again, and the County of Salm-Badenweiler came into existence, next to it.

The County of Upper Salm was inherited by the Wild- and Rhinegraves in 1475, who then called their fief the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Upper Salm.

In 1499 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was divided up into two entities, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Dhaun.

Salm-Blankenburg

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The county became extinct in 1506, and was inherited by the House of Lorraine.

Salm-Badenweiler

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In 1520 the County of Salm-Badenweiler was split up, and the County of Salm-Neuburg came into existence, next to it. In 1653 the fief was inherited by the Austrian House of Sinzendorf, but the House of Salm kept using the title until 1784, when the last lord died.

The county was annexed by the House of Lorraine from 1600 until 1608, when it came back into the family. 1670 the territory was finally annexed by France.

Salm-Kyrburg

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In 1607 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Kyrburg was divided in three by splitting off the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Mörchingen and the Wild- and Rhinagraviate of Salm-Tronecken from the original Wild- and Rhinegraviate. In 1637 the lord of Salm-Tronecken died and his territories were joined with ... . In 1681 the last lord of Salm-Kyrburg died, and his territories were joined with Salm-Mörchingen.

In 1688 the last lord of Salm-Mörchingen died. His territories were joined with ... .

In 1743 a completely new territory of Salm-Kyrburg was created, this time the Principality of Salm-Kyrburg. It was shortly annexed by France in 1811 and mediatised in 1813. But the family kept using the titles.

Salm-Dhaun

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In 1561 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Neuweiler and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Grumbach were split off Salm-Dhaun.

In 1697 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Püttlingen was split off Salm-Dhaun.

In 1748 the Salm-Dhaun branch of the family became extinct, its territories went to the branch of Salm-Püttlingen.

Salm-Püttlingen
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Salm-Püttlingen became extinct in 1750. Their territories went to ... .

Salm-Neuweiler
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In 1610 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm was split off Salm-Neuweiler. It was elevated to the Principality of Salm in 1623.

In 1803, when the Bishopric of Münster was secularized, part of it was given to the princes of Salm-Salm who by then already were in possession of the Lordship of Anholt. This new Principality of Salm, covering the area around Borken, Ahaus and Bocholt, was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine. In 1810 it was annexed by France, as a part of the Imperial département of Lippe. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, it was mediatized to Prussia. The family branch exist until today.

In 1696 Salm-Neuweiler was divided in two, the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Leuze and the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Salm-Hoogstraten. Their lands were incorporated into Belgium. The branches became extinct in 1887 and 1186.

Salm-Grumbach
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In 1668 the Wild- and Rhinegraviate of Rheingrafenstein-Grenzweiler was split off Salm-Grumbach. It was mediatised and incorporated into Prussia. The branch extinction occurred in 1819.

In 1803 Salm-Grumbach was annexed by France. The lords of Salm-Grumbach received the Principality of Salm-Horstmar as compensation in 1803. It was mediatised in 1813. The family branch sold its titles to Salm-Salm in 1892.

List of states

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Rulers

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House of Salm

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Partitions of Salm under House of Salm rule

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County of Salm
(separated from the County of Luxembourg)
(1019-1170) 		County of
Bentheim-Rheineck
(1088-1176)
       County of
Lower Salm
(Salm-en-Ardennes)
female-branch
of Salm-Vianden
(1170-1416)
Annexed to the
County of Holland
       County of
Salm-Blâmont[1]
(1246-1503)
Inherited by the
Reifferscheidt family,[2]
which adopted the name
Salm-Reifferscheidt
County of
Puttlingen
(1343-1368) 		County of Upper Salm
(Salm-en-Vosges)
male main line of Salm
(1170-1475)
      
             
County of
Salm-Badonviller[3]
(1475-1627) 		County of
Salm-Neuburg
(1485-1654)
       County of Salm-Dhaun
(1569-1750) 		      
Annexed to the
Duchy of Lorraine
County of
Salm-Grumbach
(1569-1803) 		       County of
Salm-Neuviller[4]
(1569-1681)
County of
Salm-Morchingen
(1607-1718) 		County of
Salm-Kyrburg
(female branch[5])
(1475-1742)
Half of Badonviller raised to:
Principality of Salm
(Salm-Neuviller branch)
(1623-1738) 		Half of Badonviller
annexed to the
Duchy of Lorraine
Sold to the
Sinzendorf family
      
Annexed to the
Duchy of Lorraine (1718-1729)
Annexed to the
Electoral Palatinate 		(Salm-Neuviller branch from 1681)

Raised to:
Principality of
Salm-Kyrburg
(1742-1813) 		County of
Salm-Leuze
(1707-1742)
Exchanged (by France) with:
Principality of
Salm-Horstmar
(1803-1813) 		Raised to:
Principality
of Salm-Salm
(1742-1815)
(mediatized to Prussia in 1813) (mediatized to Prussia in 1813) Annexed to France (1811)
(mediatized to Prussia in 1813)

Table of rulers

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Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort Death Notes
Giselbert c.1007
Son of Frederick of Luxembourg, Count of Moselgau and Ermentrude of Gleiberg 		1019 - 14 August 1059 County of Salm Unknown
seven children 		14 August 1059
aged 51–52		 Also Count of Luxembourg.
Herman I c.1035
Son of Giselbert 		14 August 1059 - 28 September 1088 County of Salm Sophia of Formbach
three children 		28 September 1088
Cochem
aged 52–53		 Contested the Imperial throne against Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
Otto I c.1075
First son of Herman I and Sophia of Formbach 		28 September 1088 - 1150 County of Bentheim and Rheineck Gertrude of Northeim
c.1115
three children 		c.1150
aged 74–75 		Children of Herman I, divided the land.
Herman II c.1075
Second son of Herman I and Sophia of Formbach 		28 September 1088 - 11 July 1135 County of Salm Agnes of Bar
c.1110
three children 		11 July 1135
aged 59–60
Henry I c.1110
First son of Herman II and Agnes of Bar 		11 July 1135 - 1170 County of Salm Clementia of Dagsburg
two children 		1170
aged 59–60 		Children of Herman I, possibly ruled jointly.
Herman III c.1110
Second son of Herman II and Agnes of Bar 		11 July 1135 - c.1150? County of Salm Mathilde de Paroy
no children 		c.1150?
aged 39–40?
Sophia c.1120
Daughter of Herman I and Sophia of Formbach 		1150 - 26 September 1176 County of Bentheim and Rheineck Gertrude of Northeim
c.1115
three children 		26 September 1176
Jerusalem
aged 55–56 		Heir of her father after his death. through her marriage, her property passed to the House of Holland.
Bentheim-Rheineck annexed to the County of Holland
Henry II c.1140
Son of Henry I and Clementia of Dagsburg 		1170-1204 County of Upper Salm
(Salm-en-Vosges)		 Judith
(d.1186)c.1150
four/five children 		c.1204
aged 63–64 		Children of Henry I, divided the county.
Elisabeth c.1140
Daughter of Henry I and Clementia of Dagsburg 		1170-c.1200 County of Lower Salm
(Salm-en-Ardennes)		 Frederick II, Count of Vianden
1159
four children 		c.1200
aged 59–60
William I c.1160
Son of Frederick II, Count of Vianden and Elisabeth 		c.1200 - 5 September 1214 County of Lower Salm Unknown
three children 		5 September 1214
aged 53–54
Henry III c.1175
Son of Henry II and Judith 		1204 - August 1246 County of Upper Salm Judith of Upper Lorraine
(d.c.1245)
1189
seven children 		August 1246
aged 70–71?
Henry II[6] c.1180
First son of William I 		c.1215 County of Lower Salm Unknown
at least one child? 		c.1215/20?
aged c.39-40?
Gerhard c.1180
Second son of William I 		c.1215-1240 County of Lower Salm Unknown
at least one child? 		1240
aged c.59-60
Henry III c.1200
Son of Henry II or Gerhard 		1240-1246 County of Lower Salm Unknown
at least one child 		1246
aged 45–46
Henry IV c.1230
Son of Henry of Salm, Lord of Viviers and Margaret of Bar 		August 1246 - 8 January 1292 County of Upper Salm Lauretta of Blieskastel
1242
four children 		8 January 1292
aged 61–62 		Division of land: Frederick, son of Henry III, took Blâmont for himself; Henry IV, Henry III's grandson, inherited the rest of the county.
Frederick I c.1220
Son of Henry III and Judith of Upper Lorraine 		August 1246 - 1255 County of Salm-Blâmont Jeanne de Dombasle
(d.c.1240)
c.1225
one child

Jeanne of Bar
(d.c.1300)
c.1250
two children 		1255
aged 34–35
Henry IV c.1220
Son of Henry III 		1246-1259 County of Lower Salm Clementia of Rozoy
(c.1195-1285)
c.1225
two children 		1259
aged 38–39
Regency of Jeanne of Bar (1255-1269)
Henry I Strong-Head 1242 or 1255
Son of Frederick I and Jeanne of Bar 		1255 - 1331 County of Salm-Blâmont Kunigunde of Leiningen
(1259-c.1310)
c.1265
eight children 		1331
aged 75–76 or 88-89
William II c.1240
Son of Henry IV and Clementia of Rozoy 		1259-1292 County of Lower Salm Richardis of Julich
(c.1243-c.1295)
1265
at least two children 		1292
aged 51–52
John I c.1250
Son of Henry IV and Lauretta of Blieskastel 		8 January 1292 -c.1330 County of Upper Salm
 Jeanne de Joinville
(1266-c.1300)
1290
five children 		c.1330
aged c.79-80?
William III c.1260
Son of William II and Richardis of Julich 		1292-1297 County of Lower Salm Catherine of Prouvy
c.1280
five children 		1297
aged 36–37
Henry V c.1280
Son of William III and Catherine of Prouvy 		1297-1333 County of Lower Salm Philippa of Grandpré
c.1280
four children 		1333
aged 59–60
Simon I c.1290
Son of John I and Jeanne of Joinville 		c.1330 - 26 July 1346 County of Upper Salm
 Matilda of Saarbrücken
1334
one child 		26 July 1346
Battle of Crécyaged c.55-56
Henry II c.1310
First son of Henry of Salm-Blâmont and Margaret of Montfaucon 		1331 - 1342 County of Salm-Blâmont Unmarried 1342
aged 31–32		 Grandson of Henry I, left no descendants.
William IV c.1300
First son of Henry V and Philippa of Grandpré 		1334 County of Lower Salm Unmarried 1334
aged 33–34		 Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
John I c.1300
Second son of Henry V and Philippa of Grandpré 		1334-1336 County of Lower Salm Unmarried 1336
aged 35–36?		 Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Henry VI 1315
Third son of Henry V and Philippa of Grandpré 		1336-1360 County of Lower Salm Mathilde of Thuin
c.1345
two children 		1360
aged 59–60
Theobald I c.1310
Second son of Henry of Salm-Blâmont and Margaret of Montfaucon 		1342 - April/May 1376 County of Salm-Blâmont Margaret d’Oricourt
(1259-c.1310)
21 July 1346
seven children 		April/May 1376
aged 75–76 or 88-89		 Brother of Henry II.
John II c.1335
Son of Simon I and Matilda of Saarbrücken 		26 July 1346 - c.1400 County of Upper Salm
 Margaret
c.1350
no children

Philippa of Falkenburg
(1340-1385)
23 May 1355
fou children 		c.1400
aged c.64-65 		In 1396 John possibly associated his son to the rulership, as despite having predeceased him, Simon was by 1396 already Lord of Born, Sittard, Ravenstein and Susteren.[7]
Simon II c.1355
First son of John II and Philippa of Falkenburg 		1396 - 16 January 1397 County of Upper Salm
 Unmarried 16 January 1397
aged 63–64
John II c.1350
First son of Henry VI and Mathilde of Thuin 		1360-c.1380 County of Lower Salm Unmarried c.1380
aged 29–30		 Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Henry III c.1350
Son of Theobald I and Margaret d’Oricourt 		April/May 1376 - 1421 County of Salm-Blâmont Walpurga of Vinstingen
(d.c.1425)
1369/70
six children 		1421
aged c.70-71
Henry VII c.1350
Second son of Henry VI and Mathilde of Thuin 		c.1380-1416 County of Lower Salm Philippa Mascherell van Schoonvorst
1366
three children 		1416
aged 65–66
Lower Salm inherited by the Reifferscheidt family (see below the table)
John III c.1370
Second son of John II and Philippa of Falkenburg 		c.1400 - 2 July 1431 County of Upper Salm
 Guillemette de Vergy
(d.1412)
1403
one child

Jeanne Alix de Joinville
1422
one child 		2 July 1431
Bulgneville
aged 60–61
Theobald II c.1370
Son of Henry III and Walpurga of Vinstingen 		1421- 2 September 1431 County of Salm-Blâmont Margaret of Vaudémont
(d.c.1470)
1415
six children 		2 September 1431
aged 75–76 or 88-89
Simon III c.1405
Son of John III and Guillemette de Vergy 		2 July 1431 - 1475 County of Upper Salm
 Jeanne van Rotselaer
(c.1430 - 2 Aug 1487)
c.1420
two children 		1475
aged 69–70
Frederick II c.1415
First son of Theobald II and Margaret of Vaudémont 		2 September 1431 - 1494 County of Salm-Blâmont Marie de Vienne, Lady of Saint-Georges
c.1450
eight children 		1494
aged c.78-79
Jacob c.1420
Son of Simon III and Jeanne van Rotselaer 		1475 County of Upper Salm
 Unmarried 1475
aged 54–55		 Left no descendants.
John IV c.1405
Son of John III and Jeanne Alix de Joinville 		1475 - 14 June 1485 County of Salm-Badonviller
 Margarete of Sirck
(1437-12 February 1520)
four children 		14 June 1485
aged 63–64 		Uncle and niece (or according to some sources, brother and sister), divided the county. John founded the Badonviller branch, and Johannetta the Salm-Kyrburg branch.
Johannetta c.1420
Daughter of Simon III and Jeanne van Rotselaer 		1475-1496 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 John V, Rheingraf of Stein and Dhaun
(17 November 1436 - September 1495)
14 November 1459
four children 		1496
aged 75–76
John V 1451
First son of John IV and Margarete of Sirck 		14 June 1485 - 11 April 1505 County of Salm-Badonviller
 Anne de Haraucourt
(1465-14 May 1550)
four children 		11 April 1505
aged 53–54 		Children of John IV, divided the land.
Nicholas I 1459
Vielsalm
Second son of John IV and Margarete of Sirck 		14 June 1485 - 4 May 1530 County of Salm-Neuburg Elisabeth von Rogendorff
(d.1550)
18 June 1502
eight children 		4 May 1530
Marchegg
aged 70–71
Claude c.1450
First son of Frederick II and Marie de Vienne 		1494 - 4 July 1496 County of Salm-Blâmont Unknown
at least one child 		4 July 1496
aged 45–46
Louis c.1450
Second son of Frederick II and Marie de Vienne 		4 July 1496 - 1503 County of Salm-Blâmont Bonne de Neuchâtel
no children 		1503
aged 52–53
John VI[8] c.1460
Son of John V, Rheingraf of Stein and Dhaun and Johannetta 		1496 - 27 December 1499 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Joanna, Countess of Moers and Saarwerden
(d.1513)
17 November 1478
seven children 		27 December 1499
aged 38–39
Philip 8 September 1492
First son of John VI and Joanna of Moers and Saarwerden 		27 December 1499 - 27 August 1521 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Antoinette de Neufchatel
(c. 1495/1500 - 29 October 1544)
31 May 1514
Amanck
four children 		27 August 1521
Yvoir
aged 28 		Children of John VI, divided the county.
John VII 1493
Second son of John VI and Joanna of Moers and Saarwerden 		27 December 1499 - 11 December 1531 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Anna of Isenburg-Ronneburg
9 January 1515
eight children 		11 December 1531
aged 37–38
Ulrich c.1425
Second son of Theobald II and Margaret of Vaudémont 		1503 - 3 May 1506 County of Salm-Blâmont Unmarried 3 May 1506
aged 80–81		 Uncle of Claude and Louis, also Bishop of Toul. After his childless death Blâmont was annexed to Lorraine.
Blâmont annexed to the Duchy of Lorraine
John VI c.1495
Salm
Son of John V and Anne de Haraucourt 		11 April 1505 - 15 March 1548 County of Salm-Badonviller Louise de Stainville
(1500 - 6 May 1554)
four children 		15 March 1548
aged 51–52
Regency of Antoinette de Neufchatel (1521-1532)
Philip Francis 4 August 1518
Dhaun
Son of Philip and Antoinette de Neufchatel 		27 August 1521 - 28 January 1561 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Maria Aegyptiaca of Oettingen-Oettingen
27 January 1539
nine children 		28 January 1561
Naumburg
aged 42
Nicholas II 1503
Son of Nicholas I and Elisabeth von Regendorff 		4 May 1530 - 15 June 1550 County of Salm-Neuburg Emiliana of Eberstein
28 October 1524
two children

Margareta Széchy of Felsőlendva
8 September 1540
one child 		15 June 1550
Eger
aged 46–47
Regency of Anna of Isenburg-Ronneburg (1531-1536)
John VIII 1522
Son of John VII and Anna of Isenburg-Ronneburg 		11 December 1531 - October 1548 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Anna of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg
(1520 - 7 March 1594)
14 January 1540
Waldenburg
three children 		October 1548
aged 25–26
John VII c.1520
Son of John VI and Louise de Stainville 		15 March 1548 - 14 January 1600 County of Salm-Badonviller Unmarried 14 January 1600
aged 63–64
Regency of Anna of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg (1548-1555)
Otto I the Elder 15 January 1541?
Son of John VIII and Anna of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg 		October 1548 - 7 June 1607 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Ottilia of Nassau-Weilburg
23 June 1567
Weilburg
thirteen children 		7 June 1607
Kyrburg
aged 66?
Nicholas III 1528
First son of Nicholas II and Emiliana of Eberstein 		15 June 1550 - 26 November 1580 County of Salm-Neuburg Catherine of Isenburg-Büdingen
(11 April 1532 - 16 April 1574)
1562
no children

Judith of Polheim
(5 March 1559 - 1613)
1575
no children 		26 November 1580
aged 70–71
John Philip I 30 September 1545
First son of Philip Francis and Maria Aegyptiaca of Oettingen-Oettingen 		28 January 1561 - 3 October 1569 County of Salm-Dhaun Diana de Dompmartin
(1552-1625)
1566
no children 		3 October 1569
aged 24		 Left no children. His brothers split the patrimony.
Frederick I 3 February 1547
Dhaun
Second son of Philip Francis and Maria Aegyptiaca of Oettingen-Oettingen 		3 October 1569 - 26 October 1608 County of Salm-Neuviller Francisca of Salm-Badenweiler
(1545 - 22 May 1587)
10 April 1570
six children

Anna Emilia of Nassau-Weilburg
(26 July 1549 - 7 January 1598)
27 May 1588
Saarbrücken
no children

Sybilla Juliana of Isenburg-Birstein
(29 January 1574 - 2 May 1604)
15 July 1598
Birstein
five children

Anna Amalia of Erbach
21 October 1604
Erbach im Odenwald
three children 		26 October 1608
Finstingen
aged 61 		Siblings of John Philip I, divided the county. Frederick inherited (possibly already in 1600) half of the County of Salm-Badonviller.
John Christopher 20 October 1555
Third son of Philip Francis and Maria Aegyptiaca of Oettingen-Oettingen 		3 October 1569 - 3 August 1585 County of Salm-Grumbach Dorothea of Mansfeld-Einsleben
(1549-1626)
1581
two children 		3 August 1585
aged 29
Adolph Henry 1557
Fourth son of Philip Francis and Maria Aegyptiaca of Oettingen-Oettingen 		3 October 1569 - 20 February 1606 County of Salm-Dhaun Juliana of Nassau-Siegen
24 April 1588
ten children 		20 February 1606
aged 49
Julius I 11 November 1531
Second son of Nicholas II and Emiliana of Eberstein 		26 November 1580 - 2 July 1595 County of Salm-Neuburg Elisabeth Thurzó of Bethlenfalva
(d.29 November 1573)
c.1570
no children

Anna Maria of Dietrichstein
(7 December 1557 - 5 March 1586)
1575
one child 		2 July 1595
aged 63
Regency of Dorothea of Mansfeld-Einsleben (1585-1596)
John 1582
Son of John Christopher and Dorothea of Mansfeld-Einsleben 		3 August 1585 - 19 January 1630 County of Salm-Grumbach Anna Juliana of Mansfeld-Hinterort
(5 April 1591 - 1626)
3 July 1609
six children 		19 January 1630
aged 47–48
Weichard 16 September 1575
Son of Julius I and Anna Maria of Dietrichstein 		2 July 1595 - 1617 County of Salm-Neuburg Sidonia von Munchwitz
(1579-1638)
26 November 1596
seven children 		1617
aged 41–42
Christina Catharina 1575
Daughter of Paul of Salm-Badenweiler and Marie La Veneur 		14 January 1600 - 31 December 1627 County of Salm-Badonviller
(in half Badonviller)		 Francis II, Duke of Lorraine
1597
six children 		31 December 1627
aged 51–52		 Niece of John VII, and Duchess consort of Lorraine. She inherits her uncle's land. A division took place: some of the Badonviller possessions were kept with her and later inherited by Lorraine; another half was kept within the Salm family, specifically of the Dhaun branch. From this Salm half emerged the Principality of Salm.
Half of Badonviller annexed to the Duchy of Lorraine; the other part formed the Principality of Salm
Wolfgang Frederick 1589
Dhaun
Son of Adolph Henry and Juliana of Nassau-Siegen 		20 February 1606 - 24 December 1638 County of Salm-Dhaun Elisabeth of Solms-Braunfels
(8 October 1593 - 14 August 1637)
1619
seven children

Joanna of Hanau-Münzenberg
(12 April 1610 - 26 July 1673)
1637
no children 		24 December 1638
Dhaun
aged 48–49
John IX 1575
First son of Otto I and Ottilia of Nassau-Weilburg 		7 June 1607 - 1623 County of Salm-Mörchingen
 Anna Catharina of Criechingen
(d.1638)
15 October 1593
nine children 		1623
aged 47–48 		Children of Otto I, divided their patrimony.
John Casimir 6 July 1577
Kyrburg
Second son of Otto I and Ottilia of Nassau-Weilburg 		7 June 1607 - 4 February 1651 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Dorothea of Solms-Laubach
(31 January 1579 - 19 July 1631)
17 May 1607
Laubach
eight children

Anna Juliana of Leiningen-Hardenburg
(1599-1685)
1633
no children 		4 February 1651
Kyrburg
aged 73
Otto II 5 September 1578
Third son of Otto I and Ottilia of Nassau-Weilburg 		7 June 1607 - 4 February 1651 County of Salm-Kyrburg
(at Dhronecken)		 Claudia von Manderscheid-Schleiden
(7 October 1581 - 1 January/14 December 1622)
22 November 1614
no children

Philippa Barbara von Fleckenstein
(d.1637)
21 July 1623
no children 		3 April 1637
Strasbourg
aged 58
Philip Otto 22 May 1575
Dhaun
First son of Frederick I and Francisca of Salm-Badenweiler 		26 October 1608 - 23 November 1634 County of Salm-Badonviller
(in half Badonviller; 1608–1623)

Principality of Salm
(1623-1634)		 Christine de Croy
(1590 - 17 January 1664)
1616
three children 		23 November 1634
Neuviller
aged 59 		Children of Frederick I, divided the county. In 8 January 1623, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor granted Philip Otto the title of Prince. John George left no male descendants, and his county passed to his half-brother.
John George 1580
Neuviller
Second son of Frederick I and Francisca of Salm-Badenweiler 		26 October 1608 - 13 September 1650 County of Salm-Neuviller Margaret of Mansfeld-Hinterort-Pütlingen
(August 1592 - 1638)
21 October 1609
two children

Anna Maria of Criehingen
(7 April 1614 - 7 November 1676)
17 November 1644
no children 		13 September 1650
aged 69–70
Julius II 1600
First son of Weichard and Elisabeth von Regendorff 		1617 - May 1654 County of Salm-Neuburg Juliana of Collalto
(1625-1647)
c.1640?
no children

Maria Salomea of Windisch-Gretz
(d. 28 May 1665)
c.1650
one child 		May 1654
aged 53–54
Otto Louis 13 October 1597
First son of John IX and Anna Catharina of Criechingen 		1623 - 6 October 1634 County of Salm-Mörchingen
 Anna Magdalena of Hanau-Lichtenberg
(14 December 1600 - 22 February 1673)
1633
no children 		6 October 1634
Speyer
aged 36 		Children of John IX, ruled jointly.
John X c.1600
Second son of John IX and Anna Catharina of Criechingen 		1623-1634 County of Salm-Mörchingen Unmarried 1634
aged c.33-34
Adolph 1614
Son of John and Anna Juliana of Mansfeld-Hinterort 		19 January 1630 - 16 November 1668 County of Salm-Grumbach Anna Juliana of Salm-Dhaun
(1622-1667)
1640
sixteen children 		16 November 1668
aged 53–54
Louis 1618
First son of Philip Otto and Christine de Croy 		23 November 1634 - 1636 Principality of Salm Unmarried 1636
aged 17–18		 Left no descendants; he was succeeded by his brother.
Regency of Anna Magdalena of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1634-1648) With no descendants, left the county to his wife.
John XI 17 April 1635
Son of Otto Louis and Anna Magdalena of Hanau-Lichtenberg 		17 April 1635 - 16 November 1688 County of Salm-Mörchingen Elisabeth Joanna of Palatinate-Veldenz
27 December 1669
Mörchingen
no children 		16 November 1688
Flönheim
aged 53
Leopold Philip Charles 1619
Neuviller
Second son of Philip Otto and Christine de Croy 		1636 - 15 December 1663 Principality of Salm Maria Anna of Bronckhorst-Batenburg
(4 May 1624 - 16 October 1661)
22 October 1641
three children 		15 December 1663
Anholt
aged 43–44
John Louis 1620
Dhaun
Son of Wolfgang Frederick and Elisabeth of Solms-Braunfels 		24 December 1638 - 6 November 1673 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Elisabeth of Salm-Neuviller
(1620-1653)
30 October 1643
five children

Eva Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg
(3 February 1624 - 5 February 1678)
31 August 1649
Neuenstein
seven children 		6 November 1673
Vienna
aged 52–53
Frederick Magnus[9] 29 July 1606
Neuviller
Son of Frederick I and Anna Amalia of Erbach 		13 September 1650 - 25 January 1673 County of Salm-Neuviller Marguerite Tissard
two children 		25 January 1673
Maastricht
aged 66
George Frederick 31 May 1611
Son of John Casimir and Dorothea of Solms-Laubach 		4 February 1651 - 3 August 1681 County of Salm-Kyrburg
 Anna Elisabeth of Stolberg
(7 July 1611 - 16 December 1671)
19 February 1638
six children

Anna Elisabeth of Daun-Falkenstein
19 July 1672
no children 		3 August 1681
aged 70		 Left no male descendants; the county was inherited by the Neufville line of the family.
Charles 1604
Second son of Weichard and Elisabeth von Regendorff 		1654 County of Salm-Neuburg Elisabeth Bernhardine of Tübingen
26 November 1637
ten children 		1662
aged 57–58		 Sold the county to the Sinzendorf family in the same year of his accession.
Neuburg sold to the Sinzendorf family
Charles Theodore Otto 7 July 1645
Anholt
Son of Leopold Philip Charles and Maria Anna of Bronckhorst-Batenburg 		15 December 1663 - 10 November 1710 Principality of Salm Luise Marie of the Palatinate
20 March 1671
Asnières-sur-Seine
four children 		10 November 1710
Aachen
aged 65
George Frederick 4 April 1641
First son of Adolph and Anna Juliana of Salm-Dhaun 		16 November 1668 - 1687 County of Salm-Grumbach Unmarried 1687
aged 45–46		 Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Charles Florentin 14 January 1638
Neuviller
Son of Frederick Magnus and Marguerite Tissard 		25 January 1673 - 4 September 1676 County of Salm-Neuviller Maria Gabriella of Lalaing
(c.1640-1709)
14 September 1657
Maastricht
six children 		4 September 1676
Pietersheim (close to Lanaken)
aged 38
John Philip II 28 October 1645
Dhaun
Son of John Louis and Elisabeth of Salm-Neuviller 		6 November 1673 - 26 June 1693 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler
11 November 1761
Ottweiler
seven children 		26 June 1693
Dhaun
aged 28
Frederick II 28 December 1658
First son of Charles Florentin and Marie Gabrielle de Lalaing 		4 September 1676 - 29 December 1696 County of Salm-Neuviller Brigitte Louise de Rubempré
(d.15 August 1730)
no children 		29 December 1696
aged 38 		Left no descendants. His brothers split the patrimony.
3 August 1681 - 29 December 1696 County of Salm-Kyrburg
Leopold Philip William 26 December 1642
Second son of Adolph and Anna Juliana of Salm-Dhaun 		1687 - 25 August 1719 County of Salm-Grumbach Frederica Juliana of Salm-Kyrburg
(9 October 1651 - 7 February 1705)
23 September 1673
three children 		25 August 1719
aged 76
Elisabeth Joanna of Palatinate-Veldenz 22 February 1653
Lauterrecken
Daughter of Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz and Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg 		16 November 1688 - 5 February 1718 County of Salm-Mörchingen John XI
27 December 1669
Mörchingen
no children 		5 February 1718
Mörchingen
aged 64
Morchingen was annexed to Lorraine (1718-29) and then the Electoral Palatinate
Charles 21 September 1675
Dhaun
First son of John Philip II and Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler 		26 June 1693 - 26 March 1733 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler
19 January 1704
Ottweiler
ten children 		26 March 1733
Dhaun
aged 57
William Florentin 12 May 1670
Second son of Charles Florentin and Marie Gabrielle de Lalaing 		29 December 1696 - 6 June 1707 County of Salm-Leuze Maria Anna of Mansfeld
(16 October 1680 - 16 January 1723)
28 September 1699
Vienna
one child 		6 June 1707
aged 37 		Brothers of Frederick II, divided the land between them.
Henry Gabriel 21 July 1674
Third son of Charles Florentin and Marie Gabrielle de Lalaing 		29 December 1696 - 15 October 1716 County of Salm-Kyrburg Marie Therese de Croy
(1678 - 18 June 1713)
17 November 1478
seven children 		15 October 1716
aged 42
Nicholas Leopold 25 January 1701
Nancy
Son of William Florentin and Maria Anna of Mansfeld 		6 June 1707 - 4 February 1770 County of Salm-Leuze
(1696-1742)

Principality of Salm-Salm
(1742-1770)		 Dorothea Franziska of Salm
(21 February 1702 – 25 January 1751)
25 March 1719
Anholt
eighteen children

Christina Anna of Salm
(29 April 1707 - 19 August 1775)
12 July 1753
Anholt
no children 		4 February 1770
Hoogstraten
aged 69
Louis Otto 24 October 1674
Aachen
Son of Charles Theodore Otto and Luise Marie of the Palatinate 		10 November 1710 - 23 November 1738 Principality of Salm Albertina Johannetta of Nassau-Hadamar
(6 July 1679 – 24 April 1716)
20 July 1700
Anholt
three children 		23 November 1738
Anholt
aged 64
Salm annexed to Kyrburg
John Dominic 26 July 1708
First son of Henry Gabriel and Marie Therese de Croy 		15 October 1716 - 2 June 1778 County of Salm-Kyrburg
(1716-1743)

Principality of Salm-Kyrburg
(1743-1778)		 Unmarried 2 June 1778
Kirn
aged 69 		Children of Henry Gabriel, ruled jointly.
Philip Joseph 21 July 1709
Second son of Henry Gabriel and Marie Therese de Croy 		15 October 1716 - 7 June 1779 Maria Theresa Josepha of Horn
(19 October 1725 - 19 June 1783)
12 August 1742
Ische
ten children 		7 June 1779
Paris
aged 69
Charles Louis Philip 27 May 1678
Son of Leopold Philip William and Frederica Juliana of Salm-Kyrburg 		25 August 1719 - 1 June 1727 County of Salm-Grumbach Maria Wilhelmina Henrietta of Nassau-Usingen
(13 April 1679 - 1 November 1718)
10 January 1701
Usingen
ten children

Sophia Dorothea of Nassau-Saarbrücken
(14 July 1670 - 21 June 1748)
13 July 1720
Grumbach
no children 		1 June 1727
aged 49
Charles Walrad William 10 October 1701
Son of Charles Louis Philip and Maria Wilhelmina Henrietta of Nassau-Usingen 		1 June 1727 - 11 July 1763 County of Salm-Grumbach Juliana Francisca von Prösing
13 September 1728
Grumbach
seventeen children 		11 July 1763
aged 61
Regency of Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler (1733-1738) Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle, Christian Otto.
John Philip III 20 January 1724
First son of Charles and Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler 		27 March 1733 - 13 September 1742 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Unmarried 13 September 1742
Dhaun
aged 18
Christian Otto 14 April 1680
Dhaun
Second son of John Philip II and Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler 		13 September 1742 - 24 April 1748 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Unmarried 24 April 1748
Dhaun
aged 68		 Like his nephew, to whom he succeeded, he also didn't marry or had children. The county passed to one of his nephews, son of his brother Walrad.
John Frederick 24 July 1724
Dhaun
Son of Walrad Victor of Salm-Dhaun, Lord of Putlingen and Dorothea of Nassau-Ottweiler 		24 April 1748 - 27 January 1750 County of Salm-Dhaun
 Carolina Frederica of Salm-Grumbach
(4 April 1733 - 23 July 1783)
25 October 1747
Grumbach
four children 		27 January 1750
Dhaun
aged 28		 Left no surviving descendants. Dhaun possibly passed to Salm-Salm.
Salm-Dhaun possibly annexed to Salm-Grumbach
Charles Louis William 14 July 1729
Grumbach
Son of Charles Walrad William and Juliana Francisca von Prösing 		11 July 1763 - 23 May 1799 County of Salm-Grumbach Elisabeth Christiana Marianna of Leiningen-Dagsburg
(27 October 1753 - 16 February 1792)
17 May 1768
Hardenburg
five children

Augusta Louise of Solms-Braunfels
(15 January 1764 - 8 September 1797)
3 September 1792
Braunfels
two children

Frederica Wilhelmina of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein
(26 March 1767 - 20 December 1849)
22 January 1798
one child 		23 May 1799
Wetzlar
aged 69
Louis Charles Otto 22 August 1721
Hoogstraten
Son of Nicholas Leopold and Dorothea Franziska of Salm 		4 February 1770 - 29 July 1778 Principality of Salm-Salm Unmarried 29 July 1778
Senones
aged 56		 Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
Constantine 22 November 1762
Hoogstraten
Son of Maximilian Frederick Ernest of Salm-Salm and Maria Louise of Hesse-Rotenburg 		29 July 1778 - 13 December 1810 Principality of Salm-Salm Victoria Felicitas of Löwenstein-Wertheim -Rochefort
(2 January 1769 - 29 November 1786)
31 December 1782
Pütlingen
two children

Maria Walpurga of Sternberg-Manderscheid
(11 May 1770 - 16 June 1806)
4 February 1788
Wiener Neustadt
seven children

Catharina Bender
(19 January 1791 - 13 March 1831)
12 June 1810
The Hague
(morganatic)
five children 		25 February 1828
Karlsruhe
aged 65
Salm-Salm was annexed to France (1810-1815) and then the Kingdom of Prussia
Frederick III 3 May 1744
Son of Philip Joseph and Maria Theresa Josepha of Horn 		7 June 1779 - 23 July 1794 Principality of Salm-Kyrburg Joanna Franziska of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
29 November 1781
Strasbourg
four children 		23 July 1794
aged 50
Regency of Amalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg and Maurice of Salm-Kyrburg (1794-1810) Under regency of his aunt and uncle, by the time he reached majority the principality lost its sovereignty.
Frederick IV 14 December 1789
Paris
Son of Frederick III and Joanna Franziska of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 		23 July 1794 - 13 December 1810[10] Principality of Salm-Kyrburg Cécile-Rosalie Prévost
11 January 1815
Paris
one child 		14 August 1859
Fontainebleau
aged 69
Kyrburg was annexed to France (1810-1815) and then the Kingdom of Prussia
Regency of Frederica Wilhelmina of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (1799-1815) Under regency of his mother; Lost sovereignty after the German mediatization.
William Frederick 11 March 1799
Grumbach
Son of Charles Louis William and Frederica Wilhelmina of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein 		23 May 1799 - 9 June 1815 County of Salm-Grumbach
(1799-1803)

Principality of Salm-Horstmar
(1803-1813)		 Elisabeth Anna Carolina of Solms-Rödelheim
(9 June 1806 - 5 February 1885)
5 October 1826
Hungen
five children 		27 March 1865
aged 66
Grumbach annexed to France; Horstmar annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia

The successors of the House of Salm: the Reiffersheidt family

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Main articles: Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg, Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, and Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim

The counts of Lower Salm became extinct in 1416, and the county was inherited by the House of Reifferscheid-Dyck. In 1628 the county was elevated to an altgraviate, and henceforth the fief was renamed the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid.

In 1639 the Altgraviate was divided up into the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg, to the Northwest of Cologne, and the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, Neuss.

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1416-1803; in Dyck, from 1639 in Bedburg, renamed Krautheim 1803–1806)

  • Otto (1416–1455)
  • John I (1455–1475)
  • John II (1475–1479)
  • Peter (1479–1505)
  • John III (1505–1537)
  • John IV (1537–1559)
  • Werner (1559–1629)
  • Ernst Frederick, (1629–1639) first altgrave
  • Ernest Salentin (1639–1684)
  • Francis Ernest (1684–1721)
  • August Eugene Bernard (1721–1767)
  • William (1767–1775)
  • Joseph Zu (1775–1806) in pretence until 1861

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (in Bedburg 1639–1803, renamed Krautheim 1803–1806)

  • Erik Adolf (1639–1673)
  • Francis William (1673–1734)
  • Charles Anthony (1734–1755)
  • Sigismund (1755–1798)
  • Francis William, reign (1798–1806) last altgrave (1803–1804), first prince (1804–1806) died 1831

Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz and Salm-Reifferscheidt-Hainsbach

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Main articles: Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz and Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach

In 1734 the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was divided in three by splitting off the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Raitz, from Bohemian descent, and the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach from the original altgraviate.

In 1803 the, smaller, Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedburg was renamed the Altgraviate of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim. In 1804 it was raised to a principality, und existed until 1806, when it was mediatised.

House of Reifferscheid-Dyck (in Raitz 1734–1811)

  • Anthony (1734–1769)
  • Charles Joseph, last altgrave (1769–1790), first prince (1790–1811)

House of Reifferscheidt-Dyck (in Hainsbach 1734–1811)

  • Leopold Anthony (1734–1769)
  • Francis Wenceslaus (1769–1811), died 1832

Titular princes post-Prussian mediatization (1806/11-)

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House of Salm

[edit]

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Kyrburg

[edit]
  • Frederick IV, first mediatised prince (1813–1859)
  • Frederick V (1859–1887)
  • Frederick VI Louis (1887–1905)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Salm

[edit]
Princely arms of Salm-Salm
  • Constantin Alexander, first mediatised prince (1813–1828)
  • Florentin (1828–1846)
  • Alfred I (1846–1886)
  • Nicolas Leopold II (1886–1908)
  • Alfred II (1908–1923)
  • Nicolas Leopold III (1923–1988)
  • Charles-Philip (1988–present)
    • Emanuel, heir (born 1961)

House of Reifferscheidt

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Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck

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  • Joseph Zu (1806-1861) in pretence
  • Alfred (1861–1888), title to branch of Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Krautheim

[edit]
  • Francis William, 1806-1831
  • Constantin (1831–1856), title in pretence
  • Francis Charles (1856–1860)
  • Leopold (1860–1893)
  • Alfred (1893–1924)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Hainsbach

[edit]
  • Francis Wenceslaus (1811–1832), title in pretence
  • Francis Vincent (1832–1842)
  • John (1842–1847)
  • Francis Joseph (1847–1887)
  • Alois (1887–1897)

Post-mediatized princes of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz

[edit]
  • Hugh I Francis (1811–1836), title in pretence
  • Hugh II Charles (1836–1888)
  • Hugh III (1888–1890)
  • Hugh IV (1890–1903)
  • Hugh V Leopold (1903–1946)
  • Hugh VI
  • Hugh VII (born 1973)

References

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  1. ^ Also called Salm-Blankenberg
  2. ^ As the family was not a direct descendant of the Salm dynasty it isn't considered here as a branch.
  3. ^ Also called Salm-Badenweiler
  4. ^ Also called Salm-Neuweiler
  5. ^ From paternal inheritance, this branch usually holds the titles of Rheingraf and Wildgraf.
  6. ^ The numbering of Henrys follows Henry I Count of Salm, as Henry II of Upper Salm is not counted as ruler of Lower Salm.
  7. ^ Miroslav Marek, Stammliste Luxemburg 5: Nachkommen des Johann II. Grafen von Salm and Chiny
  8. ^ The numberings following Johannetta follow the order of the Rheingrafen of Stein, from whom John VI and descendants are descended through paternal line.
  9. ^ Probably used his double name as regnal name, given that the next ruler of Salm named Frederick would number himself II, after Frederick Magnus' father, Frederick I.
  10. ^ Arthur Kleinschmidt: Geschichte von Arenberg, Salm und Leyen 1789–1815. Perthes, Gotha 1912, p.219 (digitalized).
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